Kısıtlı Sulama Uygulamalarının Mısırda Bazı Biyo – Aktif Bileşenler, Kalite Özellikleri ve Tane Verimine Etkileri

Year 2024, , 177 - 188, 30.01.2024

Elif Özdemir , Bayram Sade

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1257219

Abstract

Mısır üretimi kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde çevresel problemler ve su kıtlığının bir sonucu olarak zorlaşmaktadır. Kuraklığa dayanıklı hibritlerin ve uygun sulama rejimlerinin belirlenmesi su kıtlığı koşullarında mısır üretimini stabilize etmeye yönelik stratejilerdir. Deneme mısırda kısıtlı sulama uygulamaları ve tane rengi faktörünün bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2019 – 2020 yetiştirme sezonlarında “Selçuk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü, Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir AKÇIN Deneme Alanı, Konya, TÜRKİYE” de yürütülmüştür. Denemede faktör olarak sulama [Class A evaporasyon kabından gerçekleşen buharlaşmanın %50 (I1)’ si, %75 (I2)’ i ve %100 (I3)’ ü] ve genotipler [DKC 5783, kırmızı mısır ve Sakarya] yer almıştır. DKC 5783’ ün 2019 yılı I1 uygulamasında sekiz özelliğin ikisinde (bin tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi), Sakarya’ nın ikisinde (total fenolik bileşenler ve tane ham yağı), kırmızı mısırın dördünde (total antosiyanin içeriği, total antioksidan aktivitesi, tane ham protein ve nişasta) en yüksek değerlere sahip oldukları, bununla birlikte kırmızı mısırın 2020 yılı I1 uygulamasında sekiz özelliğin ikisinde (total antosiyanin içeriği ve total fenolik bileşenler), Sakarya’ nın ikisinde (tane ham protein ve tane ham yağ), DKC 5783’ ün ise dördünde (bin tane ağırlığı, total antioksidan aktivitesi, nişasta ve tane verimi) en yüksek değerlere sahip oldukları kaydedilmiştir. 2019 – 2020 yetiştirme sezonlarının I3 uygulamasında bin tane ağırlığının I2’ ye göre sırasıyla %6.71 ve %0.57 yüksek olduğu, nişasta içeriğinin ise her iki yılda da I2’ ye göre %9.19 ve %3.96 yüksek bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Kırmızı renkli mısırın biyo – aktif bileşen içeriğinin denemenin her iki yılında da diğer varyetelerden daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. 2019 yılında I3’ teki ortalama verim I2’ den %6.87, 2020 de ise %9.05 yüksek bulunmuş, bu sonuçlar kısıtlı sulama uygulamalarının su kullanım etkinliğini olumlu yönde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca %25’ lik su kısıntısının mevcut çalışmada bazı verim unsurlarında tolere edilebilir kayıplar oluşturduğu izlenmiştir.

Keywords

Su kıtlığı, Fizyoloji, Antosiyaninler, Antioksidanlar, Fenolikler

Supporting Institution

Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

19401093

Thanks

Bu makale Selçuk Üniversitesi BAP Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 19401093 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Effects of Deficit Irrigation to Some Bio – Active Compounds, Quality Traits and Grain Yield in Maize

Abstract

As a result of environmental difficulties and water scarcity, maize production has been challenged in arid and semi – arid regions. A management strategy for stabilizing corn production under water shortage conditions involves the use of drought – tolerant hybrids and suitable irrigation regimes. The study was conducted in the Prof. Dr. Abdulkadir AKÇIN trial area of “Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Crop Science Department, Konya, TÜRKİYE” during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The aim of the current work is determining the effects of deficit irrigation and grain colour factors on water shortage tolerance of maize in terms of bio – active compounds, quality traits and grain yield. The factors of the trial were irrigations [50% (I1), 75% (I2) and 100% (I3) of evaporation from Class A evaporation PAN] and genotypes [DKC 5783, red corn and Sakarya]. It was noted that DKC 5783 had the highest values at two (thousand grain weight, grain yield), Sakarya had at two (total phenolic compounds and grain crude oil) and red corn had at four (total anthocyanin content, total antioxidant activity, grain crude protein and starch) properties among eight under I1 during 2019 as well as red corn had at two (total anthocyanin content and total phenolic compounds), Sakarya had at two (grain crude protein and grain crude oil) and DKC 5783 had highest values at four (thousand grain weight, total antioxidant activity, starch and grain yield) features among eight under I1 during 2020. Thousand grain weight values of I3 were 6.71% and 0.57% more than I2 while starch was 9.19% and 3.96% more than I2 during 2019 – 2020. Red corn had better contents of bio – active compounds than other two varieties during both years of the trial. The mean yield of I3 was 6.87% more than I2 in 2019 and 9.05% more than I2 in 2020 which revealed that regulated deficit irrigation might help growers to cope with decline in water availability also 25% water restriction caused tolerable decreases in grain yield and some yield compounds of the current work.

Keywords

Water scarcity, Physiology, Anthocyanins, Antioxidants, Phenolics

Project Number

19401093

References

• Alan, Ö., Kınacı, E., Kınacı, G., Budak Başçifti, Z., Evrenosoğlu, Y., Sönmez, K. and Kutlu, İ. (2014). Determination of variations in sweet corn kernel quality in relation to post harvest usage. Süleyman Demirel University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 9(2): 49-58 (In Turkish).
• Anjum, S., Ashraf, U., Tanveer, M., Khan, I., Hussain, S., Shahzad, B., Zohaib, A., Abbas, F., Saleem, M. and Ali, I. (2017). Drought induced changes in growth, osmolyte accumulation and antioxidant metabolism of three maize hybrids. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8(69): 1-12.
• Ayrancı, R. and Sade, B. (2004). The determination of dent hybrid corn cultivars (Zea mays L. indentata Sturt.) grown under Konya ecological conditions. Journal of Crop Research, 2: 6-14 (In Turkish).
• Bacchetti, T., Masciangelo, S., Micheletti, A. and Ferretti, G. (2013). Carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of five local Italian corn (Zea mays L.) kernels. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 3(6): 2-4.
• Blum, A. (1986). Breeding crop varieties for stress environments. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 2: 199-237.
• Cervilla, L. M., Blasco, B., Rios, J. J., Rosales, M. A., Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., Rubio-Wilhelmi, M. M., Romero, L. and Ruiz Juan, M. (2012). Parameters symptomatic for boron toxicity in leaves of tomato plants. Journal of Botany, 2012: 1-17.
• Çakır, R. (2004). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Field Crops Research, 89(2004): 1-16.
• Demirok, A. and Tüylü, G. (2019). Effect of drip and subsurface drip irrigation on maize yield, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 5(1): 16-31 (In Turkish).
• Desoky, E., Mansour, E., Ali, M., Yasin, M., Abdul-Hamid, M., Rady, M. and Ali, E. (2021). Exogenously used 24-epibrassinolide promotes drought tolerance in maize hybrids by improving plant and water productivity in an arid environment. Plants, 2021(10): 1-24.
• Durmuş, E., Çakaloğulları, U. and Tatar, Ö. (2015). Relations between water use efficiency and related physiological parameters of maize in field conditions. Ege Journal of Agricultural Research, 52(3): 307-315 (In Turkish).
• Hafızoğlu, C. (2020). Determination of physiological and biochemical changes caused by drought in some corn genotypes by drone technology. (MSc. Thesis), Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Tekirdağ, Türkiye (In Turkish).
• Halli, H., Angadi, S., Kumar, A., Govindasamy, P., Madar, R., Baskar V, D., Elansary, H., Tamam, N., Abdelbacki, A. and Abdelmohsen, S. (2021). Assessment of planting method and deficit irrigation impacts on physio-morphology, grain yield and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) on vertisols of semi-arid tropics. Plants, 10(6): 1-18.
• Igbadun, H., Salim, B., Tarimo, A. and Mahoo, H. (2008). Effects of deficit irrigation scheduling on yields and soil water balance of irrigated maize. Irrigation Science, 27(1): 11-23.
• Kacar, B., Katkat, V. and Öztürk, Ş. (2009). Plant Physiology, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara. (In Turkish)
• Kalefetoğlu, T. and Ekmekçi, Y. (2005). The effects of drought on plants and tolerance mechanisms. Gazi University Journal of Science, 18:723-740.
• Karam, F., Breidy, J., Stephan, C. and Rouphael, J. (2003). Evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated corn in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon. Agricultural Water Management, 63(2): 125-137.
• Karaşahin, M. and Sade, B. (2012). Effects of maturity groups on grain yield and other yield components of hybrid corn varieties (Zea mays L. indentata S.). Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 26(2): 12-17 (In Turkish).
• Khampas, S., Lertrat, K., Lomthaisong, K. and Suriharn, B. (2013). Variability in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in corn at immaturity and physiological maturity stages. International Food Research Journal, 20(6): 3149-3157.
• Mohammedkhani, N. and Heidari, R. (2008). Drought-induced accumulation of soluble sugars and proline in two maize varieties. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3(3): 448-453.
• Moharramnejad, S., Sofalian, O., Valizadeh, M., Asgari, A., Shiri, M. and Ashraf, M. (2019). Response of maize to field drought stress: oxidative defense system, osmolytes’ accumulation, and photosynthetic pigments. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 51(3): 799-807.
• Mohsen, S. and Ammar, A. (2009). Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of corn tassel extracts. Food Chemistry, 112(3): 595-598.
• Moosavi, S. G. (2012). The effect of water deficit stress and nitrogen fertilizer levels on morphology traits, yield and leaf area index in maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(4): 1351-1355.
• Nasseri, A. (2021). Long-term water productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) from limited irrigation conditions under moderate semi-arid environment. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18(3): 400-410.
• NeSmith, D. and Ritchie, J. (1992). Short‐and long‐term responses of corn to a pre‐anthesis soil water deficit. Agronomy Journal, 84(1): 107-113.
• Oladeji, B., Akanbi, C. and Gbadamosi, S. (2017). Effects of fermentation on antioxidant properties of flours of a normal endosperm and quality protein maize varieties. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11(3): 1148-1158.
• Öktem, A., Şimsek, M. and Öktem, A. (2003). Deficit irrigation effects on sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) with drip irrigation system in a semi-arid region: I. Water-yield relationship. Agricultural Water Management, 61(1): 63-74.
• Özdemir, E. and Sade, B. (2019a). Genetic analysis of some quality traits in maize. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Agricultural Faculty, 16(2): 193-199.
• Özdemir, E. and Sade, B. (2019b). Comparison of maize lines and their test crosses according to grain yield and some physiological properties. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 43(2): 115-122.
• Özdemir, E. and Sade, B. (2020a). Inheritance of total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity and grain protein content traits in maize. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 29(7A): 5642-5650.
• Özdemir, E. and Sade, B. (2020b). Quantitative Analysis of Bio-Active Compounds in Maize. II. International Ankara Conference of Scientific Reports. 16-18 March, P. 11-19, Ankara, Türkiye.
• Pandey, R. K., Maranvilla, J. W. and Chetima, M. M. (2000). Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on maize in a Sahelian environment. Part II. Shoot-growth, nitrogen uptake and water extraction. Agricultural Water Management, 46: 15-27.
• Sade, B. (2008). Yeni Boyutlarıyla Kuraklık ve Nadas. Ülkesel Tahıl Sempozyumu, 2-5 Haziran, P.230-235, Konya, Türkiye (In Turkish).
• Soltanbeigi, A. (2019). Effect of drought stress and seed pretreatment with CCC on yield and yield components of maize varieties. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 16(1): 55-64.
• Şahin, M. and Al-Bayati, Y. (2018). Determination of water-yield parameters of lettuce plant in Konya open field conditions, Soil Water Journal, 7(2): 38-45 (In Turkish).
• Tezel, M. (2007). Determination of heritability parameters for yield and yield components in maize (Zea mays L.). (MSc. Thesis) Selçuk University, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Field Crops Department, Konya, Türkiye (In Turkish).
• Yang, B., Fu, P., Lu, J., Ma, F., Sun, X. and Fang, Y. (2022). Regulated deficit irrigation: an effective way to solve the shortage of agricultural water for horticulture. Stress Biology, 2022: 2-28.
• Žilić, S., Serpen, A., Akıllıoğlu, G., Gökmen, V. and Vančetović, J. (2012). Phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity of colored maize (Zea mays L.) kernels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(5): 1224-1231.