Writing Rules
The Journal of Research in Business welcomes manuscripts in English, German and Turkish. All manuscripts should be submitted via the journal website, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jrb. The authors of accepted manuscripts sign the Copyright Transfer Form and send it to the editorial board. The authors bear the responsibility for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication. The manuscripts for the journal should be prepared as follows:
1. Font Type
All text should be written in Times New Romans font style in 12 font size and line spacing of 1.5. At the beginning of a paragraph, you should not use the tab key.
2. Page Setup
The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom, and top. In addition, the number of pages should not exceed 40, including the abstract and references, and the page numbers must be at the bottom right side.
4. Title and Abstract
Depending on the manuscript language, the following table should be taken into consideration. In addition, the abstracts are limited to 250 words and should contain the purpose, the scope, the methodology used, and key results in brief. 3 to 5 keywords should be specified and given under the abstracts.
Manuscript Language Order | English | German | Turkish |
Title | 1. English title (13.5pt) 2. Turkish title (12pt) (optional) | 1. German title (13.5pt) 2. English title (12pt) | 1. Turkish title (13.5pt) 2. English title (12pt) |
Abstract | 1. English abstract (9pt) 2. Turkish abstract (9pt) (optional) | 1. German abstract (9pt) 2. English abstract (9pt) | 1. Turkish abstract (9pt) 2. English abstract (9pt) |
5. Body Text
The manuscripts should contain mainly title(s), abstract(s) and keywords body text with sections, references, and appendices. It should be noted that manuscripts written in Turkish should have an extended summary in English.
Click here to download the manuscript template.
6. Tables and Figures
All images, graphs, and figures are to be named as Figure and all tables as Table. Tables and figures should be numbered and have defining titles. The title of tables should be placed above the table while the title of figures should be placed beneath.
Examples: Table 1: Descriptive Statistics / Figure 1: Conceptual Model
Figures should be high quality, and the colours used in the figures should be black and white. In tables vertical lines should not be used. Horizontal lines should be used only to separate the subtitles within the table. The size of the tables and figures should not exceed the page size. Decimal numbers to be used in tables should be given as 2 digits after the comma.
7. List of Appendices
Appendices should be given at the end of the manuscripts after the references.
8. Quotations and Citations
Authors should follow the 6th version of the APA (American Psychological Association) reference style for both in-text citation and references list. Citations must be indicated with the author's surname and publication year within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same parenthesis, separate them with (;).
Authors must ensure that the names and the dates of the references are the same both in the text and the list of references.
Examples for citing in the text are shown as follow:
Zimmerman (1983)
(Bloomfield & Anderson, 2010)
Chen et al. (2010: 122)
(Gneezy, Niederle, & Rustichini, 2003; Gneezy & Rustichini, 2004).
(Post et al., 2008)
9. References
The references should be included at the end of the text and should be named as a references under the format of the publication of the APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition (https://apastyle.apa.org/). The utilised citations should be given in alphabetical order and 11 font size in the references section. The scientific studies belonging to the same author should be sorted from the oldest to the newest one. If the author’s name is not certain, the name of the scientific study should be written instead of the author name. The second and subsequent lines of the reference section should be set to start from 1 cm inside.
The followings are examples for citing in the references:
Almeida, H., Campello, M., & Weisbach, M. S. (2004). The cash flow sensitivity of cash. Journal of Finance, 59(4), 1777–1804.
Bao, D., Chan, K. C., & Zhang, W. (2012). Asymmetric cash flow sensitivity of cash holdings. Journal of Corporate Finance, 18, 690–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.05.003.
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Chen, D., Gan. C., Hu, B. (2013). An empirical study of mutual funds performance in China. Retrieved from http://ssrn.com/abstrat=2220323 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2220323.
Cleary, S. (1999). The relationship between firm investment and financial status. Journal of Finance, 54(2), 673–692.
Fazzari, S. M., Hubbard, R. G., Petersen, B. C., Blinder, A. S., & Poterba, J. M. (1988). Financing constraints and corporate investment. Bookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1988(1), 141–206.
Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.
A) Books
Reference Example:Lindsey, B., & Teles, S. M. (2017). The captured economy: How the powerful enrich themselves, slow down growth, and increase inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
In-Text Citation Examples: Lindsey & Teles (2017) or (Lindsey & Teles, 2017)
A-1) Edition Included
Reference Example:Wolfe, J. M., Kluender, K. R., Dennis, L. M., Bartoshuk, L. M., Herz, R. S., Lederman, S. J., & Merfeld, D. M. (2015). Sensation & perception (4th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
In-Text Citation Examples: Wolfe et al. (2015) or (Wolfe et al., 2015)
A-2) Part of Edited or Translated Work
Reference Example:Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.
In-Text Citation Examples: Plath (2000) or (Plath, 2000)
Reference Example:
Kariagina, T. D. & Ivanova, A. V. (2017). Empathy as an ability: Structure and development during training in psychological counseling (S. Shabad, Trans.). Journal of Russian & East European Psychology, 54(6), 470–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/10610405.2017.1448180 (Original work published 2013).
In-Text Citation Examples: Kariagina & Ivanova (2017) or (Kariagina & Ivanova, 2017)
A-3) Book Chapter
Reference Example:Saks Berman, J. (1995). From Chicago to Rainbow Bridge: In search of changing woman. In E. F. Williams (Ed.), Voices of feminist therapy (pp. 11–25). Reading: Harwood Academic Publishers.
In-Text Citation Examples: Berman (1995) or (Berman, 1995)
A-4) e-Book
Reference Example:Strauss, J., Frost, R., & Ansary, A. I. (2009). E-marketing (Vol. 4). Retrieved from https://kera.pw/sakok_gal_v_cyx_kexi.html.
In-Text Citation Examples: Strauss, Frost & Ansary (2009) or (Strauss, Frost & Ansary, 2009)
A-5) Book with no author
Reference Example:Webster's basic English dictionary (2000). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
In-Text Citation Examples: Webster's basic English dictionary (2000) or (Webster's basic English dictionary, 2000)
B) Journals, Magazines, and Newspapers
B-1) Journal Articles
Reference Example:Voordt, J. M. (2004). Productivity and employee satisfaction in flexible workplaces. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 6(2), 133-148.
In-Text Citation Examples: Voordt (2014) or (Voordt, 2014).
Reference Example:
Wu, X., Shie, A. J., & Gordon, D. (2017). Impact of customer orientation on turnover intention: Mediating role of emotional labour. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(5), 909-927.
In-Text Citation Examples: Wu, Shie & Gordon (2017) or (Wu, Shie & Gordon, 2017).
B-2) Journal Articles Online
Reference Example:Aygören, H., Yeşilyurt, M., Güloğlu, B., & Küçükkaplan, İ. (2015). Türk bankacılık sektöründe hisse senedi performansı ve etkinlik arasındaki ilişki. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(2), 203-215. Retrieved from https://journal.dogus.edu.tr/ojs/index.php/duj/article/view/914.
In-Text Citation Examples: Aygören, Yeşilyurt, Güloğlu ve Küçükkaplan (2015) or (Aygören, Yeşilyurt, Güloğlu ve Küçükkaplan, 2015)
Reference Example:
Bao, D., Chan, K. C., & Zhang, W. (2012). Asymmetric cash flow sensitivity of cash holdings. Journal of Corporate Finance, 7(4), 690–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2012.05.003.
In-Text Citation Examples: Bao, Chan & Zhang (2012) or (Bao, Chan & Zhang, 2012)
B-3) Printed Magazine Article
Reference Example:Hersey, J. (1946, August 31). Hiroshima. The New Yorker, 22(33), 15–68.
In-Text Citation Examples: Hersey (2003) or (Hersey, 2003)
B-4) Online Magazine Article
Reference Example:Kuttner, R. (2003, September 8). The great American pension-fund robbery. Business Week, 24-26. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com.
In-Text Citation Examples: Kuttner (2003) or (Kuttner, 2003)
B-5) Newspaper Article
Reference Example:Kumcu. E. (2006, 11 Aralık). Büyüme yavaşlama sinyali veriyor. Hürriyet Gazetesi. p.9.
In-Text Citation Examples: Kumcu (2006) or (Kumcu, 2006)
Reference Example: Aw, J. (2012, June 12). Stopping the soda bulge: Why we need to consider restricting sugary beverages. National Post. Retrieved from https://nationalpost.com/health/stopping-the-soda-bulge-why-we-need-to-consider-restricting-sugary-beverages.
In-Text Citation Examples: Aw (2012) or (Aw, 2012)
C) Conference Proceedings and Papers
C-1) Conference paper published in book form
Reference Example:Taylor, J. L. & Lindsay, W. R. (2006). Developments in the treatment and management of offenders with intellectual disabilities. In: L. Falshaw & L.Rayment (Eds.), Division of Forensic Psychology Conference 2006: Invited Symposiums (pp. 23-31). Leicester: British Psychological Society.
In-Text Citation Examples: Taylor & Lindsay (2006) or (Taylor & Lindsay, 2006)
C-2) Paper Presentation
Reference Example:Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March). Why aren’t we using 3D user interfaces, and will we ever? Paper presented at the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vr.2006.148
In-Text Citation Examples: Balakrishnan (2006) or (Balakrishnan, 2006)
D) Dissertation and theses
Reference Example:Yasa, A. (2019). Instagram Mağazalarında Güven Oluşturan Faktörler. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Marmara University, Istanbul.
In-Text Citation Examples: Yasa (2019) or (Yasa, 2019)
Reference Example:
Rich, P. D. (1989). The rule of ritual in the Arabian Gulf, 1858-1947: The influence of English public schools. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses – UK & Ireland. (AAT 8918197)
In-Text Citation Examples: Rich (2019) or (Rich, 2019)
E) Websites
Reference Example:Canadian Cancer Society. (2013, April 14). Cancer research. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-101/cancer-research/?region=on.
In-Text Citation Examples: Canadian Cancer Society (2013) or (Canadian Cancer Society, 2013)
Reference Example:
Kmec, J. (2012, March 13). Where’s the Boss? And What Counts as “Work”? The Society Pages. Retrieved from https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/03/13/wheres-the-boss-and-what-counts-as-work/.
In-Text Citation Examples: Kmec (2012) or (Kmec, 2012)
Reference Example:
Özvar, E. (n.d.). Rektörün Mesajı. Retrieved from https://www.marmara.edu.tr/rektorun-mesaji.
In-Text Citation Examples: Özvar (n.d.) or (Özvar, n.d.)
F) Reports
Reference Example:Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, (2021). 2020 Yılı Kurumsal Mali Durum ve Beklentiler Raporu. Retrieved from https://www.tuik.gov.tr/media/corporatecontent/MaliRapor20.pdf.
In-Text Citation Examples: First citation: (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK], 2021) Subsequent citations: (TÜİK, 2012).