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TAX AUDİTİNG 3.0 - THE POWER AND FUTURE OF ARTİFİCİAL INTELLİGENCE: INSİGHTS FROM TAX AUDİTORS AND A SURVEY STUDY

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 195 - 223, 23.06.2025

Abstract

This study aims to examine the perceptions of tax auditors in Turkey regarding the use of AI technologies in tax auditing processes and to evaluate their impacts. In the context of digital transformation and within the framework of the Tax Administration 3.0 model, AI has shown the potential to make auditing processes faster, more efficient, and more comprehensive. This study was conducted through a survey involving 355 tax auditors, and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS-27 software. According to the survey results, a majority of tax auditors consider AI to be effective in processes such as taxpayer selection and determining the scope of audits. However, they underscore the continued necessity of human intervention in more complex stages, such as examination and reporting. While tax auditors generally exhibit a positive attitude toward AI, they express significant concerns about the ability of the technology to function independently without human involvement. This study provides a unique contribution to the literature by addressing the perceptions of tax auditors regarding AI applications in tax auditing in Turkey, thereby filling an important gap in the field. The findings derived from this survey offer valuable theoretical and practical contributions to the literature and provide strategic recommendations for the effective integration of AI technologies into tax auditing processes.

References

  • Abanoz, M. (2024). Vergi Denetiminde Elektronik Uygulamalar. 5 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde https://www.tmud.org. tr/tr/ adresinden alındı.
  • Akdoğan, T. & Yavuz, H. (2022). Dijitalleşme Perspektifinden Vergi Uyumu, Ankara: iksad Publishing House. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365197276_Dijitallesme_Perspektifinden_Vergi_Uyumu
  • Alina, C. M., Cerasela, S. E., & Gabriela, G. (2018). Internal Audit Role in Artificial Intelligence. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 18(1), 441-445.
  • Arslan, K. (2022). SPSS ile Mann Whitney U testi, 25 Kasım 2024 tarihinde https://www.galloglu.com/blog/spss￾mann-whitney-u-test adresinden alındı.
  • Aslett J., González G., Hamilton S. & Pecho M. (2024). Tax Administration: Essential Analytics for Compliance Risk Management. IMF Technical Notes and Manuals 2024/01. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC
  • Australian Taxation Office. (2023). Australian Taxation Office annual report 2022–23: Part 3 – Annual performance statement, Program 1.1. Australian Government. https://www.transparency.gov.au/ publications/treasury/australian-taxation-office/australian-taxation office-annual-report-2022-23/ part-3—-annual-performance-statement/program-1.1-australian taxation-office adresinden alındı.
  • Avcı, O. (2021). Vergi Tahsilatında Yapay Zekânın Kullanımı ve Önemi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952730
  • Belahouaoui, R. & Attak, E.H. (2023). Digital Taxation, Artificial Intelligence and Tax Administration 3.0: Improving Tax Compliance Behavior A Systematic Literature Review Using Textometry (2016–2023). The Current Issue and Full Text Archive of This Journal. 37(2), 172-191. https://www.emerald.com/ insight/1030-9616.htm
  • Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2008). Technology and Taxation in Developing Countries: From Hand to Mouse. UCLA School of Law, Law-Econ Research Paper No. (08-07), 57, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1086853.
  • Costa, P. & Krivinskas, M. (2021, Şubat 11). The Digital Journey of The Tax Funtion. 25 Eylül 2024 tarihinde https://www.internationaltaxreview.com/article/b1qhsbccrf76qp/the-digital-journey-of-the-tax-function adresinden alındı.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and The Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://cda.psych.uiuc.edu/psychometrika_johnson/CronbachPaper%20%281%29.pdf
  • Erdoğan, M. (2019). Denetim 4.0 ve Ötesi. Journal of Accounting and Taxation Studies, 12(3), 809-834. https:// doi.org/10.29067/muvu.479247
  • Faro, B., (2020), Continuous Transformation of Government Agencies in The Digital Era: A Technological and Non – Technological Assessment, PhD, University of Technology Sydney.
  • Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB), (2010). Faaliyet Raporu 20 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde https://www.gib.gov.tr/ kurumsal/stratejik-yonetim/faaliyet-raporlari adresinden alındı.
  • Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB), (2011). Faaliyet Raporu 20 Ağustos 2024 https://www.gib.gov.tr/kurumsal/ stratejik-yonetim/faaliyet-raporlari adresinden alındı.
  • Junquera-Varela, R. F., Lucas-Mas, C. Ó., Krsul, I., Calderon Yksic, V. O., & Arce Rodriguez, P. (2022). Digital transformation of tax and customs administrations. EFI Insight – Governance Series. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Karataş Durmuş, N. & Arıtı, Erdem, İ. (2023). Vergi İdaresi 3.0: Yapay Zekâ Perspektifinden Bir İnceleme, Maliye Dergisi, Ocak-Haziran 2023, (184), 225-253.
  • Karmańska, A. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Audit. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego We Wrocławiu, 66 (4), 88-99. doı: 10.15611/pn.2022.4.06
  • Kayan, A. (2000). Verginin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Sebep Olduğu Bazı Önemli Olaylar, Maliye Dergisi, (135), 80-87.
  • Luna-Reyes, Luis & Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon. (2014). Digital Government Transformation and Internet Portals: The Co-Evolution of Technology, Organizations, and Institutions. Government Information Quarterly. 31(4), pp: 545-555. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2014.08.001.
  • Mergel, I., Kattel, R., Lember, V. & Mcbride, K. (2018). Citizen-Oriented Digital Transformation in The Public Sector, Proceedings of The 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, 1-3. Doı:10.1145/3209.281.3209294.
  • OECD (2020). Tax Administration 3.0: The Digital Transformation of Tax Administration, Paris: OECD Publishing. 20 Ekim 2024 tarihinde http://www.oecd.org/tax/forum-on-tax-administration/ publications-and-products/tax-administration-3-0-the-digital-transformation of tax-administration. htm adresinden alındı.
  • OECD, (2021). Tax Administration: Digital Resilience in The Covid-19 Environment, Forum on Tax Administration. Paris: OECD Publishing. 20. Eylül 2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/en/ publications/tax-administration-digital-resilience-in-the-covid-19-environment_2f3cf2fb-en.html adresinden alındı.
  • OECD, (2022). Communication and Engagement with SMEs: Supporting SMEs to Get Tax Right, OECD Forum on Tax Administration, Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c34863fa-en
  • Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi 1, Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Schpallir, Calijuri, M. (2023). Revolutionizing Taxation: Tax Administration 3.0 is already here. Review of International and European Economic Law, 2(4), 1-14. https://rieel.com/index.php/rieel/article/view/78 adresinden alındı.
  • Scribbr. (2024). How to Calculate Standard Deviation (Guide). 10 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/standard-deviation/ adresinden alındı.
  • Sidiq, D., Raharjo, T., & Trisnawaty, N. W. (2024). Towards Tax Administration 3.0: Bracing The Challenges in Mobile Application Development. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 6(2), 410-417. https://doi. org/10.37034/infeb.v6i2.915
  • Turan, D. (2020). Yapay Zekâ ve Vergi Uygulamalarına Etkisi. Anadolu Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 55-70.
  • TÜBİSAD, (2024). Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü 2023 Pazar Verileri, Mayıs, 2024, Deloitte.
  • Ürediler, T. (2019). Yapay Zekâ Gelişmelerinin Vergi Denetimine Etkileri, Vergi Raporu Dergisi, (236), 109-119, E-Makale, www.vergiraporu.com.tr.
  • Vergi Denetim Kurulu Başkanlığı (VDK), (2023). 2023 Faaliyet Raporu, www.vdk.hmb.gov.tr.
  • Vergi Denetim Kurulu Başkanlığı (VDK), (n.d), 12 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://vdk.hmb.gov.tr/vergi-incelemesi-yapmaya-yetkili-olanlar adresinden alındı
  • Warner, K.S. & Wäger, M. (2019). Building Dynamic Capabilities for Digital Transformation: An Ongoing Process of Strategic Renewal, Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326-349.
  • Yayman, D. (2021). Vergi İdarelerinin Gelecek Senaryoları. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (Jshsr), 8(76), 2872–2795. https://Doi.Org/10.26450/Jshsr.2775
  • Yegen, B. (2023). Vergilemede Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Yapay Zekâ, Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 7(2), 140-154, https:// Doi.Org/10.30586/Pek.132 9264.

VERGİ DENETİMİNDE 3.0 - YAPAY ZEKÂNIN GÜCÜ VE GELECEĞİ: VERGİ İNCELEME ELEMANLARININ GÖRÜŞÜ VE BİR ANKET ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 195 - 223, 23.06.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmamız; Türkiye’deki vergi inceleme elemanlarını1 yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin vergi denetim süreçlerindeki kullanımına yönelik algılarını ve bu teknolojilerin etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dijital dönüşüm süreciyle birlikte Vergi İdaresi 3.0 modeli kapsamında yapay zekâ; denetim süreçlerini daha hızlı, verimli ve kapsamlı hale getirme potansiyeline sahip olmuştur. Çalışmamız, 355 vergi inceleme elemanının katıldığı anket çalışmasıyla yürütülmüş ve veriler SPSS-27 pragramı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Ankete göre; vergi inceleme elemanlarının büyük bir kısmı, yapay zekânın mükellef seçimi ve denetim kapsamının belirlenmesi gibi süreçlerde etkili olduğunu düşünürken, inceleme ve raporlama gibi daha karmaşık aşamalarda insan müdahalesine duyulan ihtiyacın sürdüğünü ifade etmiştir. Bununla birlikte, vergi inceleme elemanları yapay zekâya genel olarak olumlu bir yaklaşım sergilerken, teknolojinin insan müdahalesi olmadan bağımsız çalışabileceğine dair ciddi güvensizlikler taşımaktadır. Çalışmamız; Türkiye’de vergi denetiminde yapay zekâ uygulamalarının vergi inceleme elemanlarının algısını ele alan özgün bir çalışma olup, literatürde ciddi bir boşluğu doldurma imkânı sunmaktadır. Anket çalışmamızdan elde edilen sonuçlar teorik ve pratik düzeyde literatüre önemli katkılar sağlamakta ve stratejik öneriler sunmaktadır.

References

  • Abanoz, M. (2024). Vergi Denetiminde Elektronik Uygulamalar. 5 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde https://www.tmud.org. tr/tr/ adresinden alındı.
  • Akdoğan, T. & Yavuz, H. (2022). Dijitalleşme Perspektifinden Vergi Uyumu, Ankara: iksad Publishing House. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365197276_Dijitallesme_Perspektifinden_Vergi_Uyumu
  • Alina, C. M., Cerasela, S. E., & Gabriela, G. (2018). Internal Audit Role in Artificial Intelligence. Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, 18(1), 441-445.
  • Arslan, K. (2022). SPSS ile Mann Whitney U testi, 25 Kasım 2024 tarihinde https://www.galloglu.com/blog/spss￾mann-whitney-u-test adresinden alındı.
  • Aslett J., González G., Hamilton S. & Pecho M. (2024). Tax Administration: Essential Analytics for Compliance Risk Management. IMF Technical Notes and Manuals 2024/01. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC
  • Australian Taxation Office. (2023). Australian Taxation Office annual report 2022–23: Part 3 – Annual performance statement, Program 1.1. Australian Government. https://www.transparency.gov.au/ publications/treasury/australian-taxation-office/australian-taxation office-annual-report-2022-23/ part-3—-annual-performance-statement/program-1.1-australian taxation-office adresinden alındı.
  • Avcı, O. (2021). Vergi Tahsilatında Yapay Zekânın Kullanımı ve Önemi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952730
  • Belahouaoui, R. & Attak, E.H. (2023). Digital Taxation, Artificial Intelligence and Tax Administration 3.0: Improving Tax Compliance Behavior A Systematic Literature Review Using Textometry (2016–2023). The Current Issue and Full Text Archive of This Journal. 37(2), 172-191. https://www.emerald.com/ insight/1030-9616.htm
  • Bird, R. M., & Zolt, E. M. (2008). Technology and Taxation in Developing Countries: From Hand to Mouse. UCLA School of Law, Law-Econ Research Paper No. (08-07), 57, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1086853.
  • Costa, P. & Krivinskas, M. (2021, Şubat 11). The Digital Journey of The Tax Funtion. 25 Eylül 2024 tarihinde https://www.internationaltaxreview.com/article/b1qhsbccrf76qp/the-digital-journey-of-the-tax-function adresinden alındı.
  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient Alpha and The Internal Structure of Tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://cda.psych.uiuc.edu/psychometrika_johnson/CronbachPaper%20%281%29.pdf
  • Erdoğan, M. (2019). Denetim 4.0 ve Ötesi. Journal of Accounting and Taxation Studies, 12(3), 809-834. https:// doi.org/10.29067/muvu.479247
  • Faro, B., (2020), Continuous Transformation of Government Agencies in The Digital Era: A Technological and Non – Technological Assessment, PhD, University of Technology Sydney.
  • Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB), (2010). Faaliyet Raporu 20 Ağustos 2024 tarihinde https://www.gib.gov.tr/ kurumsal/stratejik-yonetim/faaliyet-raporlari adresinden alındı.
  • Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB), (2011). Faaliyet Raporu 20 Ağustos 2024 https://www.gib.gov.tr/kurumsal/ stratejik-yonetim/faaliyet-raporlari adresinden alındı.
  • Junquera-Varela, R. F., Lucas-Mas, C. Ó., Krsul, I., Calderon Yksic, V. O., & Arce Rodriguez, P. (2022). Digital transformation of tax and customs administrations. EFI Insight – Governance Series. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Karataş Durmuş, N. & Arıtı, Erdem, İ. (2023). Vergi İdaresi 3.0: Yapay Zekâ Perspektifinden Bir İnceleme, Maliye Dergisi, Ocak-Haziran 2023, (184), 225-253.
  • Karmańska, A. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in Audit. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego We Wrocławiu, 66 (4), 88-99. doı: 10.15611/pn.2022.4.06
  • Kayan, A. (2000). Verginin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Sebep Olduğu Bazı Önemli Olaylar, Maliye Dergisi, (135), 80-87.
  • Luna-Reyes, Luis & Gil-Garcia, J. Ramon. (2014). Digital Government Transformation and Internet Portals: The Co-Evolution of Technology, Organizations, and Institutions. Government Information Quarterly. 31(4), pp: 545-555. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2014.08.001.
  • Mergel, I., Kattel, R., Lember, V. & Mcbride, K. (2018). Citizen-Oriented Digital Transformation in The Public Sector, Proceedings of The 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age, 1-3. Doı:10.1145/3209.281.3209294.
  • OECD (2020). Tax Administration 3.0: The Digital Transformation of Tax Administration, Paris: OECD Publishing. 20 Ekim 2024 tarihinde http://www.oecd.org/tax/forum-on-tax-administration/ publications-and-products/tax-administration-3-0-the-digital-transformation of tax-administration. htm adresinden alındı.
  • OECD, (2021). Tax Administration: Digital Resilience in The Covid-19 Environment, Forum on Tax Administration. Paris: OECD Publishing. 20. Eylül 2024 tarihinde https://www.oecd.org/en/ publications/tax-administration-digital-resilience-in-the-covid-19-environment_2f3cf2fb-en.html adresinden alındı.
  • OECD, (2022). Communication and Engagement with SMEs: Supporting SMEs to Get Tax Right, OECD Forum on Tax Administration, Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/c34863fa-en
  • Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket Programlar ile İstatistiksel Veri Analizi 1, Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Schpallir, Calijuri, M. (2023). Revolutionizing Taxation: Tax Administration 3.0 is already here. Review of International and European Economic Law, 2(4), 1-14. https://rieel.com/index.php/rieel/article/view/78 adresinden alındı.
  • Scribbr. (2024). How to Calculate Standard Deviation (Guide). 10 Temmuz 2024 tarihinde https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/standard-deviation/ adresinden alındı.
  • Sidiq, D., Raharjo, T., & Trisnawaty, N. W. (2024). Towards Tax Administration 3.0: Bracing The Challenges in Mobile Application Development. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 6(2), 410-417. https://doi. org/10.37034/infeb.v6i2.915
  • Turan, D. (2020). Yapay Zekâ ve Vergi Uygulamalarına Etkisi. Anadolu Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(1), 55-70.
  • TÜBİSAD, (2024). Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Sektörü 2023 Pazar Verileri, Mayıs, 2024, Deloitte.
  • Ürediler, T. (2019). Yapay Zekâ Gelişmelerinin Vergi Denetimine Etkileri, Vergi Raporu Dergisi, (236), 109-119, E-Makale, www.vergiraporu.com.tr.
  • Vergi Denetim Kurulu Başkanlığı (VDK), (2023). 2023 Faaliyet Raporu, www.vdk.hmb.gov.tr.
  • Vergi Denetim Kurulu Başkanlığı (VDK), (n.d), 12 Aralık 2024 tarihinde https://vdk.hmb.gov.tr/vergi-incelemesi-yapmaya-yetkili-olanlar adresinden alındı
  • Warner, K.S. & Wäger, M. (2019). Building Dynamic Capabilities for Digital Transformation: An Ongoing Process of Strategic Renewal, Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326-349.
  • Yayman, D. (2021). Vergi İdarelerinin Gelecek Senaryoları. International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (Jshsr), 8(76), 2872–2795. https://Doi.Org/10.26450/Jshsr.2775
  • Yegen, B. (2023). Vergilemede Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Yapay Zekâ, Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 7(2), 140-154, https:// Doi.Org/10.30586/Pek.132 9264.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sibel Çakır 0000-0002-7018-0735

Nermin Çıtak 0000-0002-5293-6797

Mustafa Durak 0000-0002-1300-1964

Publication Date June 23, 2025
Submission Date March 21, 2025
Acceptance Date May 16, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çakır, S., Çıtak, N., & Durak, M. (2025). VERGİ DENETİMİNDE 3.0 - YAPAY ZEKÂNIN GÜCÜ VE GELECEĞİ: VERGİ İNCELEME ELEMANLARININ GÖRÜŞÜ VE BİR ANKET ÇALIŞMASI. Journal of Research in Business, 10(1), 195-223. https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1662164