Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks of Olive Orchard Soils in Izmir Province

Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) have a very important role in sustainable soil quality, crop production, and environmental impacts, and determining of carbon nitrogen ratio (C: N ratio) is very important for creating data banks in terms of ecosystem functions. Plants influence the interaction of SOC and TN, as well as ecosystem yield and the continental carbon cycle. Climate, atmosphere, and land-use change are all included in numerical models of the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. This study was conducted to determine the SOC and TN stocks, the C: N ratio and their relationships with the soil properties of olive orchards in Aliaga, Bayindir, Bergama, Dikili, Foca, Karaburun, Kemalpasa, Menderes, Menemen, Odemis, Seferihisar, Selcuk, Tire, Torbali and Urla provinces of Izmir in Turkey. For this purpose, 129 soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth. The texture, pH, EC, lime, OM, SOC and TN content and stocks, Bulk density (Db) was determined. Db and C: N ratio varied between 0.84-1.31 g cm-3, 5.17-80.50, and SOC density and stocks changed between 4.00-53.00 mg cm-3, 1.25-1.59 kg m-2, N density and stocks between 0.09-2.66 mg cm-3, 0.03-0.80 kg m-2, respectively. The highest BD was obtained from Tire, the highest SOC stocks from Karaburun, the highest TN from Seferihisar and Karaburun. The very small bulk density which is negatively associated with OM and clay is an important feature. The SOC contents were higher in relatively heavy rainfall regions. SOC and soil texture have a strong relationship. As a result, texture, precipitation, temperature, soil depths, and regeneration of soil affect the SOC and TN stocks. The results may be effective in terms of sustainable soil quality and ecosystem functions for olive cultivation.

Keywords

• Total nitrogen stocks
• Soil organic carbon stocks
• Bulk density
• Olive orchards

İzmir Yöresi Zeytin Bahçe Topraklarının Karbon ve Azot Stokları

Abstract

Toprak organik karbonu (SOC) ve toplam azotu (TN) sürdürülebilir toprak kalitesi, bitkisel üretim ve çevresel etkilerde çok önemli bir role sahiptir, Karbon: Azot (C: N) oranının belirlenmesi ise ekosistem fonksiyonları açısından veri bankalarının oluşturulması için oldukça önemlidir. Bitkiler, ekosistem verimi ve kıtasal karbon döngüsünün yanı sıra SOC ve TN etkileşimini de etkiler. İklim, atmosfer ve arazi kullanımındaki değişikliklerin tümü, karbon (C) ve nitrojen (N) döngülerinin sayısal modellerine dahil edilir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye de İzmir ili Aliağa, Bayındır, Bergama, Dikili, Foça, Karaburun, Kemalpaşa, Menderes, Menemen, Ödemiş, Seferihisar, Selçuk, Tire ve Torbalı ilçelerindeki zeytin bahçelerinin SOC ve TN stokları, C: N oranı ve bunların toprak özellikleri ile ilişkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla 0-30 cm derinlikten 129 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Toprak tekstürü, toprak reaksiyonu (pH), elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), kireç, organik madde (OM), SOC ve TN içeriği ve stoklar, hacim ağırlığı (Db) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Sırasıyla, Db ve C: N oranı 0.84-1.31 g cm-3 ve 5.17-80.50 arasında, SOC yoğunluğu ve stokları 4.00-53.00 mg cm-3, 1.25-1.59 kg m-2 arasında, N yoğunluğu ve stokları ise 0,09-2,66 mg cm-3 ve 0.03-0.80 kg m-2 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek Db Tire'den, en yüksek SOC stokları Karaburun'dan, en yüksek TN ise Seferihisar ve Karaburun'dan elde edilmiştir. OM ve kil ile negatif ilişkili olan çok küçük kütle yoğunluğu önemli bir özelliktir. SOC içerikleri, nispeten yoğun yağış alan bölgelerde daha yüksekti. SOC ve toprak dokusu arasında güçlü bir ilişki vardır. Sonuç olarak, toprak tekstürü, yağış, sıcaklık, toprak derinlikleri ve toprağın yenilenmesi SOC ve TN stoklarını etkiler. Sonuçlar, zeytin yetiştiriciliği için sürdürülebilir toprak kalitesi ve ekosistem fonksiyonları açısından etkili olabilir.

Keywords

• Toplam azot stokları
• Toprak organik karbon stokları
• Hacim ağırlığı
• Zeytin bahçeleri

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