40 Yaş Üzeri Bireylerin Prostat Kanseri Taramalarına İlişkin Sağlık İnanç ve Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma, 40 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin prostat kanseri taramalarına ilişkin sağlık inançlarını ve tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Tanımlayıcı türde olan bu araştırma bir üniversitede çalışan 40 yaş ve üzeri akademik ve idari personel ile Haziran 2013-Temmuz 2015 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Prostat Kanseri Taramaları Sağlık İnanç Modeli Ölçeği (PKTSİMÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılabilmesi için etik kurul onayı ile kurum izni alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistik, bağımsız guruplarda t Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans (One Way ANOVA) analizi, Kruskal Wallis testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde p<0.05 değeri anlamlı kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin büyük çoğunluğunun (% 88.6) daha önce prostat muayenesi olmadığı, muayene olanların tamamının prostat ile ilgili şikayetlerinin muayene olmayı etkilediği, %91’inin daha önce prostat kanseri taraması için PSA (Prostat Spesifik Antijen) yaptırmadığı, aile ve akrabasında (%80) ile çevresinde (%71) prostat kanseri teşhisi konan birey bulunmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin PKTSİMÖ prostat taramalarını etkileyen Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı (=32.33±7.41) ile Engel Algısı (=37.43±9.29) puan ortalamalarının yüksek, Duyarlılık Algısı (=12.13±4.10) ve Ciddiyet Algısı (=12.10±4.16) puan ortalamalarının ise düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada bireylerin yaşlarına göre PKTSİMÖ ciddiyet algısı ve Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı puan ortalmasının ve çalışma süresine göre ciddiyet algısı puan ortalmasının anlamlı farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin gelecekte prostat muayenesi veya taramasına katılmayı düşünme durumuna göre Sağlık Motivasyonu Algısı puan ortalamasının ve prostat muayenesinin utandırıcı olduğunu düşünme durumuna göre ciddiyet algısı ve engel algısı puan ortalamasının, prostat kanserine ilişkin bilgilerin nereden öğrenildiği durumuna göre duyarlık algısı puanları ortalamasının farklılık oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin büyük bir çoğunluğunun prostat kanseri taramalarına katılmadığı, bireylerin PKTSİMÖ engel algısının yüksek, duyarlılık ve ciddiyet algısının ise düşük olduğu, yaş ve çalışma süresinin PKTSİMÖ etkilediği saptanmıştır. Prostat kanseri taramalarına yönelik olumlu tutum ve inanç oluşturmak için hemşireler tarafından eğitim programları yapılması önerilir.

Keywords

• Hemşirelik,prostat kanseri,tarama,sağlık inanç modeli

Determining Health Beliefs and Attitudes Towards Prostate Cancer Scans in Individuals Over 40

Abstract

Aim: This study has been carried out with the purpose of determining health beliefs and attitudes towards prostate cancer scans in individuals over 40.

Material and Method: The study has been carried out among the university academic and administrative staff between June 2013 and July 2013. The study has been a descriptive one. The boundaries of the study has been comprised of university academic and administrative staff over 40 (n=78). There has not been chosen any paradigm in the study and it has been completed with those who were accessible and accepted to take part in the study. A questionnaire form including ‘Personal Questionnaire’ and ‘PCSBOHBM’ has been used as a data collection tool. Research Ethics Committee Approval and permissions from other institutions have been taken in order for the study to be carried out. Percentage distributions, Chi-square, t test in independent groups, Mann-Whitney U test have been used in the evaluation of the data.

Results: It has been found out that a great majority of the participants (88.6%) has not had a prostate scan before, all of those who were examined (100%) were affected in terms of treatment due to their complaints about prostate, most of them (91%) have not had before a PSA for prostate cancer scanning, there has not been any individual who has a family member or a relative (80%) or someone around (70%) diagnosed with a prostate cancer. It has been found out that participants’ point averages of health motivation level (=32.33±7.41) and obstacle perception level (=37.43±9.29) which affect PCSBOHBM prostate scans are high, point averages of sensitivity level (=12.13±4.10) and perception of severity level (=12.10±4.16) are low. It has been determined that there are significant differences (p<0.05) between sub-dimensions of PCSBOHBM perception of severity and health motivation according to participants’ ages and between their working time with the perception of severity and their sub-dimensions.  It has been found that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) in terms of health motivation points of the participants according to whether they think about having a prostate examination or scan in the future and perception of severity according to considering prostate examination something embarrassing and dimension of obstacle perception and points of sensitivity perception according to where the information related to prostate cancer are obtained.

Conclusion: It has been determined that most of the participants have not attended prostate cancer scans, their level of obstacle perception is high, sensitivity and severity perception is low, their age and working time affect PCSBOHBM. Educational programs are recommended for creating a positive attitude and belief towards prostate cancer scans.

Keywords

• Nursing,Prostate cancer,screen,health belief model

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