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Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area

Year 2016, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 0 - 0, 19.09.2016

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate response of “Granny Smith” apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) tree to irrigation under grower condition in the climate of Düzce area. In this study, some physiological observations, such as leaf water potential (LWP), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) on the apple trees, were performed weekly before irrigation in the selected episode during the irrigation season. Concurrently, in all irrigation season, soil water content (SWC) in the different soil layers (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm, 90-120 cm) was also monitored at the apple orchard. All observations were evaluated between each other after harvest of apple trees. Study results showed that SWC was fluctuated between field capacity (FC) and permeant wilting point (PWP) during irrigation season. SWC did not fulfill until 50% of amount of allowable depletion in the apple orchard’s soil profile except some high rainy days. LWP, gs and PAR were increased by increasing of SWC in all soil layers. The strongest relationship for all correlations in all soil layers was obtained in 30-60 cm soil layers at the apple orchard. It was found that LWP had strong relationships with PAR (R2=0.84) while LWP~gs relationships were weak (R2=0.53). In this study, according to observations, it could be stated that apple trees to irrigation water under grower condition was not satisfied. Finally, a proper irrigation scheduling was needed for such as apple orchards even though precipitation was frequently happened in the summer.

References

  • Aslantas¸ R., R. Cakmakci and F. Sahin. 2007. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions. Sci. Hortic, 111:371-377.
  • Black, B. and G. Cardon. 2008. Orchard irrigation: Apple. horticulture. https://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Horticulture_Fruit_2008-01pr.pdf. (accessed January 31, 2016).
  • Cieslak, M., C. Lemieux, J. Hanan and P.Prusinkiewicz. 2008. Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation of the light environment of plants. Funct. Plant Biol. 35:837-849.
  • Da Silva, D., L. Han and E.Costes. 2014. Light interception efficiency of apple trees: a multiscale computational study based on MAppleT. Ecol. Model. 290:45-53.
  • Dağdelen, N., H. Basal, E.Yılmaz, T.Gurbuz and S.Akcay. 2009. Different drip irrigation treatments affect cotton yield, water use efficiency and fiber quality in western Turkey. Agric. Water Manag. 96:111-120.
  • DPDA. 2014. Activity report of Düzce provincial directorate of agriculture. Düzce Provincial Directorate of Agriculture (DPDA), Düzce, Turkey. (In Turkish)
  • Ebel, R.C., L.E. Proebsting and E.M. Patterson. 1993. Regulated deficit irrigation may alter apple maturity, quality, and storage life. Hortscience 28:141-143.
  • FAO. 2015. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Roma, Italy. http://www.fao.org (accessed January 28, 2016).
  • Forrester, D. I., S. Theiveyanathan, J.J. Collopy and N.E. Marcar. 2010. Enhanced water use efficiency in a mixed Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii plantation. Forest Ecol. Mgmt. 259:1761-1770.
  • Foyer, C.H. and S. Shigeoka. 2011. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant functions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 155:93-100.
  • Francesconi, A.H.D., A.N. Lakso and S.S. Denning. 1997. Light and temperature effects on whole-canopy net carbon dioxide exchange rates of apple trees. Acta Hort. 451:287-294.
  • Garnier, E. and A.Berger. 1985. Testing water potential in peach trees as an indicator of water stress. J. Hort. Sci. 60:47-56.
  • Greer, D.H. 2015. Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic response to CO2 and temperature in apple (Malus domestica cv. ‘Red Gala’) leaves during a growing season with a high temperature event. Funct. Plant Biol. 42:309-324.
  • Jones, H. G. 2004. Irrigation scheduling: Advantages and pitfalls of plant-based methods. J. Exp. Botany 55:2427-2436.
  • Kaska, N. and A.Kuden. 1992. Researches on adaptation of some apples varieties to highland conditions in Turkey. 1th Horticulture Congress of Turkey, Volume 1. İzmir, 13-16 October 1992, pp. 519-526. (In Turkish)
  • Kanber R. 1999. Pan evaporation methods used for estimation of crop evapotranspiration. In: Workshop on Experimental Methodologies for Determining Evapotranspiration: Review and Revision, Adana, 6–12December 1998, pp. 1-211.
  • Kirnak, H., E. Dogan, M. Alpaslan, S.Celik, E.Boydak and O. Copur. 2008. Drought stress imposed at different reproductive stages influences growth, yield and seed composition of soybean. Philippine Agr. Sci. 91:261-268.
  • Kuscu, H., A. Turhan, N. Ozmen, P. Aydinol and A.O. Demir. 2014. Optimizing levels of water and nitrogen applied through drip irrigation for yield, quality, and water productivity of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 55:103-114.
  • Lampinen, B., G. Browne, S.Upadhyaya, V. Udompetaikul, D. Slaughter, S. Metcalf, W. Stewart, M. Contador, R. Duncan, J. Edstrom, B. Holtz, B. Krueger and F. Niederholzer. 2009. Development and testing of a mobile platform for measuring canopy light interception and water stress in almond. Almond Board of California. Annual Research Report.
  • Lampinen, B., K. Shackel, S. Southwick and W. Olson. 2001. Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stem water potential in prune. Irrig. Sci. 20:47-54.
  • Leeuwen, C.V., O. Tregoat, B.B. Chone, D. Pernet and J.P. Gaudillere. 2009. Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purpose? J. Int. Sci. Vigne. Vin. 43:121-134.
  • Li, X.Y., P.L. Yang, S.M. Ren, Y.K. Li, H.L. Liu, J. Du, P. Li, C. Wang and L. Ren. 2010. Modeling cherry orchard evapotranspiration based on an improved dual-source model. Agric. Water Mgmt. 98:12-18.
  • Nielsen, D. and G.H. Nielsen. 2012. Efficient use of nitrogen and water in high-density apple orchards. HortTechnolgy 12:19-25.
  • Özmen, S. 2013. Irrigation water use and water table in Düzce area. Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology 1:47-57. (In Turkish)
  • Özmen, S., R. Kanber, P. Steduto, M. Ünlü, Y. Aydin and K. Diker. 2015. Distribution of water loss via evapotranspiration in a pistachio tree orchard under drip irrigation and non-irrigation conditions. Soil and Water Res. 10:56-63.
  • Richards, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agriculture Handbook. No. 60, Washington, D.C., United States Department of Agriculture.
  • Rosati, A., S.G. Metcalf, R.P. Buchner, A.E. Fulton and B.D. Lampinen. 2007. Effects of kaolin application on light absorption and distribution, radiation use efficiency and photosynthesis of almond and walnut canopies. Ann. Bot. 99:255-263.
  • Schulze, E.D. 1986. Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in response to drought in the atmosphere and in the soil. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 37:247-274.
  • Wang, B, B.J. Fu, G.Y. Gao, X.L. Yao and J. Zhou. 2012. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration of different land cover types in the Loess Plateau, China. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 16:2883-2892.
  • Wu, S., D. Liang and F. Ma. 2014. Leaf micromorphology and sugar may contribute to differences in drought tolerance for two apple cultivars. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 80:249-258.
Year 2016, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 0 - 0, 19.09.2016

Abstract

References

  • Aslantas¸ R., R. Cakmakci and F. Sahin. 2007. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions. Sci. Hortic, 111:371-377.
  • Black, B. and G. Cardon. 2008. Orchard irrigation: Apple. horticulture. https://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Horticulture_Fruit_2008-01pr.pdf. (accessed January 31, 2016).
  • Cieslak, M., C. Lemieux, J. Hanan and P.Prusinkiewicz. 2008. Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation of the light environment of plants. Funct. Plant Biol. 35:837-849.
  • Da Silva, D., L. Han and E.Costes. 2014. Light interception efficiency of apple trees: a multiscale computational study based on MAppleT. Ecol. Model. 290:45-53.
  • Dağdelen, N., H. Basal, E.Yılmaz, T.Gurbuz and S.Akcay. 2009. Different drip irrigation treatments affect cotton yield, water use efficiency and fiber quality in western Turkey. Agric. Water Manag. 96:111-120.
  • DPDA. 2014. Activity report of Düzce provincial directorate of agriculture. Düzce Provincial Directorate of Agriculture (DPDA), Düzce, Turkey. (In Turkish)
  • Ebel, R.C., L.E. Proebsting and E.M. Patterson. 1993. Regulated deficit irrigation may alter apple maturity, quality, and storage life. Hortscience 28:141-143.
  • FAO. 2015. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Roma, Italy. http://www.fao.org (accessed January 28, 2016).
  • Forrester, D. I., S. Theiveyanathan, J.J. Collopy and N.E. Marcar. 2010. Enhanced water use efficiency in a mixed Eucalyptus globulus and Acacia mearnsii plantation. Forest Ecol. Mgmt. 259:1761-1770.
  • Foyer, C.H. and S. Shigeoka. 2011. Understanding oxidative stress and antioxidant functions to enhance photosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 155:93-100.
  • Francesconi, A.H.D., A.N. Lakso and S.S. Denning. 1997. Light and temperature effects on whole-canopy net carbon dioxide exchange rates of apple trees. Acta Hort. 451:287-294.
  • Garnier, E. and A.Berger. 1985. Testing water potential in peach trees as an indicator of water stress. J. Hort. Sci. 60:47-56.
  • Greer, D.H. 2015. Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic response to CO2 and temperature in apple (Malus domestica cv. ‘Red Gala’) leaves during a growing season with a high temperature event. Funct. Plant Biol. 42:309-324.
  • Jones, H. G. 2004. Irrigation scheduling: Advantages and pitfalls of plant-based methods. J. Exp. Botany 55:2427-2436.
  • Kaska, N. and A.Kuden. 1992. Researches on adaptation of some apples varieties to highland conditions in Turkey. 1th Horticulture Congress of Turkey, Volume 1. İzmir, 13-16 October 1992, pp. 519-526. (In Turkish)
  • Kanber R. 1999. Pan evaporation methods used for estimation of crop evapotranspiration. In: Workshop on Experimental Methodologies for Determining Evapotranspiration: Review and Revision, Adana, 6–12December 1998, pp. 1-211.
  • Kirnak, H., E. Dogan, M. Alpaslan, S.Celik, E.Boydak and O. Copur. 2008. Drought stress imposed at different reproductive stages influences growth, yield and seed composition of soybean. Philippine Agr. Sci. 91:261-268.
  • Kuscu, H., A. Turhan, N. Ozmen, P. Aydinol and A.O. Demir. 2014. Optimizing levels of water and nitrogen applied through drip irrigation for yield, quality, and water productivity of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Hort. Environ. Biotechnol. 55:103-114.
  • Lampinen, B., G. Browne, S.Upadhyaya, V. Udompetaikul, D. Slaughter, S. Metcalf, W. Stewart, M. Contador, R. Duncan, J. Edstrom, B. Holtz, B. Krueger and F. Niederholzer. 2009. Development and testing of a mobile platform for measuring canopy light interception and water stress in almond. Almond Board of California. Annual Research Report.
  • Lampinen, B., K. Shackel, S. Southwick and W. Olson. 2001. Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stem water potential in prune. Irrig. Sci. 20:47-54.
  • Leeuwen, C.V., O. Tregoat, B.B. Chone, D. Pernet and J.P. Gaudillere. 2009. Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purpose? J. Int. Sci. Vigne. Vin. 43:121-134.
  • Li, X.Y., P.L. Yang, S.M. Ren, Y.K. Li, H.L. Liu, J. Du, P. Li, C. Wang and L. Ren. 2010. Modeling cherry orchard evapotranspiration based on an improved dual-source model. Agric. Water Mgmt. 98:12-18.
  • Nielsen, D. and G.H. Nielsen. 2012. Efficient use of nitrogen and water in high-density apple orchards. HortTechnolgy 12:19-25.
  • Özmen, S. 2013. Irrigation water use and water table in Düzce area. Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology 1:47-57. (In Turkish)
  • Özmen, S., R. Kanber, P. Steduto, M. Ünlü, Y. Aydin and K. Diker. 2015. Distribution of water loss via evapotranspiration in a pistachio tree orchard under drip irrigation and non-irrigation conditions. Soil and Water Res. 10:56-63.
  • Richards, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agriculture Handbook. No. 60, Washington, D.C., United States Department of Agriculture.
  • Rosati, A., S.G. Metcalf, R.P. Buchner, A.E. Fulton and B.D. Lampinen. 2007. Effects of kaolin application on light absorption and distribution, radiation use efficiency and photosynthesis of almond and walnut canopies. Ann. Bot. 99:255-263.
  • Schulze, E.D. 1986. Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange in response to drought in the atmosphere and in the soil. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 37:247-274.
  • Wang, B, B.J. Fu, G.Y. Gao, X.L. Yao and J. Zhou. 2012. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration of different land cover types in the Loess Plateau, China. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 16:2883-2892.
  • Wu, S., D. Liang and F. Ma. 2014. Leaf micromorphology and sugar may contribute to differences in drought tolerance for two apple cultivars. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 80:249-258.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selçuk Özmen

Publication Date September 19, 2016
Submission Date February 23, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özmen, S. (2016). Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(3).
AMA Özmen S. Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area. JOTAF. September 2016;13(3).
Chicago Özmen, Selçuk. “Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 13, no. 3 (September 2016).
EndNote Özmen S (September 1, 2016) Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 13 3
IEEE S. Özmen, “Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area”, JOTAF, vol. 13, no. 3, 2016.
ISNAD Özmen, Selçuk. “Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 13/3 (September 2016).
JAMA Özmen S. Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area. JOTAF. 2016;13.
MLA Özmen, Selçuk. “Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area”. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 3, 2016.
Vancouver Özmen S. Apple Tree Responses to Irrigation under the Grower Condition in the Climate of Düzce Area. JOTAF. 2016;13(3).