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Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 1 - 5, 25.07.2011

Abdulmoein Al-agha , Ali Ocheltree Amr Hakeem

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk of thyroid disease (TD). The Incidence of TD among diabetic patients is higher than that of the general population. Our objective is to review the prevalence of TD among children & adolescents with T1DM.
Methodology: A retrospective review was conducted on children & adolescents with T1DM aged 1a€“18 years (n=398, 226 females, 172 males, 190 pre-adolescents & 208 adolescents) attending the pediatric endocrine clinic at king Abdul-Aziz University Hospital from 2006-2010. A comprehensive review of patient serum analysis was done. The mean & standard deviation (SD) for patient age were 12.05 & +/- 4.03 years.
Results: Of the study population 63 patients (15.83%) had hypothyroidism, [F = 40 & M = 23], 5 patients had primary hypothyroidism & 58 had subclinical hypothyroidism. The mean & SD for age in patients with hypothyroidism were 11.6 & +/- 4.01 years, while, for children with euthyroid they were 12.14 & +/- 4.02, P = 0.325 (NS). The mean & SD for TSH levels in children with euthyroid were 2.38 & +/- 1.1 µIU/L, while, for patients with hypothyroidism they were 11.52 & +/- 13.9 µIU/L, P = < 0.0001 (HS). As was expected, there was a weak negative correlation between TSH & HbA1c.
Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is prevalent among children & adolescents with T1DM. It has a higher incidence among females then males. We recommend the promotion of annul routine screening programs for hypothyroidism among children & adolescents with T1DM.

Keywords

Hypothyroidism Type 1 Diabetes mellitus Children Thyroid stimulating hormone.

References

  • Proces S, Delgrange E, Vander Borght TV, Jamart J, Donckier JE. Minor alterations in thyroid function tests associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity in outpatients without known thyroid illness. Acta Clin Belg 2001; 56 (2): 86- 90.
  • Miguel Fernandez-Castaner MD, Anamolina MD, Luz Lopez-Jimenez MD, Jose M, Gomez MD, Juan Solek MD, et al. Clinical presentation and early course of type I diabetes in patients with and without thyroid autoimmunity. Diabetes Care 1999;22(3): 377-81
  • Gray RS, Borsey DQ, Seth J, Herd R, Brown NS, Clarke BF, et al. Prevalence of subclinical thyroid failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50 (6): 1034-37.
  • Perros P, Mc Crimmon RJ, Shaw G, Frier BM. Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients: Value of annual screening. Diabet Med 1995; 12 (7): 622-27.
  • Holl RW, Bohm B, Loos V, Grabert M, Heinze E, Homoki J, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus. Effect of gender and HLA type. HORM Res 1999; 52 (3): 113-18.
  • Eisenbarth GS. Genetic counseling for type I diabetes. In Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders. Lebovitz HE. Ed. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, Clinical Education Series, 1998.
  • Ineck BA, Ng TM. Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and its treatment on serum lipids. Ann Pharmacother 2003; 37:725-30.
  • Gleicher N, Pratt D, Dudkiewicz A. What do we really know about autoantibody abnormalities and reproductive Autoimmunity 1993; 16: 115-40. A critical review.
  • Pearce SH, Merriman TR. Genetics of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2009; 38:289–301.
  • Sánchez-Lugo F. Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the Bayamon region. Bol Asoc Med P R. 1991 Feb; 83(2):54-7.
  • Radaideh A, El-Khateeb M, Batieha AM, Nasser AS, Ajlouni KM. Thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med J 2003;24(4):352-5.
  • Muralidhara krishna c s, c vibha, manohar c s, g s anil kumar, k nanda,g sadanand, nisarga, k l mahadevappa, et al. Thyroid dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. IJBMS 2010; 1:4.
  • Wiersinga WM. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. I. Prevalence and clinical relevance. Neth J Med 1995; 46:197–204.
  • Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2008.
  • Diabetes Care 2008; 31(suppl 1):S12.
  • de Benoist B et al. Iodine deficiency in 2007:
  • Global progress since 1993. http://www.who.int /nutrition/publications/micronutrients/FNBvol29 N3sep08.pdf

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 1 - 5, 25.07.2011

Abdulmoein Al-agha , Ali Ocheltree Amr Hakeem

Abstract

References

  • Proces S, Delgrange E, Vander Borght TV, Jamart J, Donckier JE. Minor alterations in thyroid function tests associated with diabetes mellitus and obesity in outpatients without known thyroid illness. Acta Clin Belg 2001; 56 (2): 86- 90.
  • Miguel Fernandez-Castaner MD, Anamolina MD, Luz Lopez-Jimenez MD, Jose M, Gomez MD, Juan Solek MD, et al. Clinical presentation and early course of type I diabetes in patients with and without thyroid autoimmunity. Diabetes Care 1999;22(3): 377-81
  • Gray RS, Borsey DQ, Seth J, Herd R, Brown NS, Clarke BF, et al. Prevalence of subclinical thyroid failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50 (6): 1034-37.
  • Perros P, Mc Crimmon RJ, Shaw G, Frier BM. Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients: Value of annual screening. Diabet Med 1995; 12 (7): 622-27.
  • Holl RW, Bohm B, Loos V, Grabert M, Heinze E, Homoki J, et al. Thyroid autoimmunity in children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus. Effect of gender and HLA type. HORM Res 1999; 52 (3): 113-18.
  • Eisenbarth GS. Genetic counseling for type I diabetes. In Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Related Disorders. Lebovitz HE. Ed. Alexandria, VA, American Diabetes Association, Clinical Education Series, 1998.
  • Ineck BA, Ng TM. Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism and its treatment on serum lipids. Ann Pharmacother 2003; 37:725-30.
  • Gleicher N, Pratt D, Dudkiewicz A. What do we really know about autoantibody abnormalities and reproductive Autoimmunity 1993; 16: 115-40. A critical review.
  • Pearce SH, Merriman TR. Genetics of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2009; 38:289–301.
  • Sánchez-Lugo F. Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the Bayamon region. Bol Asoc Med P R. 1991 Feb; 83(2):54-7.
  • Radaideh A, El-Khateeb M, Batieha AM, Nasser AS, Ajlouni KM. Thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med J 2003;24(4):352-5.
  • Muralidhara krishna c s, c vibha, manohar c s, g s anil kumar, k nanda,g sadanand, nisarga, k l mahadevappa, et al. Thyroid dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. IJBMS 2010; 1:4.
  • Wiersinga WM. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. I. Prevalence and clinical relevance. Neth J Med 1995; 46:197–204.
  • Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2008.
  • Diabetes Care 2008; 31(suppl 1):S12.
  • de Benoist B et al. Iodine deficiency in 2007:
  • Global progress since 1993. http://www.who.int /nutrition/publications/micronutrients/FNBvol29 N3sep08.pdf
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Abdulmoein Al-agha

Ali Ocheltree This is me

Amr Hakeem This is me

Publication Date July 25, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Al-agha, A., Ocheltree, A., & Hakeem, A. (2011). Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Sciences, 3(3), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.19299
AMA Al-agha A, Ocheltree A, Hakeem A. Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. July 2011;3(3):1-5. doi:10.17334/jps.19299
Chicago Al-agha, Abdulmoein, Ali Ocheltree, and Amr Hakeem. “Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 2011): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.19299.
EndNote Al-agha A, Ocheltree A, Hakeem A (July 1, 2011) Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 3 3 1–5.
IEEE A. Al-agha, A. Ocheltree, and A. Hakeem, “Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus”, Journal of Pediatric Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 1–5, 2011, doi: 10.17334/jps.19299.
ISNAD Al-agha, Abdulmoein et al. “Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 3/3 (July 2011), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.19299.
JAMA Al-agha A, Ocheltree A, Hakeem A. Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2011;3:1–5.
MLA Al-agha, Abdulmoein et al. “Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, 2011, pp. 1-5, doi:10.17334/jps.19299.
Vancouver Al-agha A, Ocheltree A, Hakeem A. Thyroid Dysfunction In Children & Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2011;3(3):1-5.