Elit Okçularda Antrenman ve yarışma Öncesinde Kalp Atım Hızı Değişkenliği ile Kaygı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Okçuluk, yüksek konsantrasyon ve odaklanma gerektiren bir spor dalıdır. Dolayısıyla, sporcuların psikolojik durumları ve fizyolojik yanıtları, performanslarını doğrudan etkileyebilir.Bu çalışmanın amacı; elit okçularda antrenman ve yarışma öncesi kalp atım hızı değişkenliği (KAHD)ve yarışma kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu 2024 Salon Türkiye Şampiyonası’nda yarışan 18 elit okçu (n=11 erkek, n=7 kadın; yaş ort: 18,44 ± 1,38 yıl) oluşturmuştur. Sporcuların KAHD ve kaygı ölçümleri antrenman ve müsabaka öncesi olmak üzere iki farklı koşulda kaydedilmiştir. KAHD ölçümleri EKG tabanlı nabız ölçer bir göğüs bandı (Polar H10) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Beş dakikalık ölçümler sonucu elde edilen veriler Elite HRV programı aracılığıyla standart KAHD parametrelerine dönüştürülmüştür. Yarışma kaygı düzeyi ise Yarışma Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri-2 (CSAI-2) ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma hipotezlerine uygun olarak Pearson korelasyon ve bağımlı örneklem t-testi analizleri uygulanmıştır. Antrenman öncesi KAHD parametreleri ile CSAI-2 alt boyutları arasında bir ilişki gözlenmezken (p>0,05), yarışma öncesi düşük frekans ile yüksek frekans arasındaki oran (LF/HF) değeri ile bedensel kaygı alt boyutu arasında ilişki olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05). CSAI-2’ye ilişkin bilişsel kaygı, bedensel kaygı ve kendine güven alt boyutlarında antrenman ve yarışma öncesi değerler karşılaştırıldığında istatistiki bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür (p>0,05).KAHD parametrelerinden, RR aralığı, kalp atım sayısı (HR) ve HRmin değerlerinde yarışma ve antrenman öncesi değerler arasında fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, elit okçularda yarışma öncesi fizyolojik ve psikolojik durum arasındaki bir etkileşim olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yarışma öncesi fizyolojik yanıtların antrenmana göre farklılaştığı ve yarışmanın bir stresör görevi gördüğü anlaşılmıştır. Elit düzeyde yarışan okçularda stres yönetimi için psikolojik destek, gevşeme teknikleri ve biyolojik geri bildirim gibi yöntemlerinin kullanımı önerilebilir.

Keywords

• Kalp Atım Hızı
• Zihinsel Dayanıklılık
• Okçuluk
• Kaygı

Investigation of Heart Rate Variability and Anxiety Levels in Elite Archers During Training and Competition

Abstract

Archery is a sportthatdemandshighlevels of concentrationandfocus, meaningthatathletes' psychologicalstateandphysiologicalresponses can directlyinfluencetheirperformance. Theaim of thisstudywastoexaminetherelationshipbetweenheart rate variability (HRV) andcompetitionanxietylevels in elite archersbeforetrainingandcompetition. Thesampleconsisted of 18 elite archers (n=11 male, n=7 female; meanage: 18.44 ± 1.38 years), whocompeted in the 2024 IndoorTurkishChampionships. HRV andanxietymeasurementswererecorded in two conditions: beforetrainingandcompetition. HRV wasassessedusing an ECG-basedheart rate monitorcheststrap (Polar H10), andfive-minutemeasurementswereprocessedintostandard HRV parametersusingthe Elite HRV program. CompetitionanxietywasevaluatedusingtheCompetitionStateAnxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). Pearsoncorrelationandpairedsample t-testswereusedtoanalyzethedata. No correlationwasfoundbetweenpre-training HRV parametersand CSAI-2 sub-dimensions (p>0.05), but a significantcorrelationwasobservedbetweenthepre-competitionlowfrequencytohighfrequencyratio (LF/HF) andsomaticanxiety (p<0.05). Whenpre-trainingandpre-competition CSAI-2 sub-dimensions (cognitiveanxiety, somaticanxiety, and self-confidence) werecompared, nosignificantdifferenceswerefound (p>0.05). However, differenceswereobserved in RR interval, heart rate (HR), andHRminbetweenpre-competitionandpre-trainingmeasurements (p<0.05). Inconclusion, an interactionbetweenphysiologicalandpsychologicalstateswasfoundbeforecompetition in elite archers. Itwasalsoobservedthatphysiologicalresponsespriortocompetitiondifferedfromthoseduringtraining, suggestingthatcompetitionserves as a stressor. Theuse of psychologicalsupport, relaxationtechniques, andbiofeedbackmethodsforstressmanagement in elite archers is recommended.

Keywords

• Heart Rate
• Mental Toughness
• Archery
• Anxiety
• Heart Rate Variable

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