Factor Determining the Smallholder Farmer’s Perception on Organic Farming: A Case of Makmur Sejahtera Farmers Group, Batu City, Indonesia

Year 2024, , 722 - 731, 27.05.2024

Annisa Firdauzi , Titik Ekowati Agus Subhan Prasetyo , Joko Mariyono

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1357614

Abstract

The perception of farmers in dealing with the phenomenon of climate change is to minimize the impact of reducing the productivity of agricultural products. Climate change which has an impact on the agricultural sector is also caused by unsustainable agricultural practices. Several studies have examined the adoption of organic farming innovations that are sustainable from an environmental aspect and increase farmer income. However, there has been no research on farmers' knowledge and perceptions of implementing organic farming as a climate change adaptation strategy. This research aims to analyze the factors that shape farmers' negative perceptions of organic farming and characteristics of the farmers. The sampling technique in this research uses a probability sampling approach with a total of 80 farmers with interviews using two languages, namely Javanese (local language) and Indonesian to make it easier to understand the research questions. This research used Second Order CFA with WarpPLS 5.0. The basic theory that is found in this study is farmers pay more attention to the attributes of innovation, observability of yields, and access to information. Farmers in Makmur Sejahtera Farmers Group are classified as laggards and late majority. The visible results from the demo plot of organic farming are lower than the results from land that applies conventional farming. Farmers prefer to use pesticides and chemical fertilizers to deal with pest explosions due to climate change. Based on the results, the adoption of organic farming for an adaptive climate change impact with a management policy was recommended.

Keywords

Climate change; Confirmatory factor analysis, Innovation adoption, Laggard, Negative perception

References

• Argiles, J. M. and Brown, N. D. (2010). A Comparative of the Economic and Environmental Performances of Conventional and Organic Farming: evidence from financial statements. Agricultural Economics Review, 11(1): 69-86.
• Astuti, D. A., Sudarsono, Sulaeman, A. and Syukur, M. (2016). Pengembangan Pertanian Organik di Indonesia. Bogor: IPB Press. (Development of Organic Agriculture in Indonesia. Bogor: IPB Press)
• Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Batu. (2018). Kecamatan Bumiaji Dalam Angka 2018. CV. Azka Putra Pratama. (Bumiaji District in Figures 2018. CV. Azka Putra Pratama)
• Bengtsson, J., Ahnström, J. and Weibull, A. C. (2005). The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 42(2), 261–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01005.x
• Berg, H. and Tam, N. T. (2018). Decreased use of pesticides for increased yields of rice and fish-options for sustainable food production in the Mekong Delta. Science of the Total Environment 619–620 (2018) 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.062
• Bhat, M. G., English, B. C., Turhollow, A. F. and Nyangito, H. O. (1994). Energy in synthetic fertilizers and pesticides: Revisited. Final project report. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2172/10120269
• Bui, H. T. M. and Nguyen, H. T. T. (2021). Factors influencing farmers’ decision to convert to organic tea cultivation in the mountainous areas of northern Vietnam. Organic Agriculture, 11(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00322-2
• Cullen, B., Amos, D. and Padel, S. (2016). Organic Knowledge Network Arable - D2.1 Description of farmer innovation groups. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:113694248
• Darnhofer, I., Schneeberger, W. and Freyer, B. (2005). Converting or not converting to organic farming in Austria: Farmer types and their rationale. Agriculture and Human Values, 22(1): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-004-7229-9
• Eviyati, R. (2007). Organic agriculture in various perspectives. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 18–21.
• Feder, R. Just, and P. Zilberman. (1985). Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries: a survey. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 33(2): 255–298.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. and Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (Seventh Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Hidayat, A.S. and Lesmana, T. (2011). The development of rice organic farming in Indonesia: RIEBS, 2(1): 1-14.
• IPCC (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change (O. Edenhofer, R. Pichs Madruga, Y. Sokona, J. C-Minx, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlomer, C. Von Stechow, & T. Zwickel, Eds.). Cambridge University Press.
• Jaime, M. M., Coria, J. and Liu, X. (2016). Interactions between CAP agricultural and agri-environmental subsidies and their effects on the uptake of organic farming. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 98(4): 1114–1145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw015
• Jensen, H. H., Egelyng, H. and Oelofse, M. (2009). Research in sub-saharan African food systems must address post-sustainability challenges and increase developmental returns. Scientific Research and Essay, 4(7): 647-651.
• Kementan (2016). Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Plan 2015-2019.
• Kuepper, G. (2010). A Brief Overview of the History and Philosophy of Organic Agriculture. www.kerrcenter.com Läpple, D. and Rensburg, T. V. (2011). Adoption of organic farming: Are there differences between early and late adoption? Ecological Economics, 70(7): 1406–1414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.03.002
• Mayrowani, H. (2012). The development of organic agriculture in Indonesia. Agro Economic Research Forum, 30(2): 91–108.
• Modirwa, S. M. (2019). Effects of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics on access to agricultural information in Ngaka Modiri Molema District of the North West Province. International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 7(1): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.01.2721
• Muhie, S. H. (2022). Novel approaches and practices to sustainable agriculture. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 10: 100446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100446
• Mzoughi, N. (2011). Farmers adoption of integrated crop protection and organic farming: Do moral and social concerns matter? Ecological Economics, 70(8): 1536–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.03.016
• Palaniappan, A. P. and Annadurai, K. (2018). Organic Farming: Theory & Practice (Seventh edition). Scientific Publishers.
• Petersen, S. O., Regina, K., Pöllinger, A., Rigler, E., Valli, L., Yamulki, S., Esala, M., Fabbri, C., Syväsalo, E. and Vinther, F. P. (2006). Nitrous oxide emissions from organic and conventional crop rotations in five European countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 112(2–3): 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2005.08.021
• Plano Clark, V. L. and Creswell, J. W. (2015). Understanding research: A consumer’s guide (Second Edition). Pearson Education, Inc.
• Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press.
• Sandhu, H. S., Wratten, S. D., Cullen, R. and Case, B. (2008). The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach. Ecological Economics, 64(4): 835–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.007
• Sapbamrer, R. and Thammachai, A. (2021). A systematic review of factors influencing farmers’ adoption of organic farming. Sustainability, 13(7): 3842. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073842
• Sari Gedik, D. and Yilmaz, E. (2023). Determination of the Factors Affecting the Level of Benefit from Young Farmer Project Support in Rural Development: Tekirdag Sample, Türkiye. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 20(2): 418–429. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1165409
• Schiffman, L. G., Wisenblit, J. and Ramesh Kumar, S. (2016). Consumer Behavior (Eleventh Edition). Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd.
• Schreer, V. and Padmanabhan, M. (2020). The many meanings of organic farming: framing food security and food sovereignty in Indonesia. Organic Agriculture, 10(3): 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-019-00277-z
• Simin, M. T. and Janković, D. (2014). Applicability of Diffusion of Innovation Theory in Organic Agriculture. Economics of Agriculture, 61(2): 517-529. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoPolj1402517T
• Solimun, Fernandes, A. A. R. and Nurjannah. (2017). Metode Statistika Multivariat Pemodelan Persamaan Struktural (SEM) Pendekatan WarpPLS. Universitas Brawijaya Press. (Multivariate Statistical Method Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) WarpPLS Approach. Brawijaya University Press)
• Squalli, J. and Adamkiewicz, G. (2018). Organic farming and greenhouse gas emissions: A longitudinal U.S. state-level study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192: 30–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.160
• Sriyadi and Yekti, A. (2021). Farmers’ behavior towards risks of shallot farming: a case study in Kalisoro village, Tawangmangu district, Karanganyar regency, Central Java. E3S Web of Conferences, 316, 02043. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131602043
• Streletskaya, N. A., Bell, S. D., Kecinski, M., Li, T., Banerjee, S., Palm-Forster, L. H. and Pannell, D. (2020). Agricultural Adoption and Behavioral Economics: Bridging the Gap. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 42(1): 54–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13006
• Suwaryo, P. A. W. and Yuwono, P. (2017). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Mitigasi Bencana Alam Tanah Longsor. The 6th University Research Colloquium, 305–314. (Factors that Influence the Level of Community Knowledge in Landslide Natural Disaster Mitigation. The 6th University Research Colloquium, 305–314)
• Tran-Nam, Q. and Tiet, T. (2022). The role of peer influence and norms in organic farming adoption: Accounting for farmers’ heterogeneity. Journal of Environmental Management, 320:115909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115909
• Vu, H. T., Tran, D., Goto, D. and Kawata, K. (2020). Does experience sharing affect farmers’ pro-environmental behavior? A randomized controlled trial in Vietnam. World Development, 136: 105062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105062
• Willer, Helga and Lernoud, J. (2017). The world of organic agriculture - statistics & emerging trends 2017 (Version 1.3). IFOAM. 2017. The world of organic agriculture: statistics and emerging trends 2017. Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) and IFOAM, Organics International.
• Wollni, M. and Andersson, C. (2014). Spatial Patterns of Organic Agriculture Adoption: Evidence from Honduras. Ecological Economics, 97: 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.11.010
• Yaseen, M., Xu, S., Yu, W. and Hassan, S. (2016). Farmers’ Access to Agricultural Information Sources: Evidences from Rural Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 05(01): 12–19. https://doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2016.51b003
• Yilmaz, E., Özdemir, G., Oraman, Y., Unakitan, G. and Konyali, S. (2019). Women’s contribution to decision making processes in agricultural production and their expectation from cooperatives. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 16(1): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.517029
• Yu, Y., He, Y. and Zhao, X. (2021). Impact of Demand Information Sharing on Organic Farming Adoption: An evolutionary game approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 172:121001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121001