Has Household Purchasing of Confectionery Products in Turkey Changed in the Last Decade?

Year 2021, , 98 - 114, 30.12.2020

Mehmet Bozoğlu , Abdulbaki Bilgiç , Avni Birinci , Uğur Başer

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.727646

Abstract

Although consumption of confectionery and chocolate products per capita in Turkey is considerably lower than that of the developed counties, there has recently been a rising trend in sugar consumption. The purpose of this study was to identify how and to what extent the significant changes in socio-demographic and economic structures of households in Turkey during the period of 2002-2013 influence monthly real spending on sugar, jam-marmalade, and confectionery products. The data was obtained by the annual household budget surveys of the Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) between 2002 and 2013. These surveys are annually conducted by TURKSTAT with nearly varying ten thousand randomly selected households throughout the nation for the period between January 1 and December 31. A multivariate Tobit model was used to determine factors affecting Turkish monthly household expenditure on three foods. Cross correlation coefficients among food pairs and marginal impacts of exogenous variables were also estimated. Almost 79% of households spend on confectionery foods, followed by 73% on sugar products and low 20% on jam-marmalade foods. According to results compared to the 2002 reference year, spending on sugar and jam-like food has declined over the years, while more spending on confectionery was emerging. Over the course of twelve years period, the sample households monthly spend 13.84, 3.73 and ₺ 12.91 on sugar, jam-marmalade and confectionery foods, respectively. The correlation coefficients among the food items were all positive and statistically significant, indicating that after controlling the role of independent variables in our model, uncontrolled variables along with measurement errors and any other functional forms induce both the spending on the two food pairs. Impacts of many socio-demographic and economic factors on monthly household spending of confectionery products including sugar were identified, and also years’ impacts on spending patterns were confirmed. By years, the age variable had different effects on the food spending of the three categories. Nonetheless, it has been identified that the families whose household heads have a green card spend different amounts both for sugar and confectionery products annually. It has also been identified that while only confectionery food product spending of the families who receive in-kind and financial aids differs annually, all three categories of food spending differ significantly as the numbers of working individuals changes yearly. Results permitted us to draw relevant policy implications and to shape policy formation for future effective food programs or policies.

Keywords

Confectioneries, Household spending, Multivariate Tobit model, Turkey

Supporting Institution

Minister of Food, Agriculture and Livestock of Turkey

Project Number

TAGE-14-AR-60

Thanks

Authors would also like to emphasis their gratitude to Ilona Jayne Coulson-Ashworth from England for English editing of the manuscript.

Has Household Purchasing of Confectionery Products in Turkey Changed in the Last Decade?

Abstract

Türkiye'de kişi başına şekerleme ve çikolata ürünleri tüketimi gelişmiş ülkelerden önemli ölçüde düşük olmasına rağmen, son zamanlarda şeker tüketiminde artış eğilimi görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, 2002-2013 döneminde Türkiye'deki hane halklarının sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik yapılarındaki değişikliklerin şeker, reçel marmelatı ve şekerleme ürünlerinin aylık harcamalarına etkisinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmanın verileri, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından 2002-2013 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen yıllık hanehalkı bütçe anketlerinden elde edilmiştir. TÜİK, 1 Ocak-31 Aralık tarihleri arasında yaklaşık on bin hane halkı ile anketleri yapmıştır. Türkiye’deki hane halklarının 3 ürüne yönelik aylık harcamalarını etkileyen faktörlerin ortaya konulmasında, çok değişkenli Tobit modeli kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, gıdalar arasındaki çapraz korelasyon katsayıları ve egzojen değişkenlerin marjinal etkileri de tahmin edilmiştir. Hanelerin yaklaşık %79'u şekerleme gıdalarına, %73'ü şeker ürünlerine ve %20'si reçel marmelat gıdalarına harcama yapmaktadır. İkibiniki referans yılı ile karşılaştırılan sonuçlara göre, dönem içinde hane halklarının harcamaları şeker ve reçel benzeri yiyeceklerde azalırken, şekerleme ürünlerinde artmıştır. On iki yıllık süre boyunca örneklemdeki tüm hanelerin aylık şeker, reçel-marmelat ve şekerleme harcamaları sırasıyla 13.84, 3.73 ve 12.91 ₺ olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Gıda maddeleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayılarının hepsi, pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlam bulunması, modelde ele alınan bağımsız değişkenlerin kontrol dışı değişkenler ve ölçüm hatalarıyla birlikte şeker ve şekerleme ürünlerin harcamalarına etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Birçok sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik faktörün hane halklarının şeker ve şekerleme ürünleri aylık ve yıllık harcamalarına etkileri bulunmaktadır. Yaş değişkeninin üç kategoride de yıllara göre gıda harcamaları üzerinde etkileri farklılaşmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, hanehalkı reisinden yeşil karta sahip olan ailelerin her yıl hem şeker, hem de şekerleme ürünleri için farklı miktarlarda para harcandığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ayni ve nakdi yardım alan ailelerin sadece şekerleme gıda ürünü harcamaları her yıl farklılaşmasına rağmen, çalışanların sayısının her yıl değişmesi, üç kategoride de gıda harcamalarını önemli ölçüde değiştirmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarının etkili gıda programları veya politikalarının oluşturulmasına katkısı olabilecektir.

Keywords

Şekerlemeler, Hane halkı harcamaları, Çok Değişkenli Tobit model, Türkiye

Project Number

TAGE-14-AR-60

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