Sporda çift yönlü kariyer

Abstract

Genç ve nitelikli bireylerin, kariyerleriyle ilgili geniş bir anlayışa sahip olmaları sağlıklı bir süreç geçirilmesi açısından önemlidir. Son dönemde sadece tek bir mesleğe yönelimin yer aldığı kariyer olgusundan çok uzun vadede bireyin gelişimine odaklı bir şekilde katmanlı bir yapı olarak karşımıza çıkan çift yönlü kariyer yaklaşımına rastlanmaktadır. Çift yönlü kariyer, her iki meslek alanında özel uzmanlık ve deneyim gerektirirken, bu yaklaşımın bireye farklı alanlarda statü, unvan ve kariyer yolları sunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımla hem eğitim hayatını hem de kariyerini sürdüren bireylerin bir bölümünü de sporcular oluşturmaktadır. Hem spor kariyeri hem de eğitim hayatı devam eden öğrenci sporcular akademik başarı elde etmeye çalışmanın yanı sıra yoğun antrenman ve maç programları, kamplar ve okul takımında yer alma gibi çeşitli sorumlulukları eş zamanlı olarak yürütmektedir. Spor dallarına göre değişiklik göstermekle birlikte, hem biyolojik faktörlerin etkisiyle spor kariyerinin belli bir yaşa kadar devam etmesi, hem de sürekli bir sakatlık riskinin varlığı, çift yönlü kariyerin spor sonrası yaşam için önemini artırmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kariyer
• çift yönlü kariyer
• spor
• sportif kariyer

Dual career in sports

Abstract

Young and qualified individuals must have a broad understanding of their careers to have a healthy process. Recently, there has been a dual career approach, which is a layered structure that focuses on the development of the individual in the long term rather than a career that focuses on a single profession. While a dual career requires particular expertise and experience in both professions, this approach offers status, title, and career paths in different fields. Some of the individuals who pursue both their education and career with this approach are athletes. Student-athletes who continue their sports career and education life simultaneously carry out various responsibilities such as intensive training and game programs and camps, participating in the school team, and trying to achieve academic success. Although it varies according to sports disciplines, the sports career continues until a certain age due to biological factors, and the presence of a constant risk of injury increases the importance of a dual career for life after sports.

Keywords

• Career
• dual career
• sport
• sporting career

References

1. Adler, P. & Adler, P. A. (1985). From Idealism To Pragmatic Detachment: The Academic Performance Of College Athletes. Sociology Of Education, 241-250.
2. Alfermann, D. & Stambulova N. (2007). Career Transitions And Career Termination. In G. Tenenbaum & R. C. Eklund (Eds.), Handbook Of Sport Psychology (pp. 712–733). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Aunola, K., Selänne, A., Selänne, H. & Ryba, T. V. (2018). The Role Of Adolescent Athletes' Task Value Patterns In Their Educational And Athletic Career Aspirations. Learning and Individual Differences, 63, 34-43.
4. Aydoğdu, Ü. R., Karamustafaoğlu, O. & Bülbül, M. Ş. (2017). Akademik Araştırmalarda Araştırma Yöntemleri İle Örneklem İlişkisi: Doğrulayıcı Doküman Analizi Örneği. Z.G. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (30), 556-565.
5. Baron-Thiene, A. & Alfermann, D. (2015). Personal Characteristics As Predictors For Dual Career Dropout Versus Continuation–A Prospective Study Of Adolescent Athletes From German Elite Sport Schools. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 21, 42-49.
6. Baruch, Y. (2014). The Development And Validation Of A Measure For Protean Career Orientation. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(19), 2702-2723.
7. Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis As A Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
8. Bozyiğit, E., Kılıç, S. K., Öncü, E. & Gürbüz, B. (2022). Sporcu Öğrenci Kariyer Farkındalığı Envanteri: Faktör Yapısı Ve Demografik Farklılıklar. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 237-251.

9. Capranica, L. & Millard-Stafford, M. L. (2011). Youth Sport Specialization: How To Manage Competition And Training?. International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, 6(4), 572-579.
10. Cartigny, E., Fletcher, D., Coupland, C. & Taylor, G. (2021). Mind The Gap: A Grounded Theory Of Dual Career Pathways In Sport. Journal Of Applied Sport Psychology, 33(3), 280-301.
11. Conzelmann, A. & Nagel, S. (2003). Professional Careers Of The German Olympic Athletes. International Review For The Sociology Of Sport, 38(3), 259-280.
12. Cosh, S., & Tully, P. J. (2015). Stressors, Coping, And Support Mechanisms For Student Athletes Combining Elite Sport And Tertiary Education: Implications For Practice. The Sport Psychologist, 29(2), 120-133.
13. De Brandt, K., Wylleman, P., Torregrossa, M., Defruyt, S., & Van Rossem, N. (2017). Student-Athletes’ Perceptions Of Four Dual Career Competencies. Revista De Psicología Del Deporte, 26(4), 28-33.
14. De Knop, P., Wylleman, P., Van Hoecke, J., De Martalaer, K. & Bollaert, L. (1999). A European Approach To The Management Of The Combination Of Academics And Elite-Level Sport. Perspectives: The Interdisciplinary Series Of Physical Education And Sport Science: School Sports And Competition, 1, 49-62.
15. De Subijana, C. L., Barriopedro, M. & Conde, E. (2015). Supporting Dual Career In Spain: Elite Athletes' Barriers To Study. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 21, 57-64.
16. Debois, N., Ledon, A. & Wylleman, P. (2015). A Lifespan Perspective On The Dual Career Of Elite Male athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 21, 15-26.
17. Drucker, P. F. (2003). Geleceğin Toplumunda Yönetim (M. Zaman, Çev.). İstanbul: Promat.
18. Durand-Bush, N. & Salmela, J. H. (2002). The Development And Maintenance Of Expert Athletic Performance: Perceptions Of World And Olympic Champions. Journal Of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 154-171.
19. Hackfort, D., Duda, J. L. & Lidor, R. (2005). Handbook Of Research In Applied Sport And Exercise Psychology: International Perspectives. West Virginia: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.
20. Hall, D. T. (1996). The Career Is Dead--Long Live the Career. A Relational Approach to Careers. The Jossey-Bass Business & Management Series. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.
21. Herdman, E. A. (2006). Derleme Makale Yazımında, Konferans Ve Bildiri Sunumu Hazırlamada Pratik Bilgiler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 3(1), 2-4.
22. Hunter, W. D. (2004). Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, And Experiences Necessary To Become Globally Competent. Pennsylvania: Lehigh University.
23. Karadağ, D. & Aşçı, F. H. (2021). "Sporcular İçin Çift Kariyer Yetkinliği Ölçeği"nin Türkçe Uyarlaması. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(2), 284-291.
24. Karakaş, U., Esen, S. & Uslu, T. (2021). Spor Lisesi Öğrencilerinin Demografik Özellikleri ve Okul Türü Bağlamında Karakteristik Özelliklerinin ve Kariyer Kaygılarının Farklılaşması, 19th International Sport Sciences Congress Book of Abstracts, Spor Bilimleri Derneği, 11-14 November 2020, ISBN: 978-605-74924-3-2, 188-189.
25. Koçak, F., Sönmez, B. Y. & Doğusan, S. N. (2023). Türkiye'de Çift Kariyer Yolunda Öğrenci Sporcular: Eğitim Mi Spor Mu İkilemi?. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 243-263.
26. Küttel, A., Christensen, M. K., Zysko, J. & Hansen, J. (2020). A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Dual Career Environments For Elite Athletes İn Switzerland, Denmark, And Poland. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(4), 454-471.
27. Lupo, C., Guidotti, F., Goncalves, C. E., Moreira, L., Doupona Topic, M., Bellardini, H. ... & Capranica, L. (2015). Motivation Towards Dual Career Of European Student‐Athletes. European Journal Of Sport Science, 15(2), 151-160.
28. Lupo, C., Mosso, C. O., Guidotti, F., Cugliari, G., Pizzigalli, L. & Rainoldi, A. (2017). The Adapted Italian Version Of The Baller Identity Measurement Scale To Evaluate The Student-Athletes’ Identity In Relation To Gender, Age, Type Of Sport, And Competition Level. Plos One, 12(1), e0169278.
29. Miller, P. S. & Kerr, G. (2002). The Athletic, Academic And Social Experiences Of Intercollegiate Student-Athletes. Journal Of Sport Behavior, 25(4), 346-367.
30. Purdy, D. A., Eitzen, D. S. & Hufnagel, R. (1982). Are Athletes Also Students? The Educational Attainment Of College Athletes. Social Problems, 29(4), 439-448.
31. Ryba, T. V., Stambulova, N. B., Selänne, H., Aunola, K. & Nurmi, J. E. (2017). “Sport Has Always Been First For Me” But “All My Free Time Is Spent Doing Homework”: Dual Career Styles İn Late Adolescence. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 33, 131-140.
32. Stambulova, N. (2010). Counseling Athletes İn Career Transitions: The Five-Step Career Planning Strategy. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1(2), 95-105.
33. Stambulova, N. B. & Wylleman, P. (2015). Dual Career Development And Transitions, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 21, 1-134.
34. Stambulova, N. B., Engström, C., Franck, A., Linnér, L. & Lindahl, K. (2015). Searching For An Optimal Balance: Dual Career Experiences Of Swedish Adolescent Athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 21, 4-14.
35. Storm, L. K., Henriksen, K., Stambulova, N. B., Cartigny, E., Ryba, T. V., De Brandt, K. ... & Erpič, S. C. (2021). Ten Essential Features Of European Dual Career Development Environments: A Multiple Case Study. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 54, 101918.
36. Sum, R. K. W., Tsai, H. H., Ching Ha, A. S., Cheng, C. F., Wang, F. J. & Li, M. (2017). Social-Ecological Determinants Of Elite Student Athletes’ Dual Career Development In Hong Kong And Taiwan. Sage Open, 7(2), 1-12.
37. Şimşek, M. Ş. & Öge, H. S. (2014). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi. Konya: Eğitim.
38. Taylor, J. & Lavallee, D. (2009). Career Transition Among Athletes: Is There Life After Sports?. In Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth To Peak Performance (pp. 542-562). New York: McGraw Hill.
39. Torregrosa, M., Ramis, Y., Pallarés, S., Azócar, F. & Selva, C. (2015). Olympic Athletes Back To Retirement: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 21, 50-56.
40. Umbach, P. D., Palmer, M. M., Kuh, G. D. & Hannah, S. J. (2006). Intercollegiate Athletes And Effective Educational Practices: Winning Combination Or Losing Effort?. Research In Higher Education, 47, 709-733.
41. Uslu, T. (2021) Coaching İn The Context Of Positive Psychology: Enhancement Of Performance Perception And Coaching Behaviours With Positive Leadership Through Employee Empowerment İn Organizational Processes, Fenerbahce University Journal of Sport Science (FBU-JSS), 1(2), 2755.
42. Uslu, T. & Çubuk, D. (2015) The Effects Of Knowledge Management And Self-Organization On Organizational Creativity: The Mediating Roles Of Corporate İnnovativeness And Organizational Communications. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 4(4), 403-413.
43. Wylleman, P. & Lavallee, D. (2004). A Developmental Perspective On Transitions Faced By Athletes. In M. Weiss (Ed.), Developmental Sport And Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan Perspective (pp. 507-527). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Tec.
44. Wylleman, P. & Reints, A. (2010). A Lifespan Perspective On The Career Of Talented And Elite Athletes: Perspectives On High‐Intensity Sports. Scandinavian Journal Of Medicine & Science In Sports, 20, 88-94.
45. Wylleman, P., De Knop, P. & Reints, A. (2013). Transitions In Competitive Sports. In N. L. Holt & M. Talbot (Eds.), Lifelong Engagement In Sport And Physical Activity (pp. 63-76). Oxfordshire: Routledge.
46. Wylleman, P., Reints, A. & De Knop, P. (2013). A Developmental And Holistic Perspective On Athletic Career Development. In P. Sotiaradou, & V. De Bosscher (Eds.), Managing High Performance Sport (pp. 159–182). New York: Routledge..