Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey

Dicle Çevik; Etil Güzelmeriç; Erdem Yeşilada

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey

Abstract

assiflora incarnata L. (Passifloraceae) has been traditionally used to treat ailments such as dysmenorrhoea, insomnia, epilepsy and neuralgia. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of P. incarnata products in the Turkish market were studied via High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and vitexin, isovitexin, orientin and isoorientin were used as bioactive marker compounds. Seven herbal tea samples (T1-7) composing P. incarnata herb, eighteen capsules/tablets/powders (C1-18) and four syrups (S1-4) containing P. incarnata extract were purchased from pharmacies, markets, herbalists or e- commerce websites in Turkey. Comparing HPTLC fingerprinting profiles of the reference plant (P. incarnata) with the samples indicated that only T1, C1-C3, C5, C7, C11, C12, C14, C15 and S1 showed similar chemical fingerprints with the reference plant material. On the HPLC analysis, the total ratio of investigated compounds was 6.33% and 2.08% in hydroalcoholic (70% EtOH) and aqueous extracts of reference P. incarnata, respectively. Furthermore, hydroalcoholic extract of T1 was found to possess higher content (6.40%) than other tested tea samples (T2-6). However, based on the morphological characteristics, the tea sample (T7) was identified as Jerusalem thorn (Paliurus spina-christi) fruits. Among the food supplements (C1-18), only nine were determined to contain the reference molecules (3.301-0.827%), consistent with HPTLC results, and C1 exerted the highest total percentage. To conclude, most of the marketing P. incarnata products in Turkey were adulterated or contained lower amounts of bioactive components.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacognosy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Dicle Çevik ^*
0000-0001-9257-5765
Türkiye

Etil Güzelmeriç
0000-0001-9696-3271
Türkiye

Erdem Yeşilada
0000-0002-1348-6033
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 27, 2025

Submission Date

September 13, 2022

Acceptance Date

November 8, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 27 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çevik, D., Güzelmeriç, E., & Yeşilada, E. (2025). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(2), 609-619. https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX

AMA

1.Çevik D, Güzelmeriç E, Yeşilada E. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(2):609-619. https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX

Chicago

Çevik, Dicle, Etil Güzelmeriç, and Erdem Yeşilada. 2025. “Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Marketing Passiflora Incarnata L. Formulations in Turkey”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 (2): 609-19. https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX.

EndNote

Çevik D, Güzelmeriç E, Yeşilada E (June 1, 2025) Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 2 609–619.

IEEE

[1]D. Çevik, E. Güzelmeriç, and E. Yeşilada, “Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 609–619, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX

ISNAD

Çevik, Dicle - Güzelmeriç, Etil - Yeşilada, Erdem. “Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Marketing Passiflora Incarnata L. Formulations in Turkey”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/2 (June 1, 2025): 609-619. https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX.

JAMA

1.Çevik D, Güzelmeriç E, Yeşilada E. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:609–619.

MLA

Çevik, Dicle, et al. “Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of the Marketing Passiflora Incarnata L. Formulations in Turkey”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 609-1, https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX.

Vancouver

1.Dicle Çevik, Etil Güzelmeriç, Erdem Yeşilada. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marketing Passiflora incarnata L. formulations in Turkey. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;27(2):609-1. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA29SS36NX