Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality Traits of Industrial Tomato

Year 2021, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 213 - 221, 01.05.2021

Ahmet Turhan Neşe Özmen

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.741367

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Increasing plant production by protecting the environment is one of the main goals of today's agriculture. On the other hand, the use of both inorganic and organic fertilizers is becoming increasingly extensive. This study was carried out in field conditions to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield and quality characteristics of industrial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Heinz 1015 F1). For this purpose, contents of fruit total soluble solid contents, total dry matter, titratable acidity, lycopene, total carotenoids, and vitamin C contents and yield (marketable yield and paste yield) were determined. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. There were seven experimental treatments as of control (without fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, organic farmyard manure, sheep manure, poultry manure, vermicompost and leonardite. According to the research results, the highest marketable and tomato paste yield were obtained from chemical fertilizer, followed by organic fertilizers and the lowest values were obtained from the control. As compared to chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers influenced fruit quality attributes more positively. The highest lycopene, total carotenoid and vitamin C contents were obtained from organic fertilizers, especially from poultry manure. Fruit soluble solids and dry matter contents, important processing traits assumed by tomato industry, were obtained from poultry manure treatments. Fruits from leonardite-treated plants had considerably higher titratable acidity levels. Except for total dry matter and titratable acidity, lowest values of quality parameters considered important in industrial tomatoes were obtained from unfertilized (control) plots. Present findings revealed that chemical fertilizers were essential for high and economic yield levels in tomato farming, but organic fertilizers should also be supplemented to improve tomato fruit quality attributes.

Keywords

yield, quality, organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers, tomato

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizer Treatments on Yield and Quality Traits of Industrial Tomato

Abstract

Çevreyi koruyarak bitkisel üretimi artırmak günümüz tarımının ana hedeflerinden birisidir. Diğer yandan, inorganik ve organik gübrelerin kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Bu çalışma organik ve inorganik gübrelemenin domatesin (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Heinz 1015 F1) verim ve kalite özelliklerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla tarla koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla domates meyvesinde toplam suda çözülebilir kuru madde, toplam kuru madde, titre edilebilir asitlik, likopen, toplam karotenoid ve C vitamin içerikleri ile verim (pazarlanabilir meyve ve salça verimi) belirlenmiştir. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine uygun olarak, 3 tekrarlamalı olarak planlanmış ve domates bitkilerine kontrol (gübre uygulanmayan), kimyasal gübre, organik çiftlik gübresi, koyun gübresi, tavuk gübresi, solucan gübresi ve leonardit olmak üzere yedi farklı gübre uygulaması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, domateste en yüksek pazarlanabilir meyve verimi ve salça verimi kimyasal gübrelemeden elde edilirken, bunu organik gübreler izlemiş ve en düşük verim değerleri kontrol uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Organik gübrelerin kullanımı, meyve kalite özelliklerini kimyasal gübrelere göre daha olumlu etkilemiştir. En yüksek meyve likopen, toplam karotenoid ve C vitamin içerikleri organik gübrelerden, özellikle tavuk gübresinden elde edilmiştir. Domates işleme endüstrisi için önemli sayılan meyvede suda çözünebilir katılar ve kuru madde içerikleri bakımından en yüksek değerler tavuk gübresinde bulunmuştur. Leonardit uygulanmış domateslerde titre edilebilir asitlik önemli derecede yüksektir. Diğer taraftan sanayi domateslerinde kalite özellikleri (toplam kuru madde ve titre edilebilir asitlik hariç) en düşük meyveler, gübre uygulanmayan domates bitkilerinden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları verimli ve ekonomik domates yetiştiriciliği için kimyasal gübrelerin gerekli olduğunu, aynı zamanda domates meyve kalitesini arttırmak için de organik gübrelerin kullanılması gerektiğini göstermiştir. 

Keywords

verim, kalite, organik gübreler, kimyasal gübreler, domates

References

• Adsule, P.G. and A. Dan. 1979. Simplified extraction procedure in the rapid spectrophotometric method for lycopene estimation in tomato. J. Food Sci. Technol. 16:216-218.
• Akıllı, M. and E. Cücü. 1996. Organik tarımda sebze yetiştiriciliğinde son gelişmeler. Hasad Dergisi, 11(128): 16-18.
• Akinremi, O.O., R.L. Janzen, R.L. Lemke, F.J. Larney. 2000. Response of canola, wheat and green beans to leonardite additions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 437-443.
• AOAC 1980. Official Methods of Analysis. 13th Ed. Washington, D.C. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
• Atkinson, N.J., T.P. Dew., C. Orfila, P.E. Urwin. 2011. In¬fluence of combined biotic and abiotic stress on nutritional quality parameters in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Jour¬nal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59: 9673–9682.
• Barrett, D.M., C. Weakley, J.V. Diaz, M. Watnik. 2007. Qualitative and nutritional differences in processing tomatoes grown under commercial organic and conventional production systems. J. Food Sci. 72(9): 441-451.
• Bilalis, D., M. Krokida, I. Roussis, P. Papastylianou, I. Travlos, N. Cheimona, A. Dede. 2018. Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on yield and quality of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Folia Hort. 30(2): 321-332.
• Bulluck, L.R., and J.B. Ristaino. 2002. Effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight, soil microbial communities, and yield of processing tomatoes, Phytopathology, 92: 181–189.
• Campos, C.A.B., P.D. Fernandez, H.R. Gheyi, F.F. Blanco, C.B. Gonçalves, S.A.F. Campos. 2006. Yield and fruit quality of industrial tomato under saline irrigation. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 63(2): 146-152.
• Cemeroğlu, B., Karadeniz, F., Özkan, M., 2003. Meyve ve Sebze işleme Teknolojisi 3. Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları No:28, S: 469-502, Ankara.
• Cemeroğlu, B. 2011. Meyve ve Sebze İşleme Teknolojisi 2. Cilt, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti. Yayınları, No:191, 636s, Ankara.
• Chang, K.H., R.Y. Wu, K.C. Chuang, T.F. Hsieh, R.S. Chung. 2010. Effects of chemical and organic fertilizers on the growth, flower quality and nutrient uptake of Anthurium andreanum, cultivated for cut flower production. Scientia Horticulturae, 125: 434-441.
• Chassy, A.W., L. Bui, E.N. Renaud, M. Van Horn, A.E. Mitchell. 2006. Three-year comparison of the content of antioxidant micro constituents and several quality characteristics in organic and conventionally managed tomatoes and bell peppers. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 8244-8252.
• Chen, JH. 2006. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. Proceedings of International Workshop on Sustained Management of the Soil-Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use. 16-20 October, 2006. Land Development Department, Bangkok, Thailand, p. 11.
• Cimrin, K.M. and I. Yılmaz. 2005. Humic acid applications to lettuce do not improve yield but do improve phosphorus availability. Acta Agri. Scand. 55: 58-63.
• Demirkıran, A.R., N. Ozbay, Y. Demir. 2012. The effect of leonardite and inorganic fertilizers on the tomato growth Tr. J. Nature Sci. 1(2): 48-52.
• DePascale, S., A. Maggio, V. Fogliano, P. Ambrosino, and A. Retieni. 2001. Irrigation with saline water improves carotenoids content and antioxidant activity of tomato. J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol. 76:447-453.
• Dursun, A., I. Guvenc, M. Turan. 2002. Effects of different levels of humic acid on seedling growth and macro and micronutrient contents of tomato and eggplant. Acta Agrobotanica, 56: 81-88.
• Ece, A., K. Saltalı, N. Eryiğit, F. Uysal. 2007. The effects of leonardite applications on climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield and the some soil properties. Journal of Agronomy, 6 (3): 480-483.
• Edmeades, D.C. 2003. The long-term effects of manures and fertilisers on soil productivity and quality: a Review. Nut. Cycl. Agroecosys. 66: 165–180.
• Güler, S. 2004. The effects of poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer on yield, quality and leaf composition of tomatoes. Derim, 24: 21-29.
• Heeb, A., B. Lundegardh, G. Savarge, T. Ericsson. 2006. Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield, taste, and nutritional quality of tomatoes. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.169(4): 535-541.
• İstanbulluoglu, S. 2012. What is leonardite? http://www.siamad.com.tr/leonard 304t-ned304r.html.
• Kalbani, F.O.S.A., M.A. Salem, A. Cheruth, S.S. Crup, A. Senthilkumar. 2016. Effect of some organic fertilizers on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). International Letters of Natural Sciences, 53: 1-9.
• Lambelet, P., M. Richelle, K. Bortlik, F. Franceschi, and M. Giori. 2009. Improving the stability of lycopene Z-isomers in isomerised tomato extracts. Food Chem. 112:156-161.
• Mahmood, F., I. Khan, U. Ashraf, T. Shahzad , S. Hussain, M. Shahid , M. Abid, S. Ullah 2017. Effects of organic and inorganic manures on maize and their residual impact on soil physico-chemical properties. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 17(1): 22-32. Marković, K., M. Hruškar, and N. Vahčić. 2006. Lycopene content of tomato products and their contribution to the lycopene intake of Croatians. Nutr. Res. 26:556-560.
• Masarirambi, M.T., M.M. Hlawe, O.T. Oseni, T.E. Sibiya. 2010. Effects of organic fertilizers on growth, yield, quality and sensory evaluation of red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘VenezaRoxa’. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 1(6): 1319-1324.
• Nileemas, G. and M.N. Sreenivasa. 2011. Influence of liquid organic manures on growth, nutrient content and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in the sterilized soil. Karantaka, J. Agric. Sci. 24: 153-157.
• Okur, N., H.H. Kayıkcıoglu, G. Tunc, Y. Tuzel. 2007. The effect of some organic amendments using in organic agriculture on microbial activity in soil. Journal of Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, 44 (2): 65-80.
• Rees, R. and K. Castle. 2002. Nitrogen recovery in soils amended with organic anures combined with inorganic fertilizers. Agronomie, 22: 739-746.
• Rickman, P.J. and D.M. Barrett. 2008. Effects of organic and conventional production systems on quality and nutritional parameters of processing tomatoes. J Sci. Food Agric. 89, 177-194.
• Şalk, A., L. Arın, M. Deveci, S. Polat. 2008. Özel Sebzecilik. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 488s, Tekirdag/Turkey.
• Serenella, N., D. Pizzeghelloa, A. Muscolob, A. Vianello, 2002. Physiological effects of humic substances on higher plants. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34: 1527-1536.
• Schnitzer, M., and M.U. Khan. 1972. Humic substances in the environment. Marcel Dekker, New York.
• Soare, R., M. Dinu, C. Babeanu. 2018. The effect of using grafted seedlings on the yield and quality of tomatoes grown in greenhouses. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 45(2): 76–82.
• Tepic, A.N., B.L. Vejicic, A.J. Takac, B.D. Kristic and L.J. Calic. 2006. Chemical heterogeneity of tomato inbred lines. Acta Period. Technol. 37:45-50.
• TUIK, 2019. Turkish Statistical Institute. Crop Production Statistics, Ankara. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul (date of access: 11.04.2020).
• Uçurum, H.Ö. 2012. The determination of residue amounts and quality characteristics of fresh and frozen tomatoes grown in organic and conventional ways. Namık Kemal University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Horticultur. Ph. D. Thesis. P. 155.
• Ulusu, F. and E. Yavuzaslanoglu. 2015. The effects of organic and synthetic fertilizers to be compare on organic tomato plants. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 8 (2): 51-53.
• Unlu, H., H. Ozdamar-Unlu, Y. Karakurt. 2010. Influence of humic acid on the antioxidant compounds in pepper fruit. J. Food Agric. Environ. 8: 434-438.
• Yıldız, H., 2004. Domates Salçası Üretiminde Elektroplazmoliz Uygulamasının Salça Kalite ve Verimi Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enst. İzmir.