Plant Extracts; a New Rumen Moderator in Ruminant Diets

Year 2007, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 71 - 79, 01.03.2007

A. Tekeli L. Çelik H. R. Kutlu

Abstract

Keywords

-

Plant Extracts; a New Rumen Moderator in Ruminant Diets

Abstract

fermantasyondan korumaktadır. Bitkisel ekstraktlar özellikle saponin içerenler güçlü antiprotozoal aktiviteye sahiptir. Rumenden protozoaların eleminasyonu mevcut protein kaybının önlenmesinde oldukça etkilidir. Bitkisel ekstraktlar ayrıca iştah açıcı özellikleri nedeniyle yem tüketimini arttırmakta, performansı yükseltmekte, sindirim enzimi ve salgılarını uyarmaları nedeniyle de besin madde sindirilebilirliğini iyileştirmektedirler. Bitkisel ekstraktlar nitrojeni bağlaması ve amonyak kontrolü nedeniyle daha temiz ve sağlıklı çevre oluşumuna da katkı sağlamaktadır

Keywords

Bitkisel ekstrakt, antibiyotik, ruminant, saponin, protozoa

References

• Anonymous, 2004b. Eulara. http:www.eulara.com/shop/content.php?pgid=1 60 (03.12.2005). Anonymous 2005. http://www.wfan.org/newsletters/vol6no3.pdf (03.12.2005).
• Biomin, 2005. Biomin.
• http://www.biomin.net/homepage/biomin.htm (03.12.2005).
• Busquet, M., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. 2006. Plant Extracts Affect in vitro Rumen Microbial Fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 89: 761- 771.
• Castillejous, L., Calsamigkia, S., Ferret, A. and Losa, R. 2005. Effects of a Spesific Blend of Essential Oil Compounds and Type of Diet on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and Nutrient Flow from a Contuous Culture system. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol 119: 29-41.
• Cheeke, P. R. 1995. Toxicants of Plant Origin. Volume II Glycosides. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.
• Eryavuz, A. and Dehority, B.A. 2004. Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract on the Concentration of Rumen Microorganisms in Sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 117, 215-222.
• Evans, J.D., Martin, S. A., 2000. Effects of Thymol on Ruminal Microorganisms. Curr. Microbiol. 41: 336-340.
• Fernandez, M., Serrano, E., Frutos, P., Giraldez, F.J., Mantecon, A.R., Liach, J.R., 1997. Effect of Crina HC Supplement upon the Rumen Degradative Activitiy in Sheep. ITEA 18 (vol.extra): 160-162.
• Gee, J.M., J.M.Wal, K.Miller, H. Atkinson, F. Grigoriadou, M.V.W. Wijnands, A.H. Penniks, G. Wortley and I.T. Johnson 1996. Effect of Saponin on the Transmucosal Passage of β- lacto-globulin across the Proximal small Intestine of Normal and β-lacto-globulin- sentized Rats. Toxicology 117: 219-228.
• Giannenas, I., Florou-Paneri, P., Papazahariadou, M., Cheristaki, E., Botsoglou, Na., Spais, A.B., 2003. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenel. J. British Poult. Sci. 57: 99-106.
• Gill, C. 2001. “Safe and Sustainable” Feed Ingredients. Feed International March. pp. 40- 44.
• Helander, I.M., Alakomi, H-L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, T., Pol, I., Smid, E.J., Gorris, Characterizationof the action of selected essential oil components on gram-negative bacteria. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46, 3590-3595.
• Hirasa, K., Takemassa, M., 1998. Spice Science Technology. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA.
• Hofmann, E.M., Muetzel, S. and Becker, K. 2003. Efects of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract on Rumen Fermantation In Vitro. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 57: 65-81.
• Hristov, A.N., McAllister, TA., Van Herk, F.H., Cheng, K.-J., Newbold, C.J., Cheeke, P.R., 1999. Effect of Yucca schidigera on Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Digestion in Heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 2554-2563.
• Ilsley, S.E., Miller, H.M. and Kamel, C. 2005. Effects of Dietary Quillaja Saponin and Curcumin on the Performance and Immune Status of Weaned Piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (1): 82-88
• Jouany, J. P. 1996. Effect of Rumen Protozoa on Nitrogen Utilization by Ruminants. J. Nutr. 126: 1335-1346.
• Kamel , C., 2000. A Novel Look at A Classic Approach of Plant Extracts. Feed Mix, Special- 2000, pp: 19-21.
• Klita, P.T., Mathison, G.W., Fenton, T.W., Hardin, R.T., 1996. Effects of Alfalfa Root Saponins on Digestive Function in Sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 74: 1144-1156.
• Kutlu, H.R. 1999. The Importance of Yucca Schidigera Extract on Poultry Nutrition. Feed Industry Seminar Report. 3 June 1999. Tüyap Fair and Lecture Central, İstanbul.
• Makkar, H.P.S., Sen, S., Blümmel, M., Becker, K. 1998. Effects of Fractions Containing Saponins from Yucca shidigera, Quillaja saponaria, and Acacia auriculoformis on Rumen Fermantation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46: 4324-4328.
• McIntosh, F.M., Newbold, C.J., Losa, R., Williams, P., Wallace, R.J. 2000. Effects of Essential Oil on Rumen Fermentation. Reprod. Nurt. Dev. 40 (Suppl.2): 221-222 (abstract).
• McIntosh, F.M. Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D.A., Newbold, C.J. 2003. Effects of Essential Oils on Ruminant Microorganisms and Their Protein Metabolism. App. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5011-5014.
• Newbold, C.J., El Hasan, S.M., Wang,J., Ortega, M.E., Wallace, R.J. 1997. Influence of Foliage from African Multipurpose Tress on Activity of Rumen Protozoa and Bacteria. Br. J. Nutr. 78: 237-249.
• Newbold, C., McIntosh, F.M., Williams, P., Losa,R. and Wallace, R. J. 2004. Effects of a Spesific Blend of Essential Oil Compounds on Rumen Fermentation. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 114: 105-112.
• Özkaya, H. 2005. Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract (DK 35 Powder) on Broiler Performance. University of Mustafa Kemal. Institue of Natural Andapplied Sciences. Department of Animal Science. MSc Thesis. p 27.
• Sliwinski, B. J., Kreuzer, M., Wettstein, H.R. and Andrea Fermentation and Nitrogen Balance of Lambs Fed Diets Containing Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins Emissions of Nitrogen and Methane. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 56: 379-392. 2002. Rumen and Saponins, and Associated Nottginham Univ. Press.
• Wina, E., Muetzel, S. and Becker, K. 2006. The Dynamics of Major Fibroloytic Microbes and Enzyme Activity in the Rumen in Response to short-and long-term Feeding of Sapindus rarak Saponins. J. App. Microbiol. 100, 114-122.