Journal of Research in Business (JRB), an international academic and peer-reviewed journal of Marmara University Faculty of Business Administration. JRB is published twice a year in June and December. The main aim of the journal is to contribute to the literature and practice via publishing quantitative or qualitative novel scientific studies. English, German and Turkish manuscripts are accepted.

Authors are advised to use following list before submit their manuscripts. For more details, please use Author Guidelines.

Main manuscript document:

o The title of the manuscript (check table for title languages in author guideline)
o Titles, full names, affiliations, e-mail addresses and ORCID IDs of all authors
o Abstract with maximum 250 words (check table for abstract languages in author guideline)
o Key words with 3-5 words
o Main article sections
    § Introduction
    § Literature Survey (for research articles)
    § Research Findings (for research articles)
    § Conclusion
o In footnote of first page;
    § Financial support (if exists)
    § Conflict of interest (if exists)
    § Acknowledgement (if exists)
o References
o Tables, Figures, Graphs (covering title, description, source, footnotes)

After acceptance for publishing:
o Copyright Agreement Form
o Permission of previously published copyrighted material if used in the present manuscript

Publication Policy
The content of the manuscripts submitted to the journal for publication should be in line with the aim and scope of the journal. Original research articles are preferred for publishing.

General Principles
Manuscripts that were not published before or at review stage in another journal are accepted for evaluation.

Manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using Turnitin or Ithenticate softwares. Manuscripts with more than 20% similarity are directly rejected. After the check, editorial board evaluate the eligible studies for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the aim and scope of the journal.

Manuscripts should match presenting and formatting rules. Those manuscripts which do meet the requirements are rejected by editorial board. The name of an author cannot be omitted, added or order of the names cannot be changed in papers submitted to the Journal. Authors of the published papers cannot claim any payment.

The authors of submitted manuscripts accept all statements.

Open Access Statement
Journal of Research in Business (JRB) is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.

The articles in JRB are open access articles licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en)

Article Processing Charge
Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Peer Review Process
Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control and plagiarism check are evaluated by editorial board for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the aim and scope of the journal.

The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international reviewers for evaluation. In case of one positive an done negative reviewerreports, the manuscript is sent to third reviewer for evaluation. Publication decision is given according to report of the third reviewer.

Editorial board gives importance that the reviewers and the authors are from different institutions during review process. Ad-hoc reviewers can contribute to the journals in line with their expertise and the field of the manuscripts. Reviewers for interdisciplinary works are determined in accordance with their interests.

Reviewers are required to make objective judgements upon the sections of the manuscript evaluation form sent by editorial board.

Publication Ethics
The Journal of Research in Business (JRB) is committed to maintaining the highest level of publication ethics. The journal follows the principles of Core Practices prepared in accordance with the guidelines and policies developed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for journal . In cases of misconduct or violation of publication ethics, the journal will take the publication ethics flowcharts developed by COPE (https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts) as a reference.

Content published in this journal is peer reviewed (Double Blind).

The authors must claim that all submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously.

Sources used in the study should be cited and reported in the list of references properly. Each manuscript is reviewed by at least two reviewers under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, falsification and research/data fabrication, duplication, salami slicing, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication.

Research Ethics
Journal of Business Research adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.

o Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.
o The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.
o The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
o Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.
o Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.
o The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.
o In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.
o If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.
o In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

Author Responsibilities
It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.

All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the Copyright Agreement Form. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.

All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Responsibility for the Editor and Reviewers
Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.

Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.

Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective. Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side. A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.

PRESENTING AND FORMATTING

Manuscript Organization

The Journal of Research in Business welcomes manuscripts English, German and Turkish. All manuscripts should be submitted via journal web site, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jrb. The authors of accepted manuscripts should sign Copyright Transfer Form and send it to the editorial board. The manuscripts for the journal should be prepared as follows:

1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 12 font size and line spacing of 1.5.
2. The manuscripts should be limited to 40 pages and the page numbers must be at the bottom right side.
3. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the title, affiliation, e-mail and ORCID ID of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).
4. Depending on the manuscript language, the following table should be taken into consideration. In addition, the abstracts are limited to 250 words and should contain the purpose, the scope, the methodology used and key results in brief. 3 to 5 keywords should be specified and given under the abstracts.

Manuscript                    Language  Order	English	German	Turkish
Title	1. English title (13.5pt) 2. Turkish title (12pt) (optional)	1. German title (13.5pt) 2. English title (12pt)	1. Turkish title (13.5pt) 2. English title (12pt)
Abstract	1. English abstract (9pt) 2. Turkish abstract (9pt) (optional)	1. German abstract (9pt) 2. English abstract (9pt)	1. Turkish abstract (9pt) 2. English abstract (9pt)

5. The manuscripts should contain mainly title(s), abstract(s) and keywords, body text with sections, references and appendices.
6. Authors should follow the 6th version of the APA (American Psychological Association) reference style for both in-text citation and references list.
7. Tables, graphs and figures should be numbered and have defining titles. Title of tables should be placed above the table while title of figures and graphs should be placed beneath.
8. The author bears the responsibility for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.

References

For citing in the text and the references, APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition should be followed. (http://www.apastyle.org). Citations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same parenthesis, separate them with (;). Authors must ensure that the names and the dates of the references are the same both in the text and the list of references.

Examples for citing in the text are shown as follow:
Zimmerman (1983)
Bloomfield & Anderson, 2010
Chen et al. (2010)
(Gneezy, Niederle, & Rustichini, 2003; Gneezy & Rustichini, 2004).
(Post et al., 2008)

The followings are examples for citing in the references:
Almeida, H., Campello, M., & Weisbach, M. S. (2004). The cash flow sensitivity of cash. Journal of Finance, 59(4), 1777–1804.
Bao, D., Chan, K. C., & Zhang, W. (2012). Asymmetric cash flow sensitivity of cash holdings. Journal of Corporate Finance, 18, 690–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.05.003.
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Chen, D., Gan. C., Hu, B. (2013). An empirical study of mutual funds performance in China. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstrat=2220323 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2220323.
Cleary, S. (1999). The relationship between firm investment and financial status. Journal of Finance, 54(2), 673–692.
Fazzari, S. M., Hubbard, R. G., Petersen, B. C., Blinder, A. S., & Poterba, J. M. (1988). Financing constraints and corporate investment. Brokings Papers on Economic Activity, 1988(1), 141–206.
Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.