Determination of Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Centaurium erythraea Essential Oil

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 51 - 59, 30.09.2025

Esra Yıldırım Servi

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil obtained from the plant Centaurium erythraea.
Materials and methods: The essential oil of Centaurium erythraea was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus (3 hours). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was determined by disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity test was initiated at a concentration of 50 mg/disc. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria were used in the antibacterial activity test.
Results: Fifty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil of C. erythrae. The identified compounds constituted 93.3% of the essential oil. The main components of the essential oil were determined as 2-methyl octane (8.1%), 1-tetradecanol (7.8%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%), and 1-dodecanol (5.6%). The essential oil showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (11 mm), B. cereus (10 mm), and P. aeruginosa (8 mm).
Conclusion: The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of C. erythrae, originating from Turkey, were investigated for the first time. The essential oil was found to exhibit low antibacterial activity. The composition of the essential oil in the present study differed qualitatively and quantitatively from previous studies.

Keywords

Centaurium erythraea , essential oil , antibacterial activity , disc diffusion method

Centaurium erythraea Uçucu Yağının Kimyasal Bileşimi ve Antibakteriyel Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Centaurium erythraea bitkisinden elde edilen uçucu yağın kimyasal bileşimini ve antibakteriyel aktivitesini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Centaurium erythraea bitkisinin uçucu yağı Clevenger aparatı ile (3 saat) hidrodistilasyon yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağın kimyasal bileşimi Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometrisi (GC-MS) cihazı ile analiz edilmiştir. Uçucu yağın antibakteriyel aktivitesi disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Antibakteriyel aktivite testi 50 mg/disk konsantrasyonda başlatılmıştır. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa bakterileri antibakteriyel aktivite testinde kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: C. erythrae uçucu yağında elli sekiz bileşen tanımlanmıştır. Tanımlanan bileşenler uçucu yağın %93.3’ünü oluşturmaktadır. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri, 2-metil oktan (%8.1), 1-tetradekanol (%7.8), karyofilen oksit (%6.5) ve 1-dodekanol (%5.6) olarak belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağ, B. subtilis (11 mm), B. cereus (10 mm) ve P. aeruginosa (8 mm) karşı antibakteriyel aktivite göstermiştir.
Sonuç: Türkiye orijinli C. erythrae uçucu yağının kimyasal bileşimi ve antibakteriyel aktivitesi ilk kez araştırılmıştır. Uçucu yağın düşük antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut çalışmanın uçucu yağ bileşimi, nitelik ve nicelik açısından önceki çalışmalardan farklılıklar göstermiştir.

Keywords

Centaurium erythraea , uçucu yağ , antibakteriyel aktivite , disk difüzyon yöntemi

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