Fitobiyotik Takviyesinin Etlik Piliçlerde Büyüme Performansı, Kazanılmış Bağışıklık, Kan Metabolitleri ve Besin Sindirilebilirliği Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Allium sativum, Calendula officinalis, Echinacea purpurea, Emblica officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, Amerikan ginsengi tozu ve Withania somnifera içeren fitobiyotik takviyesinin (FT) broylerlerde büyüme performansı, kazanılmış bağışıklık, kan metabolitleri, karkas özellikleri ve besin madde sindirilebilirliği üzerindeki etkinliğini araştırılmıştır. Toplam 260 adet günlük yaşta Ross-308 etlik civciv, beş farklı muamele grubuna rastgele dağıtılmıştır: T0 (0 mL L⁻¹ FT, kontrol), T1 (0.75 mL L⁻¹), T2 (1.0 mL L⁻¹), T3 (1.25 mL L⁻¹) ve T4 (1.5 mL L⁻¹) olacak şekilde içme suyuna FT ilave edilmiştir. Büyüme performansı haftalık olarak kaydedilmiştir. Denemenin 21. ve 35. günlerinde, her tekrardan iki adet piliç kesilerek antikor titreleri ve bağışıklık organı indeksleri (timus, bursa ve dalak) değerlendirilmiştir. 35. günde ise kan metabolitleri, karkas özellikleri, besin sindirilebilirliği ve kemik mineralizasyonunu belirlemek üzere örnekler toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tamamıyla şansa bağlı deneme desenine göre varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Fitobiyotik takviyesi, kontrol grubuna (T0) kıyasla tüm muamele gruplarında yem tüketimi, canlı ağırlık artışı ve yem dönüşüm oranını (FCR) anlamlı düzeyde (P<0.05) iyileştirmiştir. T2 grubunda Newcastle hastalığı (ND) ve enfeksiyöz bronşit (IB) virüslerine karşı antikor titreleri ile bağışıklık organı indeksleri, 21. ve 35. günlerde anlamlı derecede (P<0.05) artmıştır. Ayrıca, FT takviyesi 35. günde glikoz, kolesterol, kan üre azotu (BUN), besin sindirilebilirliği ve kemik mineralizasyonu üzerinde de anlamlı (P<0.05) etkiler göstermiştir. Karkas özellikleri tüm FT gruplarında benzer bulunmuş olup, en yüksek randıman T2 grubunda, en düşük ise T1 grubunda gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, fitobiyotik takviyesinin etlik piliçlerde antibiyotik büyüme faktörlerine (AGP) alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği ve bağışıklık ile büyüme performansında iyileşme sağlayabileceği görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Antibiyotik alternatifleri
• Fitobiyotik
• Broyler
• Besin sindirilebilirliği
• Karkas özellikleri

Effect of Phytobiotics Supplementation on Growth Performance, Acquired Immunity, Blood Metabolites and Nutrient Digestibility in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the efficacy of phytobiotic supplementation (PS), consisting on Allium sativum, Calendula officinalis, Echinacea purpurea, Emblica officinalis, Ocimum sanctum, powdered American ginseng, Withania somnifera active ingredients, on growth performance, acquired immunity, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility of broiler birds. Two hundred and sixty, day-old broiler chicks (Ross-308) were divided into five treatments (T0; 0, T1; 0.75, T2; 1, T3; 1.25 and T4; 1.5 mL L-1 concentrations of PS in drinking water, respectively. Broiler growth performance was recorded weekly. Two birds from each replicate were slaughtered on day 21st and 35th to evaluate antibody titers, immune organ index (thymus, bursa and spleen). Samples for blood metabolites, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization were collected on the 35th day. Collected data was analyzed using analysis of variance under a completely randomized design. PS had improved (P<0.05) feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all the treatments compared with T0. Similarly, antibody titers for Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses in T2, immune organ index were significant (P<0.05) on 21st and 35th day of the experiment. PS had also significant (P<0.05) effect on glucose, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization on the 35th day. Carcass characteristics were same for PS treatments, but the highest dressing percentage was observed in T2 and lowest in T1. Based on the results, the PS can be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) with a better acquired immunity and growth performance in broilers.

Keywords

• Antibiotics alternatives
• Phytobiotic
• Broilers
• Nutrient digestibility
• Carcass characteristics

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