Metal Naphthenates Derived from Technical Naphthenic Acid and Its 280–340°C Fraction as Antistatic Additives for Diesel Fuel
Abstract
Metal naphthenates based on technical naphthenic acid (TNA) and its 280–340°C fraction were synthesized using Ni, Co, Zn, Mn, and Fe and evaluated as antistatic additives for diesel fuel. Their performance was assessed at 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt.% by monitoring the electrical conductivity of treated fuels over storage time. Neat diesel fuel exhibited very low conductivity, decreasing from 85 to 77 pS/m, indicating a high tendency toward electrostatic charge accumulation. The incorporation of the synthesized metal naphthenates significantly increased conductivity, with performance strongly dependent on both the metal species and the compositional characteristics of the acid feedstock. Among the additives derived from the bulk TNA, Co- and Fe-containing systems exhibited the highest antistatic efficiency. Notably, naphthenates prepared from the 280–340°C fraction provided superior conductivity enhancement compared with those obtained from unfractionated TNA. The best result was achieved for the Fe naphthenate derived from the 280–340°C fraction, which increased the electrical conductivity of diesel fuel to 1572 pS/m after 40 days at 0.15 wt.%. The enhanced performance of fraction-derived salts is attributed to the more favorable molecular composition of the medium-boiling acid fraction, which may facilitate ion transport in the non-polar fuel medium. The findings identify Fe-based naphthenates derived from the 280–340°C fraction as promising candidates for the development of effective antistatic additives for diesel fuel applications.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Organic Chemical Synthesis
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Tamkin Tamrazli
This is me
0009-0003-6347-5564
Azerbaijan
Elgun Hasanov
This is me
0009-0001-2878-3567
Azerbaijan
Rufana Alizada
This is me
0009-0005-3400-5381
Azerbaijan
Rehime Ferhadova
*
0009-0007-1277-5603
Azerbaijan
Saida Ahmadbayova
This is me
0000-0003-1672-6394
Azerbaijan
Emin Azizbeyli
0009-0008-1572-0576
Azerbaijan
Publication Date
May 17, 2026
Submission Date
April 10, 2026
Acceptance Date
April 30, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Number: 2026-1
