Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 55 - 64, 03.06.2024

Ecem Özen Öner , Gonca Ateş , Safar Saeed Mohammed , Muhammed Kanca , Mediha Kök

https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1482215

Abstract

References

  • M. Elahinia, M. T. Andani and C. Haberland. Shape memory and superelastic alloys. High Temperature Materials and Mechanisms. 2014;355.
  • G. Dennis, J. Santos, C. S. Kiminami and P. Gargarella. Comparison of Cu–Al–Ni–Mn–Zr shape memory alloy prepared by selective laser melting and conventional powder metallurgy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2020;30(12):3322-3332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65464-4.
  • J. M. Jani, M. Leary and A. Subic, editors. Shape memory alloys in automotive applications. Applied Mechanics and Materials; 2014: Trans Tech Publ.
  • V. Malik, S. Srivastava, S. Gupta, V. Sharma, M. Vishnoi and T. Mamatha. A novel review on shape memory alloy and their applications in extraterrestrial roving missions. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021;44:4961-4965. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.860.
  • S. Mohammed, M. Kök, Z. Çirak, I. Qader, F. Dağdelen and H. Zardawi. The relationship between cobalt amount and oxidation parameters in NiTiCo shape memory alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2020;121(14):1411-1417. doi:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X2013013X.
  • M. Schwartz. Smart materials. CRC press; 2008.
  • S. S. Mohammed, M. KÖK, I. N. Qader and F. Dağdelen. The developments of piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys in robotic actuator. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019(17):1014-1030.
  • R. QADIR, S. MOHAMMED, M. KÖK and I. QADER. A review on NiTiCu shape memory alloys: manufacturing and characterizations. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2021;4(2):49-56.
  • R. Qadır, S. Mohammed, M. Kök and I. Qader. A review on NiTiCu shape memory alloys: manufacturing and characterizations. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2021;4(2):49-56.
  • S. S. Mohammed, M. Kök, I. Qader and R. Qadır. A Review on the Effect of Mechanical and Thermal Treatment Techniques on Shape Memory Alloys. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2022;5(1):51-61.
  • C. Hsu, W. Wang, Y. Hsu and W. Rehbach. The refinement treatment of martensite in Cu–11.38 wt.% Al–0.43 wt.% Be shape memory alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;474(1-2):455-462.
  • K. Otsuka and X. Ren. Recent developments in the research of shape memory alloys. Intermetallics. 1999;7(5):511-528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00070-3.
  • G. López, M. Barrado, E. Bocanegra, J. San Juan and M. Nó. Influence of the matrix and of the thermal treatment on the martensitic transformation in metal matrix composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2008;481:546-550. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.186.
  • P. Kumar, A. K. Jain, S. Hussain, A. Pandey and R. Dasgupta. Changes in the properties of Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy due to quaternary addition of different elements. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro). 2015;20:284-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620150001.0028.
  • I. N. Qader, E. Öner, M. Kok, S. S. Mohammed, F. Dağdelen, M. S. Kanca and Y. Aydoğdu. Mechanical and thermal behavior of Cu84− xAl13Ni3Hfx shape memory alloys. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science. 2021;45(1):343-349. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-01008-w.
  • E. Balci, F. Dagdelen, S. Mohammed and E. Ercan. Corrosion behavior and thermal cycle stability of TiNiTa shape memory alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022;147(24):14953-14960.
  • S. Mohammed, E. Balci, F. Dagdelen and S. Saydam. Comparison of Thermodynamic Parameters and Corrosion Behaviors of Ti50Ni25Nb25 and Ti50Ni25Ta25 Shape Memory Alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2022;123(14):1427-1435.
  • T. Gustmann, J. Dos Santos, P. Gargarella, U. Kühn, J. Van Humbeeck and S. Pauly. Properties of Cu-based shape-memory alloys prepared by selective laser melting. Shape Memory and Superelasticity. 2017;3(1):24-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40830-016-0088-6.
  • T. R. K. Dora, V. Sampath, Y. Li and P. Hodgson. In vitro cytotoxicity and corrosion studies of some copper base shape memory alloys. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2017;4(10):10672-10681. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.08.013.
  • B. M. IBRAHIM, S. S. MOHAMMED and E. BALCİ. A Review on Comparison between NiTi-Based and Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials.6(2):40-50.
  • M. Kök, A. O. A. Al-Jaf, Z. D. Çirak, I. N. Qader and E. Özen. Effects of heat treatment temperatures on phase transformation, thermodynamical parameters, crystal microstructure, and electrical resistivity of NiTiV shape memory alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020;139(6):3405-3413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08788-3.
  • S. Mohammed, M. Kök, I. N. Qader and M. Coşkun. A review study on biocompatible improvements of NiTi-based shape memory alloys. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications. 2021;5(2):125-130.
  • T. Elrasasi, M. Dobróka, L. Daróczi and D. Beke. Effect of thermal and mechanical cycling on the elastic and dissipative energy in CuAl (11.5 wt%) Ni (5.0 wt%) shape memory alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2013;577:S517-S520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.06.108.
  • M. Kok, R. A. Qadir, S. S. Mohammed and I. N. Qader. Effect of transition metals (Zr and Hf) on microstructure, thermodynamic parameters, electrical resistivity, and magnetization of CuAlMn-based shape memory alloy. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2022;137(1):62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02297-9.
  • S. S. M. Mohammed. Production and investigation of some physical properties of CuAlNiTa quaternary shape memory alloys: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2021.
  • M. Stipcich and R. Romero. β-Phase thermal degradation in Zr-added Cu–Zn–Al shape memory alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2017;129(1):201-207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6157-z.
  • K. K. Alaneme and E. A. Okotete. Reconciling viability and cost-effective shape memory alloy options–A review of copper and iron based shape memory metallic systems. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 2016;19(3):1582-1592. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.05.010.
  • S. S. Mohammed, M. Kok, I. N. Qader, M. S. Kanca, E. Ercan, F. Dağdelen and Y. Aydoğdu. Influence of Ta additive into Cu84− xAl13Ni3 (wt%) shape memory alloy produced by induction melting. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science. 2020;44(4):1167-1175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00909-0.
  • M. Kök, I. N. Qader, S. S. Mohammed, E. Öner, F. Dağdelen and Y. Aydogdu. Thermal stability and some thermodynamics analysis of heat treated quaternary CuAlNiTa shape memory alloy. Materials Research Express. 2019;7(1):015702.
  • F. Dagdelen, E. Balci, I. Qader, E. Ozen, M. Kok, M. Kanca, S. Abdullah and S. Mohammed. Influence of the Nb content on the microstructure and phase transformation properties of NiTiNb shape memory alloys. JOM. 2020;72(4):1664-1672. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04026-6.
  • J. Ortin and A. Planes. Thermodynamic analysis of thermal measurements in thermoelastic martensitic transformations. Acta metallurgica. 1988;36(8):1873-1889. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5bef.
  • S. S. Mohammed, E. Balci, H. A. Qadir, I. N. Qader, S. Saydam and F. Dagdelen. The exploring microstructural, caloric, and corrosion behavior of NiTiNb shape-memory alloys. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022;147(21):11705-11713.
  • S. Mohammed, M. Kök, Z. Çirak, I. Qader, F. Dağdelen and H. S. Zardawi. The relationship between cobalt amount and oxidation parameters in NiTiCo shape memory alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2020;121:1411-1417.
  • M. da Silva, T. de Mello, A. Veloso and S. de Lima. Study of mechanical alloying in the obtention Cu-Al-Nb alloys with Shape Memory Effect. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392005000200014.
  • M. d. C. A. d. Silva and S. J. G. d. Lima. Evaluation of mechanical alloying to obtain Cu-Al-Nb shape memory alloy. Materials Research. 2005;8:169-172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392005000200014.
  • S. MOHAMMED, F. DAĞDELEN and I. N. QADER. Effect of Ta Content on Microstructure and Phase Transformation Temperatures of Ti75. 5-Nb25. 5 (% at.) Alloy. Gazi University Journal of Science.1-1. doi:https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.947678.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 55 - 64, 03.06.2024

Ecem Özen Öner , Gonca Ateş , Safar Saeed Mohammed , Muhammed Kanca , Mediha Kök

https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1482215

Abstract

Heat treatment is an important technique that can improve the properties of shape memory alloys. In this study the effect of heat treatment at three different temperatures (973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K) on some thermodynamics parameters, crystal structure, and microstructure of Cu_86 Al_12 Nb_2 and Cu_86 Al_12 Hf_2 (mass %) Shape Memory Alloy has been investigated. After heat treatment, the change in the thermal properties of the samples was determined using Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of heat treatment on the crystal and microstructure of the alloy samples were determined at room temperature using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) device. The DSC result showed that in both samples the temperature hysteresis was decreased after heat treatment. Also grain size was decreased by increasing the treatment temperature in both samples. And finally, optical images represented that Hafnium (Hf) is more dissolved in the alloy compared to Niobium (Nb).

Keywords

Shape memory alloy Heat Treatment Microstructures Cu-Al-Nb Cu-Al-Hf.

References

  • M. Elahinia, M. T. Andani and C. Haberland. Shape memory and superelastic alloys. High Temperature Materials and Mechanisms. 2014;355.
  • G. Dennis, J. Santos, C. S. Kiminami and P. Gargarella. Comparison of Cu–Al–Ni–Mn–Zr shape memory alloy prepared by selective laser melting and conventional powder metallurgy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2020;30(12):3322-3332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(20)65464-4.
  • J. M. Jani, M. Leary and A. Subic, editors. Shape memory alloys in automotive applications. Applied Mechanics and Materials; 2014: Trans Tech Publ.
  • V. Malik, S. Srivastava, S. Gupta, V. Sharma, M. Vishnoi and T. Mamatha. A novel review on shape memory alloy and their applications in extraterrestrial roving missions. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021;44:4961-4965. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.860.
  • S. Mohammed, M. Kök, Z. Çirak, I. Qader, F. Dağdelen and H. Zardawi. The relationship between cobalt amount and oxidation parameters in NiTiCo shape memory alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2020;121(14):1411-1417. doi:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X2013013X.
  • M. Schwartz. Smart materials. CRC press; 2008.
  • S. S. Mohammed, M. KÖK, I. N. Qader and F. Dağdelen. The developments of piezoelectric materials and shape memory alloys in robotic actuator. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019(17):1014-1030.
  • R. QADIR, S. MOHAMMED, M. KÖK and I. QADER. A review on NiTiCu shape memory alloys: manufacturing and characterizations. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2021;4(2):49-56.
  • R. Qadır, S. Mohammed, M. Kök and I. Qader. A review on NiTiCu shape memory alloys: manufacturing and characterizations. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2021;4(2):49-56.
  • S. S. Mohammed, M. Kök, I. Qader and R. Qadır. A Review on the Effect of Mechanical and Thermal Treatment Techniques on Shape Memory Alloys. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2022;5(1):51-61.
  • C. Hsu, W. Wang, Y. Hsu and W. Rehbach. The refinement treatment of martensite in Cu–11.38 wt.% Al–0.43 wt.% Be shape memory alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;474(1-2):455-462.
  • K. Otsuka and X. Ren. Recent developments in the research of shape memory alloys. Intermetallics. 1999;7(5):511-528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00070-3.
  • G. López, M. Barrado, E. Bocanegra, J. San Juan and M. Nó. Influence of the matrix and of the thermal treatment on the martensitic transformation in metal matrix composites. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2008;481:546-550. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.186.
  • P. Kumar, A. K. Jain, S. Hussain, A. Pandey and R. Dasgupta. Changes in the properties of Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy due to quaternary addition of different elements. Matéria (Rio de Janeiro). 2015;20:284-292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620150001.0028.
  • I. N. Qader, E. Öner, M. Kok, S. S. Mohammed, F. Dağdelen, M. S. Kanca and Y. Aydoğdu. Mechanical and thermal behavior of Cu84− xAl13Ni3Hfx shape memory alloys. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science. 2021;45(1):343-349. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-01008-w.
  • E. Balci, F. Dagdelen, S. Mohammed and E. Ercan. Corrosion behavior and thermal cycle stability of TiNiTa shape memory alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022;147(24):14953-14960.
  • S. Mohammed, E. Balci, F. Dagdelen and S. Saydam. Comparison of Thermodynamic Parameters and Corrosion Behaviors of Ti50Ni25Nb25 and Ti50Ni25Ta25 Shape Memory Alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2022;123(14):1427-1435.
  • T. Gustmann, J. Dos Santos, P. Gargarella, U. Kühn, J. Van Humbeeck and S. Pauly. Properties of Cu-based shape-memory alloys prepared by selective laser melting. Shape Memory and Superelasticity. 2017;3(1):24-36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40830-016-0088-6.
  • T. R. K. Dora, V. Sampath, Y. Li and P. Hodgson. In vitro cytotoxicity and corrosion studies of some copper base shape memory alloys. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2017;4(10):10672-10681. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.08.013.
  • B. M. IBRAHIM, S. S. MOHAMMED and E. BALCİ. A Review on Comparison between NiTi-Based and Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials.6(2):40-50.
  • M. Kök, A. O. A. Al-Jaf, Z. D. Çirak, I. N. Qader and E. Özen. Effects of heat treatment temperatures on phase transformation, thermodynamical parameters, crystal microstructure, and electrical resistivity of NiTiV shape memory alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020;139(6):3405-3413. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08788-3.
  • S. Mohammed, M. Kök, I. N. Qader and M. Coşkun. A review study on biocompatible improvements of NiTi-based shape memory alloys. International Journal of Innovative Engineering Applications. 2021;5(2):125-130.
  • T. Elrasasi, M. Dobróka, L. Daróczi and D. Beke. Effect of thermal and mechanical cycling on the elastic and dissipative energy in CuAl (11.5 wt%) Ni (5.0 wt%) shape memory alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2013;577:S517-S520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.06.108.
  • M. Kok, R. A. Qadir, S. S. Mohammed and I. N. Qader. Effect of transition metals (Zr and Hf) on microstructure, thermodynamic parameters, electrical resistivity, and magnetization of CuAlMn-based shape memory alloy. The European Physical Journal Plus. 2022;137(1):62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-02297-9.
  • S. S. M. Mohammed. Production and investigation of some physical properties of CuAlNiTa quaternary shape memory alloys: Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2021.
  • M. Stipcich and R. Romero. β-Phase thermal degradation in Zr-added Cu–Zn–Al shape memory alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2017;129(1):201-207. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-017-6157-z.
  • K. K. Alaneme and E. A. Okotete. Reconciling viability and cost-effective shape memory alloy options–A review of copper and iron based shape memory metallic systems. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 2016;19(3):1582-1592. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.05.010.
  • S. S. Mohammed, M. Kok, I. N. Qader, M. S. Kanca, E. Ercan, F. Dağdelen and Y. Aydoğdu. Influence of Ta additive into Cu84− xAl13Ni3 (wt%) shape memory alloy produced by induction melting. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science. 2020;44(4):1167-1175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00909-0.
  • M. Kök, I. N. Qader, S. S. Mohammed, E. Öner, F. Dağdelen and Y. Aydogdu. Thermal stability and some thermodynamics analysis of heat treated quaternary CuAlNiTa shape memory alloy. Materials Research Express. 2019;7(1):015702.
  • F. Dagdelen, E. Balci, I. Qader, E. Ozen, M. Kok, M. Kanca, S. Abdullah and S. Mohammed. Influence of the Nb content on the microstructure and phase transformation properties of NiTiNb shape memory alloys. JOM. 2020;72(4):1664-1672. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04026-6.
  • J. Ortin and A. Planes. Thermodynamic analysis of thermal measurements in thermoelastic martensitic transformations. Acta metallurgica. 1988;36(8):1873-1889. doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab5bef.
  • S. S. Mohammed, E. Balci, H. A. Qadir, I. N. Qader, S. Saydam and F. Dagdelen. The exploring microstructural, caloric, and corrosion behavior of NiTiNb shape-memory alloys. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2022;147(21):11705-11713.
  • S. Mohammed, M. Kök, Z. Çirak, I. Qader, F. Dağdelen and H. S. Zardawi. The relationship between cobalt amount and oxidation parameters in NiTiCo shape memory alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2020;121:1411-1417.
  • M. da Silva, T. de Mello, A. Veloso and S. de Lima. Study of mechanical alloying in the obtention Cu-Al-Nb alloys with Shape Memory Effect. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392005000200014.
  • M. d. C. A. d. Silva and S. J. G. d. Lima. Evaluation of mechanical alloying to obtain Cu-Al-Nb shape memory alloy. Materials Research. 2005;8:169-172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392005000200014.
  • S. MOHAMMED, F. DAĞDELEN and I. N. QADER. Effect of Ta Content on Microstructure and Phase Transformation Temperatures of Ti75. 5-Nb25. 5 (% at.) Alloy. Gazi University Journal of Science.1-1. doi:https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.947678.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Materials Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ecem Özen Öner 0000-0001-7687-9021

Gonca Ateş 0000-0002-6123-368X

Safar Saeed Mohammed 0000-0002-2794-8024

Muhammed Kanca 0000-0002-2987-4284

Mediha Kök 0000-0001-7404-4311

Publication Date June 3, 2024
Submission Date May 11, 2024
Acceptance Date May 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özen Öner, E., Ateş, G., Mohammed, S. S., Kanca, M., et al. (2024). Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 7(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1482215
AMA Özen Öner E, Ateş G, Mohammed SS, Kanca M, Kök M. Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. June 2024;7(1):55-64. doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1482215
Chicago Özen Öner, Ecem, Gonca Ateş, Safar Saeed Mohammed, Muhammed Kanca, and Mediha Kök. “Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 7, no. 1 (June 2024): 55-64. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1482215.
EndNote Özen Öner E, Ateş G, Mohammed SS, Kanca M, Kök M (June 1, 2024) Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 7 1 55–64.
IEEE E. Özen Öner, G. Ateş, S. S. Mohammed, M. Kanca, and M. Kök, “Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy”, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 55–64, 2024, doi: 10.54565/jphcfum.1482215.
ISNAD Özen Öner, Ecem et al. “Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 7/1 (June 2024), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1482215.
JAMA Özen Öner E, Ateş G, Mohammed SS, Kanca M, Kök M. Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2024;7:55–64.
MLA Özen Öner, Ecem et al. “Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, vol. 7, no. 1, 2024, pp. 55-64, doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1482215.
Vancouver Özen Öner E, Ateş G, Mohammed SS, Kanca M, Kök M. Effect of Heat Treatment on Some Thermodynamics Analysis, Crystal and Microstructures of Cu-Al-X (X: Nb, Hf) Shape Memory Alloy. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2024;7(1):55-64.