Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Anamur and Aydıncık Districts of Mersin, Türkiye in Terms of Irrigation Using Geographic Information System

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 757 - 766, 29.09.2025

Demet Köseoğlu , Hakan Arslan

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1581182

Abstract

Monitoring groundwater quality is very important in coastal areas with intensive irrigation. Excessive use of groundwater use coastal areas can lead to seawater intrusion. The quality of irrigation water significantly has a significant impact on a crop productivity and can cause soil salinization. This study was conducted to determine the quality of groundwater quality and assess its suitability for irrigation in the coastal regions of Anamur and Aydıncık districts in Mersin province. In August 2021, samples were taken from 51 groundwater wells used for greenhouse irrigations, and the values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC, Na, Mg, K, Cl, SO4, HCO3, and Ca were measured. To assess the suitability of the water for irrigation, values for %Na, PI, RSC, PS, MR, KI, and SAR were calculated. Additionally, spatial distribution maps were created for the water’s chemical properties and irrigation water quality indices. The groundwater’s EC values ranged from a minimum of 0.475 dS m⁻¹ to a maximum of 1.13 dS m⁻¹. According to the spatial distribution map, it was determined that 92.03% of the region’s groundwater quality is classified as Class 3 in terms of irrigation suitability. In 9.71% of the study area, magnesium (Mg) levels exceeded the acceptable threshold for irrigation water. Based on potential salinity (PS) values, 84.91% of the area falls within the medium class for irrigation suitability. The Permeability Index (PI) varies between 17.19 and 48.17, with an average value of 29.84. The potassium (K) values ranged from between 0.391 mg L⁻¹ to 10.557 mg L⁻¹, with 68.3% of the groundwater samples in the region exceeding the threshold value which could pose a risk for irrigation. It was determined that there were no problems in terms of SAR, KI and RSC in the groundwater samples in the area. Groundwater quality is above the limit values in some regions. Due to the intensive agricultural activities in the study area and its proximity to the coastline, it was established that groundwater extraction in the area should be controlled.

Keywords

Groundwater quality , Geographic information system , Irrigation , Seawater intrusion

Ethical Statement

There is no need to obtain permission from the ethics committee for this study.

Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Kullanılarak Mersin İli Anamur ve Aydıncık İlçelerinin Yeraltısuyu Kalitesinin Sulama Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Yoğun sulama yapılan kıyı bölgelerinde yeraltı suyu kalitesinin izlenmesi çok önemlidir. Kıyı bölgelerinde aşırı yeraltısuyu çekimi yapılması deniz suyu girişimine neden olabilmektedir. Sulama suyu kalitesi bitki verimini önemli derecede etkilemekte ve toprakta tuzlanmaya neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Mersin ili Anamur ve Aydıncık ilçelerinin kıyı bölgelerindeki yeraltısuyu kalitesini belirlemek ve sulamada kullanıla birliğini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Seraların sulanmasında kullanılan 51 adet yeraltısuyu kuyusundan Ağustos 2021 tarihinde örnek alınmış ve örneklerin pH, EC, Na, Mg, K, CI, SO4, HCO3, Ca değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Suların sulamaya uygunluğunu belirlemek için %Na, PI, RSC, PS, MR, KI, SAR değerleri belirlenmiştir. Suların kimyasal özellikleri ile sulama suyu kalite indekslerine ait değerlerin alansal dağılım haritaları hazırlanmıştır. Yeraltı sularının EC değeri en düşük 0.475 dS m-1 ve en yüksek ise 1.13 dS m-1 olarak ölçülmüş ve alansal dağılım haritasına göre bölgenin %92.03 lük kısmında yeraltısuyu kalitesinin sulamada açısından 3. Sınıf olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma alanının %9.71 lik kısmında ise Mg değerlerinin sulama suyu sınır değerinden yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Potansiyel tuzluluk (PS) değerlerine göre ise alanının %84.91 sulama açısından orta sınıfta yer almıştır. Permeabilite İndeksi (PI) değerleri 17.19 ile 48.17 arasında değişmekte olup, ortalama değeri ise 29.84 olarak ölçülmüştür. Yersularından K değerleri 0.391 mg L-1 ile 10.557 mg L-1 arasında ölçülmüş ve bölgenin % 68.3’ ündeki K değerlerinin sulama açısından sorun oluşturabilecek seviyenin üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alandaki yeraltısuyu örneklerinde SAR, KI ve RSC açısından herhangi bir sorun olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Yeraltısuyu kalitesi bazı bölgelerde sınır değerlerinin üzerindedir. Çalışma alanının yoğun tarım yapılan ve deniz kıyısına yakın bölgelerden oluşması nedeniyle, yeraltısuyu çekiminin kontrollü şekilde yapılması gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Yeraltısuyu kalitesi , Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri , Sulama , Denizsuyu girişimi

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik kuruldan izin alınmasına gerek yoktur.

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