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Relationship Between Psychological Adjustment and Athlete Mental Health Continuity

Year 2024, , 323 - 333, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1510036

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between athlete mental health continuity and psychological adjustment. The Psychological Adjustment and Athlete Mental Health Continuity scales were employed, and a total of 400 participants, comprising 147 females and 253 males, volunteered. The factor structures of the scales were tested using IBM AMOS 24, and the study's hypothesis was examined using IBM SPSS 24. The effect sizes of independent variables on dependent variables were assessed using "Cohen's d". The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between psychological adjustment and athlete mental health continuity (r = .209, p < .01). This finding suggests that an increase in psychological adjustment is associated with an increase in athlete mental health continuity. Consequently, it can be stated that psychological adjustment positively contributes to individuals' mental health continuity. This finding underscores the significance of regular exercise in psychological resilience and is consistent with the results of similar studies in the literature.

References

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  • Bantjes, J., & Kagee, A. (2018). Common mental disorders and psychological adjustment among individuals seeking HIV testing: A study protocol to explore implications for mental health care systems. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0196-0
  • Bender, M., van Osch, Y., Sleegers, W., & Ye, M. (2019). Social support benefits psychological adjustment of international students: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(7), 827-847. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022119861151
  • Bergin, A., & Pakenham, K. (2015). Law student stress: Relationships between academic demands, social isolation, career pressure, study/life imbalance and adjustment outcomes in law students. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 22(3), 388-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2014.960026
  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. New York: Routledge.
  • Camiré, M. (2023). Proposing an ontological shift from intervention to intravention in sport and exercise psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102342
  • Camy, J. (2006). Employment opportunities in the sports sector: A review of the European situation. Beyond the Scoreboard. Youth Employment Opportunities & Skills Development in the Sport Sector, 85-104.
  • Chambers, S. K., Ng, S. K., Baade, P., Aitken, J. F., Hyde, M. K., Wittert, G., ... & Dunn, J. (2017). Trajectories of quality of life, life satisfaction, and psychological adjustment after prostate cancer. Psycho‐oncology, 26(10), 1576-1585. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4342
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, B., & Turner, L. A. (2014). Research methods, design, and analysis. Global Edition. Cohen, D. (1998). The analysis of variance. In Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (second ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 274-87.
  • Collingwood, T. R., Sunderlin, J., Reynolds, R., & Kohl III, H. W. (2000). Physical training as a substance abuse prevention intervention for youth. Journal of drug education, 30(4), 435-451. https://doi.org/10.2190/RVUE-9XW7-TYRQ-EJR8
  • Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. P. (2016). Designing And Conducting Mixed Methods Research. New York: Sage.
  • Cruz, R. A., Peterson, A. P., Fagan, C., Black, W., & Cooper, L. (2020). Evaluation of the Brief Adjustment Scale–6 (BASE-6): A measure of general psychological adjustment for measurement-based care. Psychological Services, 17(3), 332. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000366
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  • Drakulevski, L., Nakov, L., & Iliev, F. (2014). Sports management and opportunities for professional development. Research in Physical Education, Sport & Health, 3(1).
  • Eime, R., Young, J., Harvey, J., & Payne, W. (2013). Psychological and social benefits of sport participation: The development of health through sport conceptual model. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16, e79-e80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.190
  • Foster, B. J., ve Chow, G. M. (2019). Development of the Sport Mental Health Continuum Short Form (Sport MHC-SF). Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13(4), 593-608. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0057
  • Freitas, I. R., Castro, M., Sarmento, S. L., Moura, C., Viana, V., Areias, J. C., & Areias, M. E. G. (2013). A cohort study on psychosocial adjustment and psychopathology in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease. BMJ open, 3(1), e001138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001138
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  • Gürbüz, S. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. 7th Edition. Hawlow: Pearson.
  • Hefferon, K. (2013). Positive psychology and the body: The somatopsychic side to flourishing. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Hefferon, K., & Mutrie, N. (2012). Physical activity as a “stellar” positive psychology intervention. Oxford handbook of exercise psychology, 117-128.
  • Hone, L.C., Jarden, A., Schofield, G.M., & Duncan, S. (2014). Measuring flourishing: The impact of operational definitions on the prevalence of high levels of wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 4(1), 62-90. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v4i1.4
  • Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social indicators research, 110(3), 837-861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7
  • Karasar, N. (2023). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social psychology quarterly, 121-140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
  • Keyes, C. L., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A., ve Van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the mental health continuum– short form (MHC–SF) in setswana‐ speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology ve Psychotherapy, 15(3), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572
  • Kuipers, H. (1998). Training and overtraining: an introduction. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30(7),1137-1139. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00018
  • Lamers, S. M., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Keyes, C. L. (2011). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health continuum‐short form (MHC‐SF). Journal of clinical psychology, 67(1), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20741
  • Laursen, P. B., & Jenkins, D. G. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports medicine, 32(1), 53-73.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.
  • Lundqvist, C. (2011). Well-being in competitive sports—The feel-good factor? A review of conceptual considerations of well-being. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 4(2), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.584067
  • Lynch, K. (1958). Environmental adaptability. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 24(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944365808978262
  • Malinauskas, R., & Malinauskiene, V. (2018). The mediation effect of perceived social support and perceived stress on the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing in male athletes. Journal of human kinetics, 65(1), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0017
  • Marris, M., & Ross, W. (1976). Quines book of Olympic records.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing Qualitative Research. Sage.
  • Matson, J. L., Terlonge, C., González, M. L., & Rivet, T. (2006). An evaluation of social and adaptive skills in adults with bipolar disorder and severe/profound intellectual disability. Research in developmental disabilities, 27(6), 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2005.10.001
  • Peluso, M. A. M., & De Andrade, L. H. S. G. (2005). Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood. Clinics, 60(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322005000100012
  • Peterson, A. P. (2015). Psychometric evaluation of the Brief Adjustment Scale-6 (BASE-6): A new measure of general psychological adjustment (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Raosoft, (2024). http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
  • Revenson, A. T. (2002). Chronic ilness and adjustment. In J.Worell (Ed.), Encylopedia of womanand gender: Sex similarites and differences and the impact of society on gender. California, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753552
  • Ruh Sağlığı Kanun Teklifi (RSKT) (2017) Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2024 Erişim: Access
  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 65(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
  • Salar, B., Hekim, M., & Tokgöz, M. (2012). 15-18 yaş grubu takım ve ferdi spor yapan bireylerin duygusal durumlarının karşılaştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (6), 123-135.
  • Samios, C. (2018). Burnout and psychological adjustment in mental health workers in rural Australia: The roles of mindfulness and compassion satisfaction. Mindfulness, 9(4), 1088-1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0844-5
  • Savić, Z., Ranđelović, N., Stojanović, N., Stanković, V., & Šiljak, V. (2018). The sports industry and achieving top sports results. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES1703513S
  • Scott, K. P., & Stephane, L. D. (2018). Her yönüyle fitness ve sağlıklı yaşam. Üzel, M. (Ed). Nobel Akademi.
  • Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International journal of intercultural relations, 14(4), 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(90)90030-Z
  • Seaton, C. L. (2009). Psychological Adjustment. In S. Lopez (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology (pp. 291-296). Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2011) Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being. Free Press, New York.
  • Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., & Hassmén, P. (2015). Changes in perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in young elite athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(1), 5061. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000027
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Psikolojik Uyum ile Sporcu Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2024, , 323 - 333, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1510036

Abstract

Bu araştırma, sporcu ruh sağlığı sürekliliği ile psikolojik uyum arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Araştırmada, Psikolojik Uyum ve Sporcu Ruh Sağlığı Sürekliliği ölçekleri kullanılmış ve 147 kadın ve 253 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 400 kişi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Ölçeklerin faktör yapıları IBM AMOS 24 kullanılarak test edilmiş ve çalışmanın hipotezi IBM SPSS 24 ile incelenmiştir. Bağımsız değişkenlerin bağımlı değişkenler üzerindeki etki büyüklükleri “Cohen’s d” ile değerlendirilmiştir. Pearson korelasyon analizi sonuçları, psikolojik uyum ile sporcu ruh sağlığı sürekliliği arasında pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir (r = .209, p < .01). Bu bulgu, psikolojik uyumun artmasıyla birlikte sporcu ruh sağlığı sürekliliğinin de arttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, psikolojik uyumun bireylerin ruh sağlığı sürekliliğine olumlu katkıda bulunduğu söylenebilir. Bu bulgu, düzenli egzersizin psikolojik dayanıklılık açısından önemini vurgulamaktadır ve literatürdeki benzer çalışmaların sonuçlarıyla uyumlu bir bulgu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır.

References

  • Babiss, L. A., & Gangwisch, J. E. (2009). Sports participation as a protective factor against depression and suicidal ideation in adolescents as mediated by self-esteem and social support. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30(5), 376-384. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181b33659
  • Bantjes, J., & Kagee, A. (2018). Common mental disorders and psychological adjustment among individuals seeking HIV testing: A study protocol to explore implications for mental health care systems. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0196-0
  • Bender, M., van Osch, Y., Sleegers, W., & Ye, M. (2019). Social support benefits psychological adjustment of international students: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 50(7), 827-847. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022119861151
  • Bergin, A., & Pakenham, K. (2015). Law student stress: Relationships between academic demands, social isolation, career pressure, study/life imbalance and adjustment outcomes in law students. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 22(3), 388-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2014.960026
  • Berry, J. W., Phinney, J. S., Sam, D. L., & Vedder, P. (2006). Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 55(3), 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
  • Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. New York: Routledge.
  • Camiré, M. (2023). Proposing an ontological shift from intervention to intravention in sport and exercise psychology. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 64, 102342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102342
  • Camy, J. (2006). Employment opportunities in the sports sector: A review of the European situation. Beyond the Scoreboard. Youth Employment Opportunities & Skills Development in the Sport Sector, 85-104.
  • Chambers, S. K., Ng, S. K., Baade, P., Aitken, J. F., Hyde, M. K., Wittert, G., ... & Dunn, J. (2017). Trajectories of quality of life, life satisfaction, and psychological adjustment after prostate cancer. Psycho‐oncology, 26(10), 1576-1585. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4342
  • Christensen, L. B., Johnson, B., & Turner, L. A. (2014). Research methods, design, and analysis. Global Edition. Cohen, D. (1998). The analysis of variance. In Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (second ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 274-87.
  • Collingwood, T. R., Sunderlin, J., Reynolds, R., & Kohl III, H. W. (2000). Physical training as a substance abuse prevention intervention for youth. Journal of drug education, 30(4), 435-451. https://doi.org/10.2190/RVUE-9XW7-TYRQ-EJR8
  • Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. P. (2016). Designing And Conducting Mixed Methods Research. New York: Sage.
  • Cruz, R. A., Peterson, A. P., Fagan, C., Black, W., & Cooper, L. (2020). Evaluation of the Brief Adjustment Scale–6 (BASE-6): A measure of general psychological adjustment for measurement-based care. Psychological Services, 17(3), 332. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000366
  • Dishman, R. K., Hales, D. P., Pfeiffer, K. A., Felton, G. A., Saunders, R., Ward, D. S., ... & Pate, R. R. (2006). Physical self-concept and self-esteem mediate cross-sectional relations of physical activity and sport participation with depression symptoms among adolescent girls. Health psychology, 25(3), 396. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.3.396
  • Drakulevski, L., Nakov, L., & Iliev, F. (2014). Sports management and opportunities for professional development. Research in Physical Education, Sport & Health, 3(1).
  • Eime, R., Young, J., Harvey, J., & Payne, W. (2013). Psychological and social benefits of sport participation: The development of health through sport conceptual model. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16, e79-e80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.190
  • Foster, B. J., ve Chow, G. M. (2019). Development of the Sport Mental Health Continuum Short Form (Sport MHC-SF). Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 13(4), 593-608. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0057
  • Freitas, I. R., Castro, M., Sarmento, S. L., Moura, C., Viana, V., Areias, J. C., & Areias, M. E. G. (2013). A cohort study on psychosocial adjustment and psychopathology in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease. BMJ open, 3(1), e001138. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001138
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simpleguide and reference. 11.0 update (4 th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde aracı, düzenleyici ve durumsal etki analizleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. 7th Edition. Hawlow: Pearson.
  • Hefferon, K. (2013). Positive psychology and the body: The somatopsychic side to flourishing. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Hefferon, K., & Mutrie, N. (2012). Physical activity as a “stellar” positive psychology intervention. Oxford handbook of exercise psychology, 117-128.
  • Hone, L.C., Jarden, A., Schofield, G.M., & Duncan, S. (2014). Measuring flourishing: The impact of operational definitions on the prevalence of high levels of wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 4(1), 62-90. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v4i1.4
  • Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. (2013). Flourishing across Europe: Application of a new conceptual framework for defining well-being. Social indicators research, 110(3), 837-861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7
  • Karasar, N. (2023). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social psychology quarterly, 121-140. https://doi.org/10.2307/2787065
  • Keyes, C. L., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A., ve Van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the mental health continuum– short form (MHC–SF) in setswana‐ speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology ve Psychotherapy, 15(3), 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.572
  • Kuipers, H. (1998). Training and overtraining: an introduction. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30(7),1137-1139. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00018
  • Lamers, S. M., Westerhof, G. J., Bohlmeijer, E. T., ten Klooster, P. M., & Keyes, C. L. (2011). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mental health continuum‐short form (MHC‐SF). Journal of clinical psychology, 67(1), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20741
  • Laursen, P. B., & Jenkins, D. G. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports medicine, 32(1), 53-73.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford University Press.
  • Lundqvist, C. (2011). Well-being in competitive sports—The feel-good factor? A review of conceptual considerations of well-being. International review of sport and exercise psychology, 4(2), 109-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2011.584067
  • Lynch, K. (1958). Environmental adaptability. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 24(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944365808978262
  • Malinauskas, R., & Malinauskiene, V. (2018). The mediation effect of perceived social support and perceived stress on the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing in male athletes. Journal of human kinetics, 65(1), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0017
  • Marris, M., & Ross, W. (1976). Quines book of Olympic records.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing Qualitative Research. Sage.
  • Matson, J. L., Terlonge, C., González, M. L., & Rivet, T. (2006). An evaluation of social and adaptive skills in adults with bipolar disorder and severe/profound intellectual disability. Research in developmental disabilities, 27(6), 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2005.10.001
  • Peluso, M. A. M., & De Andrade, L. H. S. G. (2005). Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood. Clinics, 60(1), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322005000100012
  • Peterson, A. P. (2015). Psychometric evaluation of the Brief Adjustment Scale-6 (BASE-6): A new measure of general psychological adjustment (Doctoral dissertation).
  • Raosoft, (2024). http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
  • Revenson, A. T. (2002). Chronic ilness and adjustment. In J.Worell (Ed.), Encylopedia of womanand gender: Sex similarites and differences and the impact of society on gender. California, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753552
  • Ruh Sağlığı Kanun Teklifi (RSKT) (2017) Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2024 Erişim: Access
  • Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 65(1), 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1159/000289026
  • Salar, B., Hekim, M., & Tokgöz, M. (2012). 15-18 yaş grubu takım ve ferdi spor yapan bireylerin duygusal durumlarının karşılaştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (6), 123-135.
  • Samios, C. (2018). Burnout and psychological adjustment in mental health workers in rural Australia: The roles of mindfulness and compassion satisfaction. Mindfulness, 9(4), 1088-1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0844-5
  • Savić, Z., Ranđelović, N., Stojanović, N., Stanković, V., & Šiljak, V. (2018). The sports industry and achieving top sports results. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.22190/FUPES1703513S
  • Scott, K. P., & Stephane, L. D. (2018). Her yönüyle fitness ve sağlıklı yaşam. Üzel, M. (Ed). Nobel Akademi.
  • Searle, W., & Ward, C. (1990). The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions. International journal of intercultural relations, 14(4), 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(90)90030-Z
  • Seaton, C. L. (2009). Psychological Adjustment. In S. Lopez (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology (pp. 291-296). Chichester: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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  • Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., & Hassmén, P. (2015). Changes in perceived autonomy support, need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in young elite athletes. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(1), 5061. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000027
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There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sport and Exercise Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muhammet Talha Han 0000-0003-4760-3485

Early Pub Date September 26, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date July 3, 2024
Acceptance Date August 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Han, M. T. (2024). Relationship Between Psychological Adjustment and Athlete Mental Health Continuity. Herkes için Spor Ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 6(3), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1510036

Creative Commons Lisansı

Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon dergisi tarafından yayınlanan eserler Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) ile lisanslanmaktadır.

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