Sera Koşullarında Farklı Yetiştirme Ortamlarının Domates, Hıyar ve Biberde Bitki Gelişimi ve Verimi ile Domateste Fide Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 112 - 120, 30.05.2019

Muhittin Çelebi

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.332857

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışma, değişik yetiştirme ortamlarının yörede yaygın olarak yetiştirilen domates, hıyar ve biber bitkilerinin gelişme ve verimleri ile domates tohumunun çimlenmesine ve fide kalitesine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Hibrit fantastik ve salkım domates çeşitleri, Demre sivrisi biber ve yerli hıyar tohumları kullanılmış, yetişme ortamı olarak hacim üzerinden %62 torf %38 perlitten oluşan karışım II,%29 torf %71 perlitten oluşan karışım 1, yalnız perlit, yalnız torf ile 1:1:1 oranında dişli dere kumu, yanmış hayvan gübresi ve killi tınlı topraktan oluşan harç kullanılmıştır. Her bitki için her yetişme ortamından 6 adet saksı kullanılmıştır. tohumlar için çimlenme ortamı olarak %50 torf,%50 perlitten oluşan karışım, yalnız perlit, yalnız torf, 1:1 oranında üstü perlit altı torf olan 2 katmanlı ortam ile 1:1:1 oranında dişli dere kumu+yanmış hayvan gübresi + perlitten oluşan harç kullanılmıştır. Bu ortamlar kullanılarak hazırlanan 45 gözlü fide viyollerine 14 Nisanda tohumlar yerleştirilmiştir. Fidede tüm bitkilerde en yüksek çimlenme oranı ve en iyi fide kalitesi %96 ile yalnız torf ile üstü perlit altı torf olan ortamda gerçekleşmiştir. %50 torf %50 perlit karışımı %94’le ikinci, yalnızca perlit %88’le üçüncü,1:1:1 oranında toprak, gübre, perlit karışımı %57 ile son sırayı almıştır. Her iki domates çeşidinde de karışım II, Biberde ve Hıyarda karışım 1 ile en yüksek verim elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

torf, perlit, karışım, harç, yetiştirme ortamı

Effects of Different Growing Media on The Yield in Tomato, Cucumber and Pepper, and on Seedling in Tomato

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different growth media on the yield of tomato, cucumber and pepper, which are widely grown in the area; and on the germination and seedling quality of tomato seeds. The study was established with 4 plant types x 5 growth media x 6 repetitions;120 pots in total for 2 vegetation periods. Fantastic and Truss tomatoes,Demre long green pepper,and local cucumber seedlings were used in the study. Mixture1and Mixture2 consisted of peat and perlite and Mixture3 consisted of soil+ animal manure + perlite. The seedlings were distracted in pots containing the Mixture1, Mixture2, Mixture3, mere perlite and mere peat. As the germination media for the seeds, the mixture consisting of peat and perlite; and the mixture consisting of soil, animal manure, perlite, angular stream sand. The seeds were planted in seedling trays with 45 cells. The highest germination rate was obtained in the media with upper part perlite and lower part peat and mere peat medium with 96%. The 50% peat 50% perlite mixture was the second best with 94%. In Truss tomatoes, Mixture1; in Fantastic tomatoes, Mixture2; in Pepper and Cucumber, Mixture 1 gave the highest fruit yield and plant height.

Keywords

Peat, perlite, tomatoes, pepper, cucumber

References

• Referans1 Abad, M., Noguera, P. and Bures, S. (2001). National inventory of organic wastes for use of growing media for ornamental potted plant production: case study in Spain. Bioresource Technology 77(2): 197–200
• Referans2 Arenas M, Vavrina CS, Cornell JA, Hanlon EA, Hochmuth GJ (2002) Coir as an alternative to peat in media for tomato transplant production. HortScience 37: 309–312. Retrieved from http://hortsci.ashspublications.org
• Referans3 Atiyeh RM, Subler S, Edwards CA, Bachman G, Metzger JD, Shuster W (2000) Effects of vermicomposts and composts on plant growth in horticultural container media and soil. Pedobiologia 44: 579–590. doi:10.1078/s 0031-4056(04)70073-6
• Referans4 Bachman GR, Metzger JD (2008) Growth of bedding plants in commercial potting substrate amended with vermicompost. Bioresour Technol 99: 3155–3161. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.069
• Referans5 Bugbee, G.J. and Frink, C.R. (1986). Aeration pf potting media and plant growth. Soil Sci. 141: 438–41
• Referans6 Ceglie FG, Elshafie H, Verrastro V, Tittarelli F (2011) Evaluation of olive pomace and green waste composts as peat substitutes for organic tomato seedling production. Compost Sci Util 19:293–300. doi:10.1080/1065657x.2011.10737011
• Referans7 Chalker-Scott, L. (2014) The Myth of Permanent Peatlands. Extension Urban Horticulture, Washington State University. http://puyallup.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/403/2015/03/horticultural-peat.pdf
• Referans8 Danaher,J. J., Pickens,J. M., Sibley,J. L., Chappel,lJ. A,. Hanson,T. R., Boyd,C. E. 2016. Tomato seedling growth response to different water sources and a substrate partially replaced with dewatered aquaculture effluent. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult DOI 10.1007/s40093-016-0114-x.
• Referans9 De Boodt M, Verdonck O (1972). The physical properties of the substrates in horticulture. Acta Hortic. 26:37-44.
• Referans10 Do, T.C.V., Scherer, H.W. 2013. Compost as growing media component for salt-sensitive plants. Plant Soil Environ.Vol. 59, 2013, No. 5: 214–220
• Referans11 Evans MR, Gachukia M (2004) Fresh parboiled rice hulls serve as an alternative to perlite in greenhouse crop substrates. HortScience 39:232–235. Retrieved from http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/
• Referans12 Fonteno, W.C., Casel, D.K. & Larson, R.A. 1981. Physical properties of three container media and their effect on poinsettia growth. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 106(6):736–741)
• Referans13 Granberry DM, Kelley WT, Langston DB Jr, Rucker KS, Diaz-Perez JC. (2001). Testing compost value on pepper transplants. BioCycle 42: 60–62. –
• Referans14 Gruda N, Schnitzler GH (2004) Suitability of wood fiber substrates for production of vegetable transplants II. The effect of wood fiber substrates and their volume weights on the growth of tomato transplants. Sci Hortic 100:333–340. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2003.09.004
• Referans15 Handreck, K.A. and Black, N.D. (2002) Growing Media for Ornamental Plants and Peat. UNSW Press.
• Referans16 Herrera F, Castillo JE, Chica AF, Lopez Bellido L (2008) Use of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) as a growing medium in the nursery production of tomato plants. Bioresour Technol 99:287–296. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.042
• Referans17 İlbay,E., Mavi,F., Budak, E. Z., Gökşen, F. and Ülgür,S. Z. 2015. TR63 Bölgesi Seracılık (Örtüaltı Bitki Yetiştiriciliği) Sektör Raporu. Doğu Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı ( DOĞAKA). http://www.dogaka.gov.tr/Icerik/Dosya/www.dogaka.gov.tr_622_LK5L43WG_Seracilik-ortualti-Bitki-Yetistiriciligi-Sektor-Raporu-2015.pdf
• Referans18 Ingram, D. L., R. W. Henley, and T. H. Yeager (2003). Growth media for container grown ornamental plants. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, BUL 241.
• Referans19 Janet F.M. Rippy1 , Mary M. Peet1 , Frank J. Louws3 , Paul V. Nelson1 , David B. Orr1 , and Kenneth A. Sorensen. 2004. Plant Development and Harvest Yields of Greenhouse Tomatoes in Six Organic Growing Systems. HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 39(2), pp. 223-229.
• Referans20 Jankauskienė,J., Brazaitytė,A., Bobinas,Č., Duchovskis, P. 2013. Effect of Transplant Growth Stage on Tomato Productıvıty. Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus 12(2) 2013, 143-152.
• Referans21 Kasmi, A., Latigui, A., Metai, K., Sahli, B., Dilem, A. (2012) Use of sewage sludge and fiber palm co-compost as components of substrates Lycopersicum esculentum and Cucumis melo cultivated in soilless crop. Am J Plant Physiol 7:92–103. doi:10.3923/ajpp.2012.97.103
• Referans22 Kreen, S., Svensson, M., Rumpunen, K. 2002. Rooting of Clematis microshoots and stem cuttings in different substrates. Scientia Horticulturae 96: 351-357.
• Referans23 Lazcano, C., J. Arnold, A. Tato, J.G. Zaller, and J. Dominguez. 2009. Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components: effects on tomato plant growth and morphology. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 7:944-951.
• Referans24 Mathur, S. P., and B. Voisin (1996). The use of compost as greenhouse growth media. Final report, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Ontario.
• Referans25 Michiels, P., Hartmann, R. and Coussens, C. 1993. Physical properties of peat in an ebb/flood irrigation system. Acta Hort., 342: 205–219.
• Referans26 Nichols M.A., Savidov N.A. (2009): Evaluation of greenhouse substrates containing zeolite. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 843: 297–302.
• Referans27 Olympios, C.M. 1992. Soilless media under protected cultivation. Rockwool, peat, perlite and other substrates. Acta Horticulturae 323: 215-234.
• Referans28 Peet, M.M. & Welles, G. 2005. Greenhouse tomato production. In E. Heuvelink, ed. Tomatoes, p. 257–304. CABI Publishing.
• Referans29 Poole, R.T., C.A. Conover and J.N. Joiner. 1981. Soils and potting mixtures. In J. N. Joiner (ed.) Foliage Plant Production. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. pp. 179-202.
• Referans30 Popescu, G. C. and Popescu, M. 2015. Effects of different potting growing media for Petunia grandiflora and Nicotiana alata Link & Otto on photosynthetic capacity, leaf area, and flowering potential, Chilean Journal of Agrıcultural Research 75(1)
• Referans31 Raviv, M., Chen, Y., Inbar, Y., 1986. Peat and peat substitutes as growth media for container-grown plants. In: Chen, Y., Avnimelech, Y. (Eds.), The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 257–287
• Referans32 Raviv, M., R. Wallach, A. Silber and A. Bar-Tal, 2002. Substrates and their analysis. In: Hydroponic production of vegetables and ornamentals (Savvas, D., Passam, H., eds). Athens: Embryo Publications, pp: 25- 101.
• Referans33 Reinhofer, M., Lettmayer, G., and Taferner, K.:2004. TorferstatzprodukteTorfersatz durch biogene Rest- und Abfallstoffe – Vorprojekt,Endbericht – Modul B, Institut fuer Nachhaltige Techniken undSystem – Joints, Frohnleiten, Austria, 44, 2004.
• Referans34 Şahin, Ü. Özdeniz, A, Zülkadir, A., Alan, R. 1998. The Effects of Different Growing Media on Yield, Quality and Growth of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Grown and Irrigated by Drip Irrigation Method Under the Greenhoues Conditions.Tr.J.of Agriculture and Forestry , 22,71-79.
• Referans35 Sahin, U., O. Anapali, and S. Ercisli (2002). Physicochemical and physical properties of some substrates used in horticulture. Gartenbauwissenschaft 67:55-60.
• Referans36 Sahin, U., and O. Anapali (2006). Addition of pumice affects physical properties of soil used for container grown plants. Agric. Conspec. Sci. 71:59-64
• Referans37 Şirin,U., Ertan, E., Ertan, B. 2010. Growth substrates and fig nursery tree production. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), v.67, n.6, p.633-638, November/December 2010.
• Referans38 Schmilewski, G.2008. The Role of peat in assuring the quality of growingmedia, Mires Peat, 3, 1–8.
• Referans39 Tsakaldimi M (2006). Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) core and rice hulls ascomponents of container media for growing Pinus halepensis M. seedlings. Bioresource Technology 97: 1631–1639.],
• Referans40 Verdonck, O. 1991. Horticultural Substrates. International Course on Vegetable Production. Wageningen, The Netherlands. p. 95.
• Referans41 Wilson SB, Stoffella PJ, Graetz DA (2001) Evaluation of compost as an amendment to commercial mixes used for container-grown golden shrimp plant production. HortTechnology 11: 31–35
• Referans42 Wohanka, W. 2002. Nutrient solution disinfection. In D. Savvas & H.C. Passam, eds. Hydroponic production of vegetables and ornamentals, p. 345–372. Embryo Publications, Athens, Greece.
• Referans43 Yılmaz, E., Sönmez, I., Demir, H. 2014. Effects of Zeolite on Seedling Quality and Nutrient Contents of Cucumber Plant (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Mostar F1) Grown in Different Mixtures of Growing Media Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Volume 45, 2014 - Issue 21
• Referans44 Zeidan, O. 2005. Tomato production under protected conditions. Israeli Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Extension Service.