Myokines in Response to Exercise: Endocrine Function and Systemic Effects of Muscles

Year 2025, Issue: Advanced Online Publication, 788 - 799

Halil Çolak

https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1758342

Abstract

Background: Skeletal muscle is increasingly recognized not only as a contractile organ responsible for movement but also as an active endocrine organ regulating systemic physiological processes. Myokines, biologically active proteins secreted during muscle contraction, are key mediators in metabolic homeostasis, immune regulation, neuroplasticity, and musculoskeletal health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the biochemical properties, target systems, and potential applications of major exercise-induced myokines. Methods: A multidisciplinary literature review was conducted, incorporating findings from exercise physiology, molecular biology, and clinical research. The analysis focused on Interleukin-6, Irisin, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Myostatin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and Mechano Growth Factor, examining their secretion mechanisms, signaling pathways, and physiological effects. Results: Myokines were found to play significant roles in managing metabolic disorders, preventing age-related muscle loss, supporting rehabilitation processes, and monitoring athletic performance. Their effects extend beyond skeletal muscle, impacting cardiovascular, neural, and immune systems. Conclusions: Understanding the endocrine role of skeletal muscle, the diverse actions of myokines offer promising opportunities to integrate exercise science into clinical medicine. Personalized exercise prescriptions based on myokine profiles, supported by biotechnological innovations, may enhance preventive and therapeutic strategies, bridging the gap between basic science and applied health interven-tions.

Keywords

myokine; , exercise physiology; , muscle contraction; , ; biomarker , sports performance , rehabilitation

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