Effect of Drought Stress and Seed Pretreatment with CCC on Yield and Yield Components of Maize Varieties

Year 2019, , 61 - 70, 25.01.2019

Amir Soltanbeigi

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.517003

Abstract

In order to study the effects of drought stress and seed pretreatment of two maize varieties with Cycocel an

experiment was carried out with the aim to reduce the stress on the yield of this crop during their critical growth

stages.Field trials were arranged in split-split plot design and randomized complete block design with three

replications. For statistical evaluation, irrigation as the main factor at four levels (complete irrigation as the control

and eliminating one stage of irrigation at the beginning of stalking, tasseling and dough stages), maize var. KSC704

and KSC666 as the sub factor at two levels and application of Cycocel as the sub-sub factor at three levels (0,

0.4, and 0.8 g L-1 concentration) were created.Eliminating one stage of irrigation in stalking and tasseling stages

affected the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear, grain number per row and ultimately the grain yield,

while the drought stress at dough stage had no significant difference in the results of the experiment compared

to the control group. Apart from enhancing 1000-grain weight, the use of Cycocel pretreatment affected the test

results slightly and comparison of these findings with similar studies, which applied Cycocel as foliar, indicates

the higher ability of foliar than the pretreatment.

Keywords

Chlormequat Chloride, Drought, Irrigation, Maize, PGRs

Mısır Varyetelerinde Kuraklık Stresi ve Tohumlarına Cycocel Uygulamasının Verim ve Verim Componentleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu deneme iki farklı mısır varyetesinde, bitkinin en hassas büyüme ve gelişme dönemlerinde kuraklık stresi ve

tohumlara bitki büyüme düzenleyici olarak Cycocel muamelesinin verim üzerine etkilerinin en aza indirmek

amacıyla kurulmuştur. Deneme Split-split Plot Deneme Desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür.

İstatistiksel değerlendirmede, sulama ana parselleri dört düzeyde (düzenli sulama kontrol ve sapa kalkma dönemi,

çiçeklenme dönemi ve danelerin hamurlaşma döneminin başında bir nöbet sulama kesintisi), mısır varyetesi alt

parselleri iki düzeyde (KSC704 ve KSC666) ve Cycocel uygulaması alt-alt parsellerini üç düzeyde (0, 0.4, and 0.8

g L-1 concentration) oluşturmuştur. Kontrol bitkilerle karşılaştırıldığında sapa kalkma ve çiçeklenme dönemlerinin

başında bir nöbet su kesimi koçan uzunluğu, koçan çapı, koçanda dane sayısı, her sırada dane sayısı ve dane

verimini olumsuz etkileyerek, dane hamurlaşma dönemi kuraklık stresinden etkilenmemiştir. Mısır tohumlarında

Cycosel uygulaması 1000 dane ağırlığı yükselişi hariç, deneme sonuçlarını çok az etkilemiştir. Bu bulgular diğer

benzeri araştırma sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında yapraktan uygulama Cycocel yöntemi, tohum uygulamasından

daha etkilidir.

Keywords

Chlormequat Chloride, Kuraklık, Mısır, PGRs, Sulama

References

• Allen, R.R. and J.T. Musick, 1993, Planting date, water management and maturity length relation for irrigation grain sorghum, Trans, ASAE, 36(4): 1123-1129.
• Athar, H. and M. Ashraf, 2005, Photosynthesis under drought stress, In: Hand Book Photosynthesis, 2nd ed., C. R. C. Press, New York, 795-810.
• Barrett, J.E. and T.A. Nell, 1992, Efficacy of paclobutrazol and uniconazole on four bedding plant species, Horticulture Science, 27: 896-897.
• Beck, D., Betran, J. and M. Banzinger, 1996, Progress in developing drought and low soil nitrogen tolerance in maize, 51st annual corn and sorghum research conference, Chicago, IL. Proceedings 55, American Seed Trade Association, Washington, 10 Dec., 85-111.
• Bolaoos, J., Edmeades, G.O. and L. Martinetz, 1993, Eight cycles of selection for drought tolerance in lowland tropical, maize, III. Responses in drought adaptive physiological and morphological traits, Field Crops Research, 31(3-4): 269–286.
• Boyer, J.S. and H.G. Mcpherson, 1998, Physiology water deficit in cereal crops, Agronomy Journal, 27: 1-23.
• Ceccarelli, S. and S. Grando, 1996, Drought as a challenge for the plant breeder, Plant Growth Regulation, 20(2): 149-155.
• Dağdelen, N., Gürbüz, T., Sezgin, F., Yılmaz, E., yesilırmak, E. and S. Akçay, 2008, Effect of different water stress on the yield and yield components of second crop corn in semiarid climate, International Meeting on Soil Fertility Land Management and Agroclimatology, Kuşadası, Turkey, 29 Oct.–1 Nov., 815-826.
• Emam, Y. and G.R. Moaied, 2000, Effect of planting density and chlormequat chloride on morphological and physiological characteristics of winter barley (H. vulgare L.) Cul. Valfajr, Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2(2): 75-83.
• FAO, 2014, New gridded maps of Koeppen’s climate classification, http://www.fao.org/nr/climpag/globgrids/kc_classification_en.asp (11/10/2014).
• Farooq, U. and A. Bano, 2006, Effect of abscisic acid and chlorocholine chloride on nodulation and biochemical content of Vigna radiata L. under water stress, Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(5): 1511-1518.
• Gallagher, J.N. and P.V. Biscoe, 1978, Radiation absorption, growth and yield of cereals, Journal of Agricultural Science, 91(1): 47-60.
• Gilley, A. and R.A. Fletcher, 1997, Relative efficacy of paclobutrazol, probiconanzole and tetraconazole as stress protectants in wheat seedlings, Plant Growth Regulation, 21: 169-175.
• Golbashy, M., Ebrahimi, M., Khorasani, S.K. and R. Choukan, 2010, Evaluation of drought tolerance of some corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Iran, African Journal of Agriculture Research, 5(19): 2714-2719.
• Guelloubi, R., Hamdy, A. and V. Sardo, 2005, Maize production under two water saving techniques, http://resources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/b53/00800753.pdf, Online available (05/10/2014).
• Hashemzadeh, F. 2006, Drought stress and cycocel effects on quantitative characteristics of corn varieties in secound cultivation, M.Sc. Thesis, Azad University of Tabriz, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Iran, 87.
• Hashemzadeh, F. 2009, Drought stress and cycocel effects on corn varieties yield in secound cultivation, Journal of New Agricultural Sciences, 14(5): 67-79.
• Ilkaei, M.N., Habibi, D., Paknejhad, F., Khodabandeh, N., Boujar, A.M. and F. Seddighi, 2010, Effect of chlorocholine chloride and spraying time on corn’s yield, physiologic traits and activity of antioxidant enzymes in drought stress conditions, Journal of New Agricultural Sciences, 19(6) 11-18.
• Jajarmi, V. 2009, Effect of water stress on germination indices in seven wheat cultivar, Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 49: 105-106.
• Karimian, S., Modares, S. and A. Sepehri, 2005, Effect of water stress at vegetative and generative growth stages in leafy hybrids and commercial corn, Agriculture Researchs: Water, Soil & Plant, 5(3): 39-51.
• Kazempour, S. and M. Tajbakhsh, 2002, Effect of some antitranspirants on vegetative characteristic, yield and yield components of corn under narrow irrigation, Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 33(2): 205-210.
• Khodarahmpour, Z. and J. Hamidi, 2012, Study of yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to drought stress, African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(13): 3099-3105.
• Koliaei, A.A., Akbari, G.A., Armandpisheh, O., Labbafi, M.R. and R. Zarghami, 2011, Effects of phosphate chemical fertilizers and biologic fertilizers in various moisture regimes on some morphological characteristics and seeds performance in maize S.C. 704, Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(3): 223-234.
• Moniruzzaman, M. 2000, Effect of Cycocel (CCC) on the growth and yield manipulation of vegetable soybean, Agricultural Research Center Report, 1-16.
• Nadvar, A., Ardakani, G., Nourmohammadi, G. and A. Najafi, 2006, Effect of four different irrigation levels, trickle and stripe irrigation on water use efficiency and morphological characteristics of corn, Journal of Agriculture and Crops Breeding, 1(1): 63-73.
• Pasian, C.C. and M. Bennett, 2001, Paclobutrazol soaked marigold, geranium, and tomato seeds produce short seedlings, Horticulture Science, 36(4): 721-731.
• Patrick, M.O., Shanahan, J.F., Schepers, J.S. and B. Caldwell, 2004, Agronomic responses of corn hybrids for different ereas to deficit and adequate levels of water and nitrogen, Agronomy Journal, 96(6): 1660-1667.
• Peltonen Sainio, P. and A. Rajala, 2001, Chlormequat and ethephon effects on growth and yield formation of conventional, naked, and dwarf oat, Agricultural and Food Science in Finland 10: 175-184.
• Rajala, A. 2003, Plant growth regulators to manipulate cereal growth in northern growing conditions, University of Helsinki Publication: 13, Academic Dissertation, Helsinki, 47.
• Royo, C., Aparicio, N., Blanco, R. and D. Villegas, 2004, Leaf and green area development of durum wheat genotypes grown under Mediterranean conditions, European Journal of Agronomy, 20(4): 419-430.
• Sadeghi, L., Madani, H. and M. Rafei, 2007, Effect of different levels of irrigation on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.), Journal of New Agricultural Sciences, 4(1): 267-278.
• Sandor, Z. 2010, Effect of herbicides used in maize culture on soil microbiological activity, PhD thesis, University of Debrecen, Hungary, 23.
• Shekoofa, A. and Y. Emam, 2008, Effects of nitrogen fertilization and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shiraz), Journal of agriculture Science Technology, 10(2): 101-108.
• Shiri, M., Choukan, R. and R.T. Aliyev, 2010, Drought tolerance evaluation of corn hybrids using biplot method, Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 5(2): 129-137.
• U.S. EPA, 2007, Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Chlormequat Chloride, Pub. no 0968, USA, 66.
• Webb, J.A. and R.A. Fletcher, 1996, Paclobutrazol protects wheat seedlings from injury due to waterlogging, Plant Growth Regulation, 18(3): 201-206.
• Wu, G.C., Xue, Y. and D.Y. He, 2003, Combining ability analysis on maize inbred lines, Journal of Maize Sciences. 11(2): 32-36.