Investigation of Water Quality of the Karasu River in Bilecik Province in terms of Agricultural Irrigation

Year 2024, , 1001 - 1016, 20.09.2024

Çayan Alkan , Ramazan Meral

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1400172

Abstract

Together with increasing people's need for water, water needs to be monitored due to the pressure created by factors such as drought and pollution. In this study, water quality was monitored by determining 10 points on the Karasu River in Bilecik Province and it was aimed to examine the seasonal change in water quality. pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, CO3, HCO3, Cl, B, SO4, Sodium Adsorption Rate (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and %Na parameters were determined in water. And then using these parameters, quality classes were determined with the help of water quality classification systems developed by scientists such as Schofield, Wilcox, Thorne, Doneen and Soifer. The study were temporally diveded into 4 periods. They are period 1, period 2 (Spring), period 3 (Summer) and period 4 (Fall). After all, for the period 3, heavy metal pollution, especially Al, attracts attention. Except for the period 2 of point 7 and period 4 of point 9, the class of all periods and points in terms of sulphate was "Very good (class 1)". According to Schofield (1933 and 1935) systems, point 7 is in particularly bad situation in terms of EC. According to Wilcox (1948), point 7 is not suitable for irrigation in the period 2. At point 7, water pollution in period 2 has been identified as common to most classification systems. According to Christiansen et al. (1977), there is intense pollution in terms of EC and Na2CO3 parameters. According to Soifer (1987), point 2 is the cleanest point. As a result, Karasu river is not suitable for irrigation in terms of Al and B. It was understood that heavy metal pollution did not cause much of a problem in non-industrialized cities such as Bilecik. Besides, it was understood that the most common element among heavy metals was Pb in Karasu River. The SAR and RSC values of all periods, seasons and points were classified as "Very Good-Safe (C1S1)".

Keywords

Agricultural water quality, Water quality index, Water quality classification systems, Sakarya river, Karasu stream

Ethical Statement

There is no conflict.

Supporting Institution

Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University

Project Number

2021-02.BŞEÜ.06-05

Thanks

This work was supported by the Office of Scientific Research Projects in Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University (Project No:2021-02.BŞEÜ.06-05), Turkey. The authors also thank Betül ÇANGA for her contribution.

Bilecik İli Karasu Irmağı Su Kalitesinin Tarımsal Sulamalar Açısından İncelenmesi

Abstract

İnsanların suya olan ihtiyaçlarının artmasına ek olarak, kuraklık ve kirlilik gibi etmenlerin yaratacağı baskı sebebiyle suların izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; Bilecik ili Karasu ırmağı üzerinde 10 nokta belirlenerek su kalitesi izlenmiş ve mevsimsel olarak su kalitesindeki değişim incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sudaki; pH, EC, Na, K, Ca, Mg, CO3, HCO3, Cl, B, SO4, Sodyum Adsorpsiyon Oranı (SAR), Kalıntı sodyum karbonat (RSC) ve %Na parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra bu parametreler kullanılarak; Schofield, Wilcox, Thorne, Doneen ve Soifer gibi bilim insanlarının geliştirdiği, su kalitesi sınıflandırma sistemleri yardımıyla kalite sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma, zamansal olarak; 1. dönem, 2. dönem (İlkbahar), 3. dönem (Yaz) ve 4. dönem (Sonbahar) şeklinde 4 döneme ayrılmıştır. Sonuçta; 3. dönem için; Al başta olmak üzere ağır metal kirliliği dikkate çekmektedir. 2. dönemin 7 nolu noktası ve 4. dönemim 9 nolu noktaları haricinde, tüm dönem ve noktalar sülfat açısından “Çok iyi (1. sınıf)” dir. Schofield (1933 ve 1935) sistemlerine göre; 7 nolu nokta, özellikle EC açısından kötü durumdadır. Wilcox (1948)’a göre; 7 nolu nokta, 2. dönemde sulama açısından uygun değildir. 7 nolu noktada, 2. dönemdeki su kirliliği, çoğu sınıflandırma sisteminde ortak olarak tespit edilmiştir. Christiansen ve ark. (1977)’na göre, EC ve Na2CO3 parametreleri açısından yoğun bir kirlilik yaşanmaktadır. Soifer (1987)’a göre, 2 nolu nokta en temiz noktadır. Sonuç olarak; Karasu ırmağı, Al ve B açısından sulamaya uygun değildir. Bilecik gibi sanayileşmemiş şehirlerde, ağır metal kirliliğinin çok fazla sorun yaratmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca; Karasu Irmağı’ndaki ağır metaller arasında en yaygın bulunan elementin Pb olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Tüm dönem, mevsim ve noktalara ait SAR ve RSC değerleri “Çok İyi-Güvenli (C1S1)” sınıfında yer almaktadır.

Keywords

Tarımsal su kalitesi, Su kalite indeksi, Su kalitesi sınıflandırma sistemleri, Sakarya nehri, Karasu ırmağı

Project Number

2021-02.BŞEÜ.06-05

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