Research Article

Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel

Number: 2026-1 May 17, 2026

Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel

Abstract

Metal naphthenates based on technical naphthenic acid (TNA) and its 280–340°C fraction were synthesized using Ni, Co, Zn, Mn, and Fe and evaluated as antistatic additives for diesel fuel. Their performance was assessed at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt.% by monitoring the electrical conductivity of treated fuels over storage time. Neat diesel fuel exhibited very low conductivity, decreasing from 85 to 77 pS/m, indicating a high tendency toward electrostatic charge accumulation. The incorporation of the synthesized metal naphthenates significantly increased conductivity, with performance strongly dependent on both the metal species and the compositional characteristics of the acid feedstock. Among the additives derived from the bulk TNA, Co- and Fe-containing systems exhibited the highest antistatic efficiency. Notably, naphthenates prepared from the 280–340°C fraction provided superior conductivity enhancement compared with those obtained from unfractionated TNA. The best result was achieved for the Fe naphthenate derived from the 280–340°C fraction, which increased the electrical conductivity of diesel fuel to 1572 pS/m after 40 days at 0.15 wt.%. The enhanced performance of fraction-derived salts is attributed to the more favorable molecular composition of the medium-boiling acid fraction, which may facilitate ion transport in the non-polar fuel medium. The findings identify Fe-based naphthenates derived from the 280–340°C fraction as promising candidates for the development of effective antistatic additives for diesel fuel applications.

Keywords

References

  1. 1. ASTM D2624-24. Standard test methods for electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels. ASTM International. 2024.
  2. 2. Touchard G. Flow electrification of liquids. J Electrostat [Internet]. 2001 May;51–52:440–7. Available from: .
  3. 3. Chevron. Static electricity hazards and prevention, Chevron Corporation. 2013.
  4. 4. Guo Q, Singh V, Behrens SH. Electric charging in nonpolar liquids because of nonionizable surfactants. Langmuir [Internet]. 2010 Mar 2;26(5):3203–7. Available from: .
  5. 5. Beunis F, Strubbe F, Karvar M, Drobchak O, Brans T, Neyts K, et al. Electric charging of inverse micelles in a nonpolar liquid with surfactant. Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem Eng Asp [Internet]. 2014 Jan 5;440:10–9. Available from: .
  6. 6. Murugesan S, Patel A, Ekoue-Kovi K, Wolfe D. Static dissipative additive performance and synergism with biodiesel for distillate fuels. Fuel [Internet]. 2022 Mar 15;312:122634. Available from: .
  7. 7. Rashedul HK, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Ashraful AM, Ashrafur Rahman SM, Shahir SA. The effect of additives on properties, performance and emission of biodiesel fuelled compression ignition engine. Energy Convers Manag [Internet]. 2014 Dec 1;88:348–64. Available from: .
  8. 8. Suppes GJ, Goff M, Burkhart ML, Bockwinkel K, Mason MH, Botts JB, et al. Multifunctional diesel fuel additives from triglycerides. Energy & Fuels [Internet]. 2001 Jan 1;15(1):151–7. Available from: .

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Organic Chemical Synthesis

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 17, 2026

Submission Date

April 10, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 30, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 2026-1

APA
Tamrazli, T., Hasanov, E., Alizada, R., Ferhadova, R., Ahmadbayova, S., & Azizbeyli, E. (2026). Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 2026-1, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1919963
AMA
1.Tamrazli T, Hasanov E, Alizada R, Ferhadova R, Ahmadbayova S, Azizbeyli E. Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel. JOTCSA. 2026;(2026-1):1-8. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1919963
Chicago
Tamrazli, Tamkin, Elgun Hasanov, Rufana Alizada, Rehime Ferhadova, Saida Ahmadbayova, and Emin Azizbeyli. 2026. “Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction As Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, no. 2026-1: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1919963.
EndNote
Tamrazli T, Hasanov E, Alizada R, Ferhadova R, Ahmadbayova S, Azizbeyli E (May 1, 2026) Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 2026-1 1–8.
IEEE
[1]T. Tamrazli, E. Hasanov, R. Alizada, R. Ferhadova, S. Ahmadbayova, and E. Azizbeyli, “Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel”, JOTCSA, no. 2026-1, pp. 1–8, May 2026, doi: 10.18596/jotcsa.1919963.
ISNAD
Tamrazli, Tamkin - Hasanov, Elgun - Alizada, Rufana - Ferhadova, Rehime - Ahmadbayova, Saida - Azizbeyli, Emin. “Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction As Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry. 2026-1 (May 1, 2026): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1919963.
JAMA
1.Tamrazli T, Hasanov E, Alizada R, Ferhadova R, Ahmadbayova S, Azizbeyli E. Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel. JOTCSA. 2026;:1–8.
MLA
Tamrazli, Tamkin, et al. “Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction As Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, no. 2026-1, May 2026, pp. 1-8, doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1919963.
Vancouver
1.Tamkin Tamrazli, Elgun Hasanov, Rufana Alizada, Rehime Ferhadova, Saida Ahmadbayova, Emin Azizbeyli. Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel. JOTCSA. 2026 May 1;(2026-1):1-8. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1919963