Research Article

Liturgy: Historical and Ancient Origin of the Public Goods/Services/Expenditures and Its Development

Number: 64 January 22, 2021
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Liturgy: Historical and Ancient Origin of the Public Goods/Services/Expenditures and Its Development

Abstract

In the study, the concept and practice of liturgy and the social and economic reasons behind them will be examined. Because the concept of liturgy doesn’t have an exact equivalent, it has to be accepted as a voluntary-obligation or a compulsory-obligation. The concept of liturgy, which means work for the public, service to the society and the state, and a religious and sacred service in terms of its purpose, has its roots in the old centuries. The Ancient Greek liturgy is based on the perception that construction, maintenance and financing of temples be covered through aristocrat families’ budgets. In the Classical Greek city-states, this function became first a voluntary and then an obligatory but honorable task. In the context of voluntary-obligation, liturgy was first performed by managing three-rowed warships, attending religious rituals, organizing festivals and staging dramatic works. B.C. in the 4th century, liturgy became a kind of a property tax, but this was also defined as social honor and provision of public support. Because, the main actors involved in the development of liturgy are the Athenian aristocrats and later the rich non-aristocrats group. B.C. in 594, in the Ancient Greek city-state, citizens were grouped as large farmers, horsemen, peasants and workers, in terms of their liturgical liabilities and according to their assets. The specific feature of the Ancient Greek economic and social structure also appears in the Roman state. Rich citizens in Rome also undertook tasks for the public interest, such as temple construction and organizing festivals. Later, liturgy (munera sordida in Latin) became a fulfilled work, because it constituted a compulsory job/set of jobs for people. These were the tasks that the Romans took part in a more passive mood but ever with less faith, in obedience to state rules. The first liturgical records are found in papyrus in the Byzantine Empire which is a continuation of the Ancient Greek and Roman periods. In Byzantium, liturgical obligation is a normal taxation method, it foresees individual labor, service surveillance or a senatorial-level expenditure. From a historical point of view, even if not in nowadays’ sense it is seen that public goods/services/expenditures, have become widespread in the Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations in terms of their improved and diversified aspects, with the participation of the aristocrats first and then the rich non-aristocrats. These goods/services/expenditures have become an element of social obligation and vanity.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Economics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

January 22, 2021

Submission Date

October 7, 2020

Acceptance Date

December 29, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 1970 Number: 64

APA
Falay, N. (2021). Litürji: Kamu Mallarının/Hizmetlerinin/Harcamalarının Tarihsel ve Antik Bir Kökeni ve Gelişimi. Maliye Çalışmaları Dergisi, 64, 51-72. https://doi.org/10.26650/mcd2020-807080