Effect of Cyclotrichium niveum Essential Oil on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and in vitro Digestibility of Barley

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 138 - 145, 30.12.2020

Zeynep Şahan , Ahmet Tel , Harun Kutay

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.746843

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The digestibility of feed in ruminants and the volatile fatty acids (VFA) resulting from digestion directly affect animal performance. It has long been studied on the use of essential oils as an alternative to antibiotics to ensure optimum conditions for the rumen environment. Cyclotrichium niveum (mountain mint) essential oil is rich in antimicrobial agents. In this study different doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L of culture fluid) of Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil was incubated 24 hours with barley in diluted ruminal fluid takes from fistulated cows fed with a 40:60 concentrate:forage diet in order to assess the effects on rumen microbial fermentation and in vitro true digestibility of barley. True digestibility of barley was determined in ANKOM Daisy Incubator. All doses of Cyclotrichium niveum significantly (P<0.001) decreased the in vitro dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of barley. Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil negatively affected end-products of rumen fermentation; the value of the measured rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA: acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyric acid, valerate and isovalerate) significantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.001). Carbon dioxide and methane gases created as a result of incubation in rumen fluid were calculated using volatile fatty acid values formed in rumen fluid. The addition of Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil significantly reduces the CO2 in rumen fluid (P<0.001). Methane (CH4) gas from rumen fluid was significantly decreased in treatment groups compared the control group (P <0.001) While end-products of rumen fermentation parameters significantly decreased with all doses of Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil, rumen pH has increased (P<0.05). The results show that when the Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil incubated with barley significantly inhibited the rumen microbial activity and overall fermentation process of rumen.

Keywords

Cyclotrichium niveum, Digestibility, Barley, Essential Oil, Methane, Mountain mint

Supporting Institution

Adıyaman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

KMYOBAP/2014-0003

Thanks

The author is very thankful for the support of project the Adiyaman University Scientific Research Projects (KMYOBAP/2014-0003)

Effect of Cyclotrichium niveum Essential Oil on Rumen Microbial Fermentation and in vitro Digestibility of Barley

Abstract

Ruminantlarda yemin sindirilebilirliği ve sindirim sonucu ortaya çıkan uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA) hayvan performansını doğrudan etkiler. Rumen ortamı için optimum koşulları sağlamak amacıyla, antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak uçucu yağların kullanımı üzerinde uzun zamandır çalışılmaktadır. Cyclotrichium niveum (dağ nanesi) esansiyel yağı antimikrobiyal ajanlar açısından zengindir. Bu çalışmada rumen mikrobiyal fermantasyonu ve arpanın in vitro gerçek sindirilebilirliği üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek için farklı dozlardaki (0, 50, 100 ve 150 mg / L kültür sıvısı) Cyclotrichium niveum esansiyel yağı, 40:60 konsantre: kaba yem ile beslenen fistüle edilmiş ineklerden alınan seyreltilmiş ruminal sıvı içinde 24 saat süreyle arpa ile inkübe edilmiştir. Arpanın gerçek kuru madde (KM), organik madde (OM) ve nötral deterjan lif (NDF) sindirilebilirlikleri ANKOM Daisy İnkübatörde belirlenmiştir. Tüm Cyclotrichium niveum dozları arpanın in vitro kuru madde (KM), organik madde (OM), nötral deterjan lif (NDF) sindirilebilirliğini önemli ölçüde azaltmış (P<0.001), Cyclotrichium niveum esansiyel yağının rumen fermantasyonu son ürünlerini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Ölçülen rumen uçucu yağ asitleri (UYA: asetat, propiyonat, bütirat, izobütirik asit, valerat ve izo valerat) değerleri kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde azalmıştır (P <0.001). Rumen sıvısında inkübasyon sonucu oluşan karbondioksit ve metan gazları rumen sıvısında oluşan uçucu yağ asiti değerleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Cyclotrichium niveum uçucu yağının eklenmesi rumen sıvısındaki CO2'i önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır (P <0.001). Rumen sıvısından ölçülen metan (CH4) gazı deneme gruplarında kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azalmıştır (P <0.001), rumen fermantasyonunun son ürünleri, Cyclotrichium niveum uçucu yağının tüm dozlarıyla önemli ölçüde azalırken, rumen pH'ı artmıştır (P <0.05). Sonuçlar, arpa ile inkübe edilen Cyclotrichium niveum uçucu yağının rumen mikrobiyal aktivitesini ve rumen genel fermantasyon sürecini önemli ölçüde inhibe ettiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Cyclotrichium Niveum, sindirilebilirlik, Arpa, Esansiyel Yağ, Metan, Dağ nanesi

Project Number

KMYOBAP/2014-0003

References

• Alim, A., Goze, I., Çetin, A., Atas, A.D., Vural, N. and Dönmez, E. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. Et Scheng. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3: 422-425.
• ANKOM Technology. (2005). In Vitro True Digestibility Using the DAISYII Incubator. ANKOM Technology
• AOAC. (2007). Official Methods of Analysis. 19th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists; Washington, DC
• Belanche, A., Ramos-Morales, E. and Newbold, C.J. (2016). In vitro screening of natural feed additives from crustaceans, diatoms, seaweeds and plant extracts to manipulate rumen fermentation. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 96: 3069–3078.
• Belanche, A., Kingston-Smith, A.H., Griffith, G.W. and Newbold, C.J. (2019). A Multi-Kingdom Study Reveals the Plasticity of the Rumen Microbiota in Response to a Shift From Non-grazing to Grazing Diets in Sheep. Front Microbiology, 10: 122
• Benchaar, C., Calsamiglia, S., Chaves, A.V., Fraser, G.R., Colombatto, D., McAllister, T.A. and Beauchemin, K.A. (2008). A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145: 209-228.
• Benchaar, C., Hassanat, F., and Petit, H.V. (2015). Dose-response to eugenol supplementation to dairy cow diets: methane production, N excretion, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, milk production, and milk fatty acid profile. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 209: 51–59
• Broudiscou, L.P. and Lassalas, B. (2000). Effects of Lavandula officinalis and Equisetum arvense dry extracts and isoquercitrin on the fermentation of diets varying in forage contents by rumen micro-organisms in batch culture. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 40: 431–440.
• Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P.W., Castillejos, L. and Ferret, A. (2007). Invited review: Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(6): 2580-2595.
• Cardozo, P.W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. (2004). Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. Journal of Animal Science, 82(11): 3230-3236.
• Cardozo, P.W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. (2005). Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 83(11): 2572–2579.
• Chaves, A.V., Stanford, K., Dugan, M.E.R., Gibson, L.L., McAllister, T.A., Van Herk, F. and Benchaar, C. (2008). Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Livestock Science, 117: 215-224.
• Gursoy, N., Sihoglu-Tepe, A., and Tepe, B. (2009). Determination of in vitro antioxidative and antimicrobial properties and total phenolic contents of Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum and Mentha longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12(3): 684-689.
• Gulcin, I., Tel, A.Z. and Kirecci, E. (2008). Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antifungal, and Antiradical Activities of Cyclotrichium Niveum (BOISS.) Manden and Scheng, International Journal of Food Properties, 11(2): 450-471.
• Kamel, C., Greathead, H.M.R., Tejido, M.L., Ranilla, M.J. and Carro, M.D. (2007). Effects of allicin and diallyl disulfi de on in vitro rumen fermentation of a mixed diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 145: 351-363.
• Khiaosa-ard, R. and Zebeli, Q. (2013). Meta-analysis of the effects of essential oils and their bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation characteristics and feed efficiency in ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, 91(4): 1819-1830.
• Malecky, M., Broudiscou, L.P. and Schmidely, P. (2009). Effects of two levels of monoterpene blend on rumen fermentation, terpene and nutrient flows in the duodenum and milk production in dairy goats. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 154: 24-35.
• Önenç, S.S., Açıkgöz, Z., Kırkpınar, F., Küme, T., Tuğalay, Ç.Ş. and Bayraktar, Ö.H. (2016). Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of The Essential Oils of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Journal of Animal Production, 57(2): 7-14.
• Patra, A.K. and Yu, Z. (2012). Effects of Essential Oils on Methane Production and Fermentation by, and Abundance and Diversity of, Rumen Microbial Populations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78(12): 4271-4280.
• Van Soest, P.J. (1963). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. Journal of Association of the Official Analytical Chemists, 46: 829-835.
• Van Soest, P.J. and Wine, R.H. (1975). The use of detergents in the analysis of fibre feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of Association of the Official Analytical Chemists, 50: 50-55.
• Wallace, R.J. (2004). Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 63: 621-629.
• Yadeghari, S., Malecky, M., Dehghan Banadaky, M. and Navidshad, B. (2015). Evaluating in vitro dose-response effects of Lavandula officinalis essential oil on rumen fermentation characteristics, methane production and ruminal acidosis. Veterinary Research Forum, 6(4): 285-293.