Research Article

Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye

Volume: 6 Number: 2 October 25, 2023
EN

Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye

Abstract

The temperance movement, which emerged in the 19th century with a scientific foundation, and the degeneration discourse found a place in the Ottoman Empire nearly simultaneously with Europe. The influence of doctors educated in Europe played a pivotal role in this process. While the temperance movement and the discourse on degeneration swiftly integrated into the Ottoman Empire's educational system, they assumed a more radical form in the Republic of Turkey. This study explores how the temperance movement and the degeneration discourse were incorporated into Turkey's education system during the single-party period. Commencing from the early years of the Republic's establishment, the Hilâl-i Ahdar Society, alongside a cadre of distinguished psychiatrists affiliated with the society, assumes a leading role in initiatives aimed at imparting anti-alcohol education to the youth. It has been seen that degeneration is addressed from two perspectives, especially in textbooks and magazines for the youth: biological and social. Biological degeneration was rooted in the belief that alcohol use would lead to a corrupt race. On the other hand, social degeneration viewed alcohol use as a problem capable of causing societal disarray, economic instability, and moral decay. In both dimensions, a connection was established between the anti-alcohol movement, the country's population policy, and notions of patriotism in the educational system.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Since this research is carried out within the framework of archive documents and related literature, it does not require ethics committee approval.

References

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  2. Ali Kami (1929). Yurt bilgisi, 5. sınıf. Marifet Matbaası.
  3. Altıncı ulusal tıp kurultayı: Ankara 7-9 Birinciteşrin 1935. (1936). Kader Basımevi.
  4. Arpacı, M. (2015). Sağlam nesiller ya da dejenerasyon: Türkiye'de alkol karşıtı düşünce ve hareket (1910–1950). Toplum ve Bilim, 134, 30- 54.
  5. Balkan, C. (2012). The anti-alcohol movement in the Early Republican Period in Turkey [Unpublished MA Thesis]. Boğaziçi University.
  6. Besim Ömer (1305 [1887]). Mükeyyifat ve Müskiratdan Müskirat. Mahmud Bey Matbaası.
  7. Besim Ömer (1330 [1914]). Hıfzıssıhha. Karabet Kütübhanesi.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Philosophical and Social Foundations of Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 25, 2023

Submission Date

October 6, 2023

Acceptance Date

October 23, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 6 Number: 2

APA
Coşğun Kandal, S. (2023). Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye. Journal of Social Sciences And Education, 6(2), 385-417. https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1372134
AMA
1.Coşğun Kandal S. Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye. JOSSE. 2023;6(2):385-417. doi:10.53047/josse.1372134
Chicago
Coşğun Kandal, Sena. 2023. “Fighting With the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye”. Journal of Social Sciences And Education 6 (2): 385-417. https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1372134.
EndNote
Coşğun Kandal S (October 1, 2023) Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye. Journal of Social Sciences And Education 6 2 385–417.
IEEE
[1]S. Coşğun Kandal, “Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye”, JOSSE, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 385–417, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.53047/josse.1372134.
ISNAD
Coşğun Kandal, Sena. “Fighting With the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye”. Journal of Social Sciences And Education 6/2 (October 1, 2023): 385-417. https://doi.org/10.53047/josse.1372134.
JAMA
1.Coşğun Kandal S. Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye. JOSSE. 2023;6:385–417.
MLA
Coşğun Kandal, Sena. “Fighting With the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye”. Journal of Social Sciences And Education, vol. 6, no. 2, Oct. 2023, pp. 385-17, doi:10.53047/josse.1372134.
Vancouver
1.Sena Coşğun Kandal. Fighting with the Modern Plague: Temperance Movement, Degeneration and Education in Early Republican Türkiye. JOSSE. 2023 Oct. 1;6(2):385-417. doi:10.53047/josse.1372134