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Bulaşıcı Olmayan Hastalıkları Önleyici Bir Araç Olarak Sağlık Vergileri: OECD Ülkeleri İncelemesi

Year 2025, Issue: 74, 79 - 111, 26.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2025-1701360

Abstract

Vergi sistemleri esas itibarıyla mali amaca ulaşmak için oluşturulsa da vergilerden iktisadi ve sosyal amaçlara ulaşmanın bir aracı olarak da faydalanılmaktadır. Zira, vergiler teşvik edici ya da caydırıcı yönde üretim, tüketim, tasarruf, yatırım gibi ekonomik kararları etkileyebilmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) çeşitli raporlarında bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıkların gelişimini önleyerek kamu sağlığının geliştirilmesinde başka bazı önlemlerle birlikte özel tüketim vergisi uygulamasını etkin bir araç olarak önermektedir. Halk sağlığını tehdit eden tütün ürünleri, alkollü içkiler ve şekerle tatlandırılmış içeceklerin fiyatları üzerine konulacak tüketim vergileri ile fiyatlarını artırarak tüketimlerini düşürmenin halk sağlığı, ekonomi ve kamu bütçesi üzerinde olumlu etkiler oluşturacağına dikkat çekmektedir. Nitekim, vergiler negatif dışsallıkların içselleştirilmesi ve piyasa başarısızlıklarının giderilmesinin de aracıdır. Bu çalışma OECD ve WHO tarafından sağlık vergileri kapsamında ele alınan tütün ürünleri, alkollü içkiler ve şekerle tatlandırılmış içecekler üzerine uygulanan tüketim vergilerine odaklanmakta, sağlık vergilerinin, bir kamu politikası aracı olarak kamu sağlığının iyileştirilmesi ve kamusal kaynakların etkin kullanılarak toplumsal refahın yükseltilmesi amacıyla kullanılmasının önemine vurgu yapmaktır. Çalışmada, sağlık vergileri kavram ve kapsamı obezite vergileri ve günah vergileri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmakta, sağlık vergisi türleri, gerekçeleri, yapısı ve etkileri belirtilmektedir. OECD’nin üye ülkelerinden sağladığı ve ilk kez yayınladığı verilere dayalı olarak, sağlık vergisi türlerinin toplam vergi gelirleri ve GSYH’ya oranı ortalamalarının 2000-2022 döneminde gösterdiği gelişim ile 2000 yılına göre 2022 yılında üye ülkelerde söz konusu vergi gelirlerinin GSYH’ya oranında meydana gelen değişim ortaya koyulmaktadır. Çalışma, halk sağlığına zarar veren maddeler ve üretim yöntemleri kullanılarak üretilmiş tüm malların sağlık vergisine konu edilerek sağlık vergileri kapsamının genişletilmesi önerisini getirmektedir.

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Health Taxes as a Tool to Prevent Non-communicable Diseases: A Study of OECD Countries

Year 2025, Issue: 74, 79 - 111, 26.11.2025
https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2025-1701360

Abstract

Although the tax system is primarily established to provide income to finance expenses, taxes are also used as a tool to achieve economic and social goals through various regulations. Taxes affect economic decisions such as production, consumption, savings, and investment as an incentive or disincentive tool. The World Health Organization, in various reports, suggests the implementation of special consumption taxes as an effective tool, along with other measures, to improve public health by preventing the development of non-communicable diseases. It emphasizes that imposing consumption taxes on products that threaten public health, such as tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, and sugar-sweetened drinks, will increase their prices and reduce their consumption, thereby having positive effects on public health, the economy, and the public budget. This study focuses on excise taxes on tobacco products, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages, which are considered health taxes by the OECD and the World Health Organization. It outlines the concept and scope of health taxes, examines developments in the period 2000-2022 based on OECD data, and analyzes the types of health taxes in terms of their justification, structure and impact, comparing changes in their magnitude in 2022 compared to 2000.

References

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  • Miracolo, A., Marisa, S., Mills, M., & Kanavos, P. (2021). Sin taxes and their effect on consumption, revenue generation and health improvement: A systematic literature review in Latin America. Health Policy and Planning, 36, 790–810. https://doi.org/10.1093/ heapol/czaa168 google scholar
  • Mutlu, A., & Işık, A. (2002). Sağlık ekonomisi ve politikaları (Yayın No. 14). Marmara Üniversitesi Maliye Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi. google scholar
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülay Akgül Yılmaz 0000-0002-5445-6842

Submission Date May 20, 2025
Acceptance Date July 28, 2025
Publication Date November 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 74

Cite

APA Akgül Yılmaz, G. (2025). Bulaşıcı Olmayan Hastalıkları Önleyici Bir Araç Olarak Sağlık Vergileri: OECD Ülkeleri İncelemesi. Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi(74), 79-111. https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2025-1701360