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Servikal disk hernilerinde retrofarengeal yaklaşım

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 12, 1116 - 1119, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.839908

Abstract

Amaç: Bilindiği gibi yüksek düzey disk hernileri klinik pratikte karşılaştığımız nadir patolojilerdir. Tedavisi diğer boyun fıtıklarına göre daha zordur. Bu çalışmada üst düzey servikal disk hernilerindeki (C2-3 ve C3-4) klinik deneyimlerimizi aktarmak istedik. Ayrıca, cerrahi yaklaşımda karşılaştığımız komplikasyonları da anlattık.
Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda geçmiş yıllarda (2010-2019) ameliyat ettiğimiz kırk iki hastanın klinik ve radyolojik kayıtlarını geriye dönük olarak gözden geçirdik. Hastaların görüntüleme testlerinde manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, bilgisayarlı tomografi ve direkt radyografilerden yararlanıldı. Cerrahi yöntem olarak anterior retrofarengeal yaklaşım kullanıldı. Hastaların değerlendirmelerinde klinik takip ve fizik muayenede modifiye Japon Ortopedi Derneği (mJOA) skoru ve Nurick Skalası kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Hastalarda en sık görülen semptom, boyundan oksipital bölgeye yayılan şiddetli ağrıdır. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 54,14 idi. Hastalarımızın ortalama mJOA skoru preoperatif dönemde 15,1, postoperatif altıncı ayda 17 olarak ölçüldü. Hastalarımızın %83,3'ünde mJOA iyileşme oranının yüzde elli ve üzerinde olduğu, %16,7'sinin ise yüzde 50'nin altında olduğu görüldü. Yedi hasta dışında hastaların şikayetleri tedaviden sonra düzeldi. Semptom süresi ile iyileşme oranı arasında negatif korelasyon vardı (P=0.003, Korelasyon Katsayısı r=-0.449). Semptom süresi daha uzun olan hastalarda iyileşme oranının daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Ameliyattan sonra üç hastamız yutma güçlüğü geliştirdi. Hastamız diyet ve egzersizle dört hafta içinde iyileşti.
Sonuçlar: Çalışmamız sonucunda retrofaringeal yaklaşımın üst servikal seviyedeki disk hernileri için güvenli bir seçenek olduğunu bulduk. Ancak ameliyat sırasında uzun ameliyat süresinden ve aşırı geri çekilmeden kaçınmazsak, sinir yapılarının gerilmesinden dolayı yutma güçlüğü gibi komplikasyonlarla karşılaşabiliriz.

References

  • 1. Jomin M, Lesoin F, Lozes G, Thomas CE 3rd, Rousseaux M, Clarisse J. Herniated cervical discs. Analysis of a series of 230 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1986;79(2-4):107-13.
  • 2. McAfee PC, Bohlman HH, Riley LH Jr, Robinson RA, Southwick WO, Nachlas NE. The anterior retropharyngeal approach to the upper part of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987 Dec;69(9):1371-83.
  • 3. Nishizawa S, Yokoyama T, Yokota N, Kaneko M. High cervical disc lesions in elderly patients--presentation and surgical approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1999;141(2):119-26.
  • 4. Russo A, Albanese E, Quiroga M, Ulm AJ. Submandibular approach to the C2-3 disc level: microsurgical anatomy with clinical application. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009 Apr;10(4):380-9.
  • 5. Park SA, Lee JH, Nam YS, An X, Han SH, Ha KY. Topographical anatomy of the anterior cervical approach for c2-3 level. Eur Spine J. 2013 Jul;22(7):1497-503.
  • 6. Shim CS, Jung TG, Lee SH. Transcorporeal approach for disc herniation at the C2-C3 level: a technical case report. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2009 Aug;22(6):459-62.
  • 7. Skaf GS, Sabbagh AS, Hadi U. The advantages of submandibular gland resection in anterior retropharyngeal approach to the upper cervical spine. Eur Spine J. 2007 Apr;16(4):469-77.
  • 8. Türe U, Güçlü B, Naderi S. Anterolateral extradural approach for C2-C3 disc herniation: technical case report. Neurosurg Rev. 2008 Jan;31(1):117-21; discussion 121.
  • 9. Finn MA, MacDonald JD. C2-C3 Anterior Cervical Fusion: Technical Report. Clin Spine Surg. 2016 Dec;29(10): E536-E541.
  • 10. Hirabayashi K, Satomi K. Operative procedure and results of expansive open-door laminoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1988 Jul;13(7):870-6.
  • 11. Kotil K, Sengoz A. The management in the C2-C3 disc herniations: a clinical study. Turk Neurosurg. 2011 Jan;21(1):15-21.
  • 12. Anderson KK, Arnold PM. Oropharyngeal Dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a review. Global Spine J. 2013 Dec;3(4):273-86.
  • 13. Logemann JA, Larsen K. Oropharyngeal dysphagia: pathophysiology and diagnosis for the anniversary issue of Diseases of the Esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2012 May;25(4):299-304.
  • 14. Orestes MI, Chhetri DK. Superior laryngeal nerve injury: effects, clinical findings, prognosis, and management options. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Dec;22(6):439-43.
  • 15. Park SH, Sung JK, Lee SH, Park J, Hwang JH, Hwang SK. High anterior cervical approach to the upper cervical spine. Surg Neurol. 2007 Nov;68(5):519-24; discussion 524.
  • 16. Fard SA, Patel AS, Avila MJ, Sattarov KV, Walter CM, Skoch J, et al. Anatomic considerations of the anterior upper cervical spine during decompression and instrumentation: a cadaveric based study. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Nov;22(11):1810-5.

Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 12, 1116 - 1119, 01.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.839908

Abstract

Aim: High-level disc hernias are rare pathologies encountered in clinical practice. Treatment is more difficult than other cervical disc hernias. In this study, we aimed to convey our clinical experience in C2-3 and C3-4 disc herniations, also presenting the complications we encountered during surgical treatment.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the clinical and radiological records of 42 patients we operated between 2010-2019. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and direct radiographs were utilized as imaging modalities. Anterior retropharyngeal approach was the preferred surgical method. The modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA) score and Nurick Scale were used in clinical follow-up and physical examination of these patients.
Results: Among all patients, the most common symptom was severe pain radiating from the neck to the occipital region. The mean age was 54.14 years. The average mJOA scores were 15.1 in the preoperative period and 17 in the postoperative sixth month. We observed that 83.3% of our patients had an mJOA recovery rate of fifty percent and above. All but seven patients’ complaints improved well after treatment. There was a negative correlation between symptom duration and recovery rate (P=0.003, Correlation Coefficient r=-0.449). The rate of recovery was lower in patients with a longer duration of symptoms. Three of our patients developed difficulty in swallowing after the operation and recovered within four weeks with diet and exercise.
Conclusion: We determined that retropharyngeal approach is a safe option for disc hernias at the upper cervical level. However, long operation time and excessive retraction during surgery may lead to complications such as difficulty in swallowing due to the stretching of the neural structures.

References

  • 1. Jomin M, Lesoin F, Lozes G, Thomas CE 3rd, Rousseaux M, Clarisse J. Herniated cervical discs. Analysis of a series of 230 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1986;79(2-4):107-13.
  • 2. McAfee PC, Bohlman HH, Riley LH Jr, Robinson RA, Southwick WO, Nachlas NE. The anterior retropharyngeal approach to the upper part of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987 Dec;69(9):1371-83.
  • 3. Nishizawa S, Yokoyama T, Yokota N, Kaneko M. High cervical disc lesions in elderly patients--presentation and surgical approach. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1999;141(2):119-26.
  • 4. Russo A, Albanese E, Quiroga M, Ulm AJ. Submandibular approach to the C2-3 disc level: microsurgical anatomy with clinical application. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009 Apr;10(4):380-9.
  • 5. Park SA, Lee JH, Nam YS, An X, Han SH, Ha KY. Topographical anatomy of the anterior cervical approach for c2-3 level. Eur Spine J. 2013 Jul;22(7):1497-503.
  • 6. Shim CS, Jung TG, Lee SH. Transcorporeal approach for disc herniation at the C2-C3 level: a technical case report. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2009 Aug;22(6):459-62.
  • 7. Skaf GS, Sabbagh AS, Hadi U. The advantages of submandibular gland resection in anterior retropharyngeal approach to the upper cervical spine. Eur Spine J. 2007 Apr;16(4):469-77.
  • 8. Türe U, Güçlü B, Naderi S. Anterolateral extradural approach for C2-C3 disc herniation: technical case report. Neurosurg Rev. 2008 Jan;31(1):117-21; discussion 121.
  • 9. Finn MA, MacDonald JD. C2-C3 Anterior Cervical Fusion: Technical Report. Clin Spine Surg. 2016 Dec;29(10): E536-E541.
  • 10. Hirabayashi K, Satomi K. Operative procedure and results of expansive open-door laminoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1988 Jul;13(7):870-6.
  • 11. Kotil K, Sengoz A. The management in the C2-C3 disc herniations: a clinical study. Turk Neurosurg. 2011 Jan;21(1):15-21.
  • 12. Anderson KK, Arnold PM. Oropharyngeal Dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a review. Global Spine J. 2013 Dec;3(4):273-86.
  • 13. Logemann JA, Larsen K. Oropharyngeal dysphagia: pathophysiology and diagnosis for the anniversary issue of Diseases of the Esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2012 May;25(4):299-304.
  • 14. Orestes MI, Chhetri DK. Superior laryngeal nerve injury: effects, clinical findings, prognosis, and management options. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Dec;22(6):439-43.
  • 15. Park SH, Sung JK, Lee SH, Park J, Hwang JH, Hwang SK. High anterior cervical approach to the upper cervical spine. Surg Neurol. 2007 Nov;68(5):519-24; discussion 524.
  • 16. Fard SA, Patel AS, Avila MJ, Sattarov KV, Walter CM, Skoch J, et al. Anatomic considerations of the anterior upper cervical spine during decompression and instrumentation: a cadaveric based study. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Nov;22(11):1810-5.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Surgery, Neurosciences
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Şükrü Oral 0000-0003-4328-0690

Publication Date December 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 12

Cite

APA Oral, Ş. (2020). Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 4(12), 1116-1119. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.839908
AMA Oral Ş. Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias. J Surg Med. December 2020;4(12):1116-1119. doi:10.28982/josam.839908
Chicago Oral, Şükrü. “Retropharyngeal Approach in Cervical Disc Hernias”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4, no. 12 (December 2020): 1116-19. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.839908.
EndNote Oral Ş (December 1, 2020) Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4 12 1116–1119.
IEEE Ş. Oral, “Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias”, J Surg Med, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1116–1119, 2020, doi: 10.28982/josam.839908.
ISNAD Oral, Şükrü. “Retropharyngeal Approach in Cervical Disc Hernias”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 4/12 (December 2020), 1116-1119. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.839908.
JAMA Oral Ş. Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias. J Surg Med. 2020;4:1116–1119.
MLA Oral, Şükrü. “Retropharyngeal Approach in Cervical Disc Hernias”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 4, no. 12, 2020, pp. 1116-9, doi:10.28982/josam.839908.
Vancouver Oral Ş. Retropharyngeal approach in cervical disc hernias. J Surg Med. 2020;4(12):1116-9.