Chemical Composition and Methane Production Potential of Agricultural Residues: Olive Pomace, Cottonseed Meal and Red Pepper Processing Waste

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 195 - 204

Serdar Üçok , Xufei Yang

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1513484

Abstract

Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as agricultural residues, manure, sewage, and food waste. This process involves the breakdown of these materials by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of a mixture of gases, primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), along with trace amounts of other gases like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). Biogas production from agricultural residues like olive pomace (OLV), cottonseed meal (CTM), and red pepper processing (RPP) waste holds promise for sustainable energy generation and waste management. This study investigates the chemical composition and methane production potential of these residues, emphasizing their protein, fat content, and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)/Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) ratios. Chemical analyses revealed significant variations among the materials, with cotton waste exhibiting the highest dry matter, organic matter, protein, and fat content, while pepper waste showed the highest ash content, and olive waste had the highest fiber (ADF and NDF) content. Methane production ranged from 0.34 to 0.45 m³ kg-1 of organic dry matter (ODM), with cotton displaying the highest methane yield. Biogas production ranged from 0.61 to 0.78 m³ kg-1 ODM, with cotton again yielding the highest biogas production. Methane content in biogas varied between 54.64% and 57.72%, with cotton also showing the highest methane content. At the end of the study, the dry matter (DM) and organic dry matter (ODM), ash, protein, fat, ADF, and NDF ratios of the materials were determined to be 85.51%-94.09%, 87.91%-92.92%, 7.08%-12.09%, 7.49%-15.93%, 3.76%-8.01%, 52.16%-71.07%, and 34.49%-55.58%, respectively. The materials showed chemical differences. Research highlights include the significant bioenergy potential of olive waste and cottonseed meals, alongside the environmental benefits of utilizing olive pomace for biogas production. Experimental findings reveal varying methane and biogas yields across materials, influenced by their nutrient compositions. The study underscores the viability of integrating these agricultural residues into biogas production systems, contributing to renewable energy initiatives and sustainable agricultural waste management practices.

Keywords

Biogas, methane, Agricultural organic wastes

Ethical Statement

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Tarımsal Artıkların Kimyasal Komposizyonları ve Metan Üretim Potansiyeli: Zeytin Prinası, Pamuk Tohumu Küspesi ve Kırmızı Biber İşleme Atıkları

Abstract

Biyogaz, tarımsal artıklar, gübre, kanalizasyon ve gıda atıkları gibi organik materyallerin anaerobik olarak çürütülmesi yoluyla üretilen yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağıdır. Bu işlem, oksijen yokluğunda bu malzemelerin mikroorganizmalar tarafından parçalanmasını içerir ve bunun sonucunda başta metan (CH4) ve karbon dioksit (CO2) olmak üzere bir gaz karışımının yanı sıra eser miktarda hidrojen sülfür (H2S) ve amonyak (NH3) gibi diğer gazların üretilmesi sağlanır. Zeytin posası (OLV), pamuk tohumu küspesi (CTM) ve kırmızı biber işleme (RPP) atıkları gibi tarımsal atıklardan biyogaz üretimi, sürdürülebilir enerji üretimi ve atık yönetimi için umut vaat etmektedir. Bu çalışma, bu atıkların kimyasal bileşimini ve metan üretim potansiyelini, protein, yağ içeriği ve Asit Deterjan Sellülozu (ADF)/(Nötral Deterjan Sellülozu) NDF oranlarına vurgu yaparak araştırmaktadır. Kimyasal analizler, organik materyaller arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuş; pamuk atığı en yüksek kuru madde, organik madde, protein ve yağ içeriğini gösterirken, biber atığı en yüksek kül içeriğini, zeytin atığı ise en yüksek lif (ADF ve NDF) içeriğini göstermiştir. Metan üretimi, organik kuru madde (ODM) başına 0.34 ile 0.45 m³ kg-1 arasında değişmiş ve en yüksek metan verimi pamukta gözlemlenmiştir. Biyogaz üretimi, ODM başına 0.61 ile 0.78 m³ kg-1 arasında değişmiş ve en yüksek biyogaz üretimi yine pamuk atıklarında ortaya çıkmıştır. Biyogazdaki metan içeriği %54.64 ile %57.72 arasında değişmiş ve pamuk en yüksek metan içeriğini göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda materyallerin kuru madde (KM) ve organik kuru madde (OKM), kül, protein, yağ, ADF (Asit Detergent Fibre) ve NDF (Neutral Detergent Fibre) oranları yapılan analizler sonucunda sırasıyla; %85.51-%94.09, %87.91-%92.92, %7.08-%12.09, %7.49-%15.93, %3.76-%8.01, %52.16-%71.07 ve %34.49-%55.58 olarak belirlenmiştir. Materyaller arasında kimyasal farklılıklar meydana gelmiştir. Araştırma, zeytin atığı ve pamuk tohumu küspesinin önemli biyoyakıt potansiyelini ve zeytin posasının biyogaz üretimi için kullanılmasının çevresel faydalarını vurgulamaktadır. Deneysel bulgular, besin bileşimleri farklı organik atıkların metan ve biyogaz verimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, bu tarımsal atıkların biyogaz üretim sistemlerine entegre edilmesinin yenilenebilir enerji girişimlerine ve sürdürülebilir tarımsal atık yönetimi uygulamalarına katkıda bulunma olasılığını vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Biyogaz, metan, Tarımsal organik atıklar

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