Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement

Berna Yıldız Akdağ

doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1839345

Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement

The original article was published on December 1, 2025. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jotcsa/article/1760055

Erratum Note

On Page 257, line 5, the corrected form is 60.2SiO2-16.0B2O3-12.6Na2O3-.8Al2O3-5.7CaO-1.7ZrO20. It was corrected like 60.2SiO2-16.0B2O3-12.6Na2O-3.8Al2O3- 5.7CaO-1.7ZrO2.

Abstract

This review highlights three main topics: advancements in vitrification technology and associated issues like melter corrosion in global facilities, the chemistry and networking of glassy and frit forms of waste, and improvements in vitrified structures that enhance the properties of glass formulations. Borosilicate glass formulations offer various technical advantages for nuclear waste management, including effective bonding with fission products and actinides, resistance to radiation, simple and safe technology, and low leaching tendencies in aqueous environments. The maximum results indicate that the vitrification facility in Tarapur, India, 43.8% waste loadings with 6.4% B2O3 in the glass composition, while Savannah River Site in the USA processes waste loadings of up to 50 wt% with 6% B2O3 in the glass composition. In the IAEA-TECDOC, it is stated that considering spent fuel borosilicate glasses are suitable matrices for the immobilising up to 13 wt % of UO2 or 6 wt % of PuO2. However, borosilicate glasses may face issues when the molybdenum ratio in the waste exceeds certain limits, potentially leading to phase separation in the vitrified network. This review covers the importance of waste management policies and provides a historical overview of nuclear waste glass in different countries.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Nuclear Chemistry

Journal Section

Erratum

Authors

Berna Yıldız Akdağ ^*
0009-0000-2859-5382
Türkiye

Publication Date

January 15, 2026

Submission Date

August 11, 2025

Acceptance Date

November 2, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2026-1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1839345

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26RR28TJ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yıldız Akdağ, B. (2026). Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 2026-1, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1839345

AMA

1.Yıldız Akdağ B. Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement. JOTCSA. 2026;(2026-1):1-20. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1839345

Chicago

Yıldız Akdağ, Berna. 2026. “Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, no. 2026-1: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1839345.

EndNote

Yıldız Akdağ B (January 1, 2026) Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 2026-1 1–20.

IEEE

[1]B. Yıldız Akdağ, “Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement”, JOTCSA, no. 2026-1, pp. 1–20, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.18596/jotcsa.1839345.

ISNAD

Yıldız Akdağ, Berna. “Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry. 2026-1 (January 1, 2026): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1839345.

JAMA

1.Yıldız Akdağ B. Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement. JOTCSA. 2026;:1–20.

MLA

Yıldız Akdağ, Berna. “Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, no. 2026-1, Jan. 2026, pp. 1-20, doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1839345.

Vancouver

1.Berna Yıldız Akdağ. Phase Separation Challenges in Borosilicate Nuclear Glasses and Strategies for Vitrification Improvement. JOTCSA. 2026 Jan. 1;(2026-1):1-20. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1839345