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Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review

Year 2013, Volume: 5 , - , 24.10.2013

Abstract

Hot water epilepsy is a rare type of seizures, which belongs to reflex epilepsies and occurs while bathing. It is geographically distributed, mainly to India and Turkey. The differences among countries are attributed to bathing habits and genetic susceptibilities. It can present as an episode of altered or loss of consciousness accompanied by staring gaze, pallor, unresponsiveness and postictal somnolence. Pathophysiology of this clinical entity is complex and unknown. It seems that a default of the thermoregulatory system exists and leads to the occurrence of seizures due to rapid rise of temperature. Blood brain barrier plays its unique role in the genesis of hot water epilepsy. Herein, we report a new caucasian case of a two years old child, that presented with impaired consciousness during bathing with hot water. We perform an extensive literature review and discuss the questions that arise regarding the pathophysiology, etiology and management of hot water epilepsy.

References

  • Engel, J. A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2001;42:796-803.
  • Velioglu, S.K., Bakirdemir, M., Can, G., & Topbas, M. Prevalence of epilepsy in northeast Turkey. Epileptic Disord. 2010;12: 22-37.
  • Íncecik, F., Özlem Hergüner, M., Elkay, M., & Altunbasak, S. Hot water epilepsy—a report of three cases. Indian Pediatr. 2004;41:731–733.
  • Milanlioglu, A., Tombul, T., & Sayin, R. Hot water epilepsy in a pregnant woman: a case report. Case Rep Med. 2010; 1345
  • Syed, R. Hot water epilepsy: A rare form of reflex epilepsy. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2010;1:99-101.
  • Szymoniwicz, W., & Meloff, K.L. Hot water epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci. 1978;5:247–51.
  • Grosso, S., Farnetani, M.A., Francione, S., Galluzzi, P., Vatti, G., Cordelli, D.M., Morgese, G., & Balestri, P. Hot water epilepsy and focal malformation of the parietal cortex development. Brain & Dev. 2004;26:490–493.
  • Satishchandra, P. Hot water epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003;44:29–32.
  • Bebek, N., Gurses, C., Gökyiğit, A., Baykan, B., Ozkara, C., & Dervent, A. Hot water epilepsy: clinical and electrophysiological findings based on 21 cases. Epilepsia. 2001;42:1180–1184.
  • Argumosa, A., Herranz, J.L., Barras, J., & Artega, R. Reflex epilepsy from water: A new case and review of literature. Rev Neurol. 2002; 35:349–353.
  • Mani, K.S., Mani, A.J., & Ramesh, C.K. Hot water epilepsy: A peculiar type of reflex epilepsy: Clinical and EEG features in 108 cases. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1974; 99:224–226.
  • Nechay, A., & Stephenson, J. Bathinduced paroxysmal disorders in infancy. European Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 2009; 13, 203-208.
  • Franzoni, E., Gentile, V., Grosso, S., Brunetto, D., Cordelli, D.M., & Balestri, P. Bathing epilepsy report of two Caucasian cases. Epileptic Disorders, 2010;12, 88-90.
  • Ioos, C., Fohlen, M., Villeneuve, N., Badinand-Hubert, N., Jalin, C., ChelioutHeraut, F., & Pinard, G.M. Hot water epilepsy: a benign and unrecognized form. Journal of Child Neurology, 2000;15, 125–128.
  • De Kayzer, K., Corthouts, I., van Coster, R., & Verhelst, H. Hot water epilepsy: A new Caucasian case. European Journal of Pediatrics, 2005;164, 184-185.
  • Satishchandra, P., Ullal, G.R., & Shankar, S.K. (). Hot water epilepsy. Advances in Neurology, 1998; 75, 2832
  • Yalcin Deltina, A., Ertasoglu Toyedemir, H., & Forta, H. Hot water epilepsy: Clinical and electroencephalographic features of 25 cases. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006; 9, 89-94.
  • Incorpora, G., Pavone, P., Ruggieri, M., Cocuzza, M., Mazzone, L., Parano, E., & Privitera, M. Neonatal onset of hot water reflex seizures in monozygotic twins subsequently manifesting episodes of alternating hemiplegia. Epilepsy Research, 2008; 78, 225-231.
  • Zeki, G., Ilker, I.H., Hidir, U.U., & Zeki, O. Hot water epilepsy: seizure type, water temperature, EEG findings and treatement. Neurologist, 2010; 16, 109
  • Mikati, M.A., Kramer, U., Zupanc, M.L., & Shanahan, R.J. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: clinical manifestations and longterm outcome. Pediatric Neurology, 2000; 23 , 134–141.
  • Plouin, P., & Vigevano, F. (2004). In: P. Wolf , Y. Inoue, B. Zifkin, (Eds). Reflex epilepsies: progress in understanding. Hot water epilepsy in children in reflex seizures in infancy. (pp. 115-117). London: John Libbey Eurotext.
  • Ilbay, G., Sahin, D. & Ates, N. Changes in blood-brain-barrier permeability during hot-water induced seizures in rats. Neurological Sciences, 2003; 24, 2322
  • Auvin, S., Lamblin, M.D., Pandit, F., Bastos, M., Derambure, P., & Vallee, L. Hot water epilepsy occurring at temperature below the core temperature. Brain & Development, 2006; 28, 265– 2
  • Gokcil, Z., Ipekdal, H.I., Ulas, U.H. & Odabasi, Z. Hot water epilepsy: Seizure type, water temperature, EEG findings and treatment. Neurologist, 2010; 16, 109Ullal, G.R., Satishchandra, P., & Shankar, S.K. Hyperthermic seizures: an animal model for hot-water epilepsy. Seizure, 1996; 5, 221–228.
  • Bebek, N., Baykan, B., Gurses, C., Emir, O., & Gökyiğit, A. Self-induction behavior in patients with photo sensitive and hot water epilepsy: A comparative study from a tertiary epilepsy center in Turkey. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006; 9, 317–326.
  • Salas-Puig. J., Mateos, V., Amorin, M., Calleja, S., & Jiménez, L., Reflex epilepsies. Revista de Neurologia, 2000; 30 (Suppl 1), S85–S89.
  • Tajima, Y., Minami, N., Sudo, K., Moriwaka, F., & Tashiro, K. Hot water epilepsy with pineal cyst and cavum septum pellucid. The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry & Neurology, 1993; 47, 111–
  • Tezer Irsel, F., Ertas, N., Yalsin, D., & Saygi, S. Hot water with cerebral lesion: A report of five cases with cranial MRI findings. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006; 8, 672-6
  • Janigro, D., & Hallene, K. Blood-brain barrier, hot water and seizures. Neurological Sciences, 2003; 24, 231.
  • Oztas, B., & Turkel, N. Influence of an abrupt increase in blood pressure on the blood-brain barrier permeability during acute hypertension and epileptic seizures. Pharmacological Research, 2001; 44, 209-2
  • Sahin, D., Ilbay, G., & Ates, N. Changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability and in the brain tissue trace element concentrations after single and repeated pentylenetetrazoleinduced seizures in rats. Pharmacological Research, 2003; 48, 69–73.
  • Fukuda, M., Morimoto, T., Nagao, H. & Kida, K. Clinical study of epilepsy with severe febrile seizures and seizures induced by hot water bath. Brain & Development, 1997; 19, 212-216.
  • Ceulemans, B., Korinckx, M., Garmyn, K., & Wojciechowski, M. Hot water epilepsy: a video case report of a Caucasian toddler. Epileptic Disorders, 2008; 10, 45-48.
  • Lee, Y.C., Yen, D.J., Lirng, J.F. , & Yiu, C.H. Epileptic seizures in a patient by immersing his right hand into hot water. Seizure, 2000; 9, 605–607.
  • Roos, R.A., & van Dijk, J.G. Reflexepilepsy induced by immersion in hot water. Case report and review of the literature. European Neurology, 1988; 28, 6-10.
  • Shaw, N.J., Livingston, J.H., Minns, R.A., & Clarke, M. Epilepsy precipitated by bathing. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 1988; 30, 108–111.
  • Lenoir, P., Ranet, J., De Meirleir, L., D’Allest, A.M., Desprechins, B., & Loeb, H. Bathing induced seizures. Pediatric Neurology, 1989; 5, 124–125.
  • Lisovoski, F., Prier, S., Koskas, P., Dubard, T., Stievenart, G.L., Dehen, H., & Cambier, J. Hot water epilepsy in an adult: ictal EEG, MRI and SPECT features. Seizure, 1992; 1, 203-206.
  • Dhanaraj, M., & Jayavelu, A. Prophylactic use of clobazam in hot water epilepsy. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2003; 51, 43–44.
  • Kowcas, P.A., Marchioro, I.J., & Da Silva, E.B. Hot water epilepsy, warm water epilepsy or bathing epilepsy. Report of three cases and consideration regarding old theme? Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria, 2005; 63, 399–401.
Year 2013, Volume: 5 , - , 24.10.2013

Abstract

References

  • Engel, J. A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia. 2001;42:796-803.
  • Velioglu, S.K., Bakirdemir, M., Can, G., & Topbas, M. Prevalence of epilepsy in northeast Turkey. Epileptic Disord. 2010;12: 22-37.
  • Íncecik, F., Özlem Hergüner, M., Elkay, M., & Altunbasak, S. Hot water epilepsy—a report of three cases. Indian Pediatr. 2004;41:731–733.
  • Milanlioglu, A., Tombul, T., & Sayin, R. Hot water epilepsy in a pregnant woman: a case report. Case Rep Med. 2010; 1345
  • Syed, R. Hot water epilepsy: A rare form of reflex epilepsy. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2010;1:99-101.
  • Szymoniwicz, W., & Meloff, K.L. Hot water epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci. 1978;5:247–51.
  • Grosso, S., Farnetani, M.A., Francione, S., Galluzzi, P., Vatti, G., Cordelli, D.M., Morgese, G., & Balestri, P. Hot water epilepsy and focal malformation of the parietal cortex development. Brain & Dev. 2004;26:490–493.
  • Satishchandra, P. Hot water epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2003;44:29–32.
  • Bebek, N., Gurses, C., Gökyiğit, A., Baykan, B., Ozkara, C., & Dervent, A. Hot water epilepsy: clinical and electrophysiological findings based on 21 cases. Epilepsia. 2001;42:1180–1184.
  • Argumosa, A., Herranz, J.L., Barras, J., & Artega, R. Reflex epilepsy from water: A new case and review of literature. Rev Neurol. 2002; 35:349–353.
  • Mani, K.S., Mani, A.J., & Ramesh, C.K. Hot water epilepsy: A peculiar type of reflex epilepsy: Clinical and EEG features in 108 cases. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1974; 99:224–226.
  • Nechay, A., & Stephenson, J. Bathinduced paroxysmal disorders in infancy. European Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 2009; 13, 203-208.
  • Franzoni, E., Gentile, V., Grosso, S., Brunetto, D., Cordelli, D.M., & Balestri, P. Bathing epilepsy report of two Caucasian cases. Epileptic Disorders, 2010;12, 88-90.
  • Ioos, C., Fohlen, M., Villeneuve, N., Badinand-Hubert, N., Jalin, C., ChelioutHeraut, F., & Pinard, G.M. Hot water epilepsy: a benign and unrecognized form. Journal of Child Neurology, 2000;15, 125–128.
  • De Kayzer, K., Corthouts, I., van Coster, R., & Verhelst, H. Hot water epilepsy: A new Caucasian case. European Journal of Pediatrics, 2005;164, 184-185.
  • Satishchandra, P., Ullal, G.R., & Shankar, S.K. (). Hot water epilepsy. Advances in Neurology, 1998; 75, 2832
  • Yalcin Deltina, A., Ertasoglu Toyedemir, H., & Forta, H. Hot water epilepsy: Clinical and electroencephalographic features of 25 cases. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006; 9, 89-94.
  • Incorpora, G., Pavone, P., Ruggieri, M., Cocuzza, M., Mazzone, L., Parano, E., & Privitera, M. Neonatal onset of hot water reflex seizures in monozygotic twins subsequently manifesting episodes of alternating hemiplegia. Epilepsy Research, 2008; 78, 225-231.
  • Zeki, G., Ilker, I.H., Hidir, U.U., & Zeki, O. Hot water epilepsy: seizure type, water temperature, EEG findings and treatement. Neurologist, 2010; 16, 109
  • Mikati, M.A., Kramer, U., Zupanc, M.L., & Shanahan, R.J. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood: clinical manifestations and longterm outcome. Pediatric Neurology, 2000; 23 , 134–141.
  • Plouin, P., & Vigevano, F. (2004). In: P. Wolf , Y. Inoue, B. Zifkin, (Eds). Reflex epilepsies: progress in understanding. Hot water epilepsy in children in reflex seizures in infancy. (pp. 115-117). London: John Libbey Eurotext.
  • Ilbay, G., Sahin, D. & Ates, N. Changes in blood-brain-barrier permeability during hot-water induced seizures in rats. Neurological Sciences, 2003; 24, 2322
  • Auvin, S., Lamblin, M.D., Pandit, F., Bastos, M., Derambure, P., & Vallee, L. Hot water epilepsy occurring at temperature below the core temperature. Brain & Development, 2006; 28, 265– 2
  • Gokcil, Z., Ipekdal, H.I., Ulas, U.H. & Odabasi, Z. Hot water epilepsy: Seizure type, water temperature, EEG findings and treatment. Neurologist, 2010; 16, 109Ullal, G.R., Satishchandra, P., & Shankar, S.K. Hyperthermic seizures: an animal model for hot-water epilepsy. Seizure, 1996; 5, 221–228.
  • Bebek, N., Baykan, B., Gurses, C., Emir, O., & Gökyiğit, A. Self-induction behavior in patients with photo sensitive and hot water epilepsy: A comparative study from a tertiary epilepsy center in Turkey. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006; 9, 317–326.
  • Salas-Puig. J., Mateos, V., Amorin, M., Calleja, S., & Jiménez, L., Reflex epilepsies. Revista de Neurologia, 2000; 30 (Suppl 1), S85–S89.
  • Tajima, Y., Minami, N., Sudo, K., Moriwaka, F., & Tashiro, K. Hot water epilepsy with pineal cyst and cavum septum pellucid. The Japanese Journal of Psychiatry & Neurology, 1993; 47, 111–
  • Tezer Irsel, F., Ertas, N., Yalsin, D., & Saygi, S. Hot water with cerebral lesion: A report of five cases with cranial MRI findings. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2006; 8, 672-6
  • Janigro, D., & Hallene, K. Blood-brain barrier, hot water and seizures. Neurological Sciences, 2003; 24, 231.
  • Oztas, B., & Turkel, N. Influence of an abrupt increase in blood pressure on the blood-brain barrier permeability during acute hypertension and epileptic seizures. Pharmacological Research, 2001; 44, 209-2
  • Sahin, D., Ilbay, G., & Ates, N. Changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability and in the brain tissue trace element concentrations after single and repeated pentylenetetrazoleinduced seizures in rats. Pharmacological Research, 2003; 48, 69–73.
  • Fukuda, M., Morimoto, T., Nagao, H. & Kida, K. Clinical study of epilepsy with severe febrile seizures and seizures induced by hot water bath. Brain & Development, 1997; 19, 212-216.
  • Ceulemans, B., Korinckx, M., Garmyn, K., & Wojciechowski, M. Hot water epilepsy: a video case report of a Caucasian toddler. Epileptic Disorders, 2008; 10, 45-48.
  • Lee, Y.C., Yen, D.J., Lirng, J.F. , & Yiu, C.H. Epileptic seizures in a patient by immersing his right hand into hot water. Seizure, 2000; 9, 605–607.
  • Roos, R.A., & van Dijk, J.G. Reflexepilepsy induced by immersion in hot water. Case report and review of the literature. European Neurology, 1988; 28, 6-10.
  • Shaw, N.J., Livingston, J.H., Minns, R.A., & Clarke, M. Epilepsy precipitated by bathing. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 1988; 30, 108–111.
  • Lenoir, P., Ranet, J., De Meirleir, L., D’Allest, A.M., Desprechins, B., & Loeb, H. Bathing induced seizures. Pediatric Neurology, 1989; 5, 124–125.
  • Lisovoski, F., Prier, S., Koskas, P., Dubard, T., Stievenart, G.L., Dehen, H., & Cambier, J. Hot water epilepsy in an adult: ictal EEG, MRI and SPECT features. Seizure, 1992; 1, 203-206.
  • Dhanaraj, M., & Jayavelu, A. Prophylactic use of clobazam in hot water epilepsy. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2003; 51, 43–44.
  • Kowcas, P.A., Marchioro, I.J., & Da Silva, E.B. Hot water epilepsy, warm water epilepsy or bathing epilepsy. Report of three cases and consideration regarding old theme? Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria, 2005; 63, 399–401.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Efterpi Pavlidou

Anastasia Gkampeta

Evangelia Dosiadi This is me

Evangelos Pavlou This is me

Publication Date October 24, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 5

Cite

APA Pavlidou, E., Gkampeta, A., Dosiadi, E., Pavlou, E. (2013). Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Sciences, 5. https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.44629
AMA Pavlidou E, Gkampeta A, Dosiadi E, Pavlou E. Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. February 2013;5. doi:10.17334/jps.44629
Chicago Pavlidou, Efterpi, Anastasia Gkampeta, Evangelia Dosiadi, and Evangelos Pavlou. “Hot Water Epilepsy: Case Report and Literature Review”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 5, February (February 2013). https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.44629.
EndNote Pavlidou E, Gkampeta A, Dosiadi E, Pavlou E (February 1, 2013) Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 5
IEEE E. Pavlidou, A. Gkampeta, E. Dosiadi, and E. Pavlou, “Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review”, Journal of Pediatric Sciences, vol. 5, 2013, doi: 10.17334/jps.44629.
ISNAD Pavlidou, Efterpi et al. “Hot Water Epilepsy: Case Report and Literature Review”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences 5 (February 2013). https://doi.org/10.17334/jps.44629.
JAMA Pavlidou E, Gkampeta A, Dosiadi E, Pavlou E. Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2013;5. doi:10.17334/jps.44629.
MLA Pavlidou, Efterpi et al. “Hot Water Epilepsy: Case Report and Literature Review”. Journal of Pediatric Sciences, vol. 5, 2013, doi:10.17334/jps.44629.
Vancouver Pavlidou E, Gkampeta A, Dosiadi E, Pavlou E. Hot water epilepsy: case report and literature review. Journal of Pediatric Sciences. 2013;5.