Synthesis of Sulfate Chitosan using a Sulfuric-Acid Method Based on Chitosan Obtained from Non-Commercial Artemia parthenogenetica Cysts from the Aral Sea
Abstract
The study reports the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of sulfated chitosan (SCh) obtained from chitosan isolated from non-commercial Artemia parthenogenetica cysts of the Aral Sea using a sulfuric acid-mediated sulfation method. The obtained SCh was a dark-brown powder containing 9.21% sulfur and exhibiting a degree of substitution of 22.0%. Elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of sulfate groups into the chitosan structure. Characteristic sulfate-related absorption bands were observed at 1032 and 1385 cm⁻¹, corresponding to O–S–O and sulfate-group stretching vibrations, respectively. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the obtained SCh consisted predominantly of low-molecular-weight fractions of approximately 1.0 and 3.0 kDa, indicating partial degradation of the chitosan chains under the acidic conditions of the sulfation process. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of producing low-molecular-weight SCh from non-commercial Artemia parthenogenetica cysts of the Aral Sea.
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Organic Chemical Synthesis
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Baxtigul Karlibaeva
*
0000-0002-7679-9811
Uzbekistan
Vazira Rakhmanova
0000-0003-2024-5294
Uzbekistan
Inkar Erniyazova
0009-0005-6837-6455
Uzbekistan
Gulsara Berdimbetova
0000-0002-3875-302X
Uzbekistan
Publication Date
November 1, 2026
Submission Date
August 20, 2026
Acceptance Date
October 7, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 2026 Number: 2
