Research Article
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The Effect of Two Different Recovery Methods on Muscle Damage

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 300 - 305, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1488751

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of two different recovery methods on recovery after high-intensity training. 20 male amateur football players between the ages of 18-26 participated in the research. Creatine kinase (CK) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) blood samples were taken from the athletes under resting conditions before the muscle injury exercise protocol (EE). Cold water protocol was applied to the experimental groups, respectively, and 10 days after the end of this protocol, the hot water protocol was applied. Here, it is aimed to investigate the effects of two different recovery exercises on the same athletes on muscle injury. It was determined that there were no significant differences for the ALT variable between the measurement values of hot water and cold water application (p>0.05). It was determined that there was no significant difference at the p<0.05 level for the CK variable between the measurement values of hot water and cold water application (p>0.05). As a result, in the literature reviews, it was determined that skeletal muscle injury occurred in athletes after high-intensity exercise and competitions. It has been concluded that hot water application is a more effective method than cold water application in tolerating the injury.

References

  • Akgün, N. (1993). Egzersiz Fizyolojisi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.2(1), 48-121.
  • Alemdaroğlu, U. (2011). Egzersiz sonrası toparlanma: Toparlanma çeşitleri ve yöntemleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 3(1). https://gcris.pau.edu.tr/bitstream/11499/54296/2/sporbilimleri3-1-6.pdf
  • Allen, D. G., Lannergren, J., & Westerblad, H. (1995). Muscle cell function during prolonged activity: cellular mechanisms of fatigue. Experimental Physiology: Translation and Integration, 80(4), 497-527. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1995.sp003864
  • Andersson, H. M., Raastad, T., Nilsson, J., Paulsen, G., Garthe, I. N. A., & Kadi, F. (2008). Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer: effects of active recovery. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(2), 372-380. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b8497
  • Ascensão, A., Rebelo, A., Oliveira, E., Marques, F., Pereira, L., & Magalhães, J. (2008). Biochemical impact of a soccer match—analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery. Clinical biochemistry, 41(10-11), 841-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.008
  • Balık, Ö. (2021). Yüksek Yoğunluklu Egzersiz Sonrası Farklı İki Toparlanma Yönteminin Kas Hasarına Etkisi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van.
  • Banfi, G., Lombardi, G., Colombini, A., & Melegati, G. (2010). Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes. Sports medicine, 40, 509-517. https://doi.org/10.2165/11531940-000000000-00000
  • Banfi, G., Melegati, G., & Valentini, P. (2007). Effects of cold-water immersion of legs after training session on serum creatine kinase concentrations in rugby players. British journal of sports medicine, 41(5), 339-339. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.033951
  • Burt, D. G., & Twist, C. (2011). The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on cycling time-trial performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(8), 2185-2192. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e86148
  • Canli, U., Ari, Y., & Özmutlu, İ. (2018). The Effects of Morphological Structure and Fatigue on the Passing Skill in Pre-Pubescent Basketball Players. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(n12a), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12a.3921
  • Clarkson, P. M., Kearns, A. K., Rouzier, P., Rubin, R., & Thompson, P. D. (2006). Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(4), 623-627. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000210192.49210.fc
  • Coffey, V., Leveritt, M., & Gill, N. (2004). Effect of recovery modality on 4-hour repeated treadmill running performance and changes in physiological variables. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80038-0
  • Corona, B. T., Balog, E. M., Doyle, J. A., Rupp, J. C., Luke, R. C., & Ingalls, C. P. (2010). Junctophilin damage contributes to early strength deficits and EC coupling failure after eccentric contractions. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 298(2), C365-C376. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2009
  • Çakır, E. (2017). Soğuk Su İmmersiyonunun Kas Hasarına Etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara
  • Çelebi, B. (2018) The Effect of Different Recovery Protocols After Training on the Prevention of Muscle Injury in Athletes. Gazi University Institute of Health Sciences. Master Thesis.
  • Goodall, S., & Howatson, G. (2008). The effects of multiple cold water immersions on indices of muscle damage. Journal of sports science & medicine, 7(2), 235. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761456/
  • Hikida, R. S., Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Sherman, W. M., & Costill, D. L. (1983). Muscle fiber necrosis associated with human marathon runners. Journal of the neurological sciences, 59(2), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(83)90037-0
  • Kellmann, M., Bertollo, M., Bosquet, L., Brink, M., Coutts, A. J., Duffield, R., ... & Beckmann, J. (2018). Recovery and performance in sport: consensus statement. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 13(2), 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0759
  • Kirby, T. J., Triplett, N. T., Haines, T. L., Skinner, J. W., Fairbrother, K. R., & McBride, J. M. (2012). Effect of leucine supplementation on indices of muscle damage following drop jumps and resistance exercise. Amino acids, 42, 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-0928-9
  • Kocaağa, T. (2014). Egzersize bağlı kas hasarının denge performansına etkisi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bolu.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Ellingsgaard, H. E. L. G. A., & Bangsbo, J. (2005). Physical demands during an elite female soccer game: importance of training status. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(7), 1242-1248. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000170062.73981.94
  • Lauritzen, F., Paulsen, G., Raastad, T., Bergersen, L. H., & Owe, S. G. (2009). Gross ultrastructural changes and necrotic fiber segments in elbow flexor muscles after maximal voluntary eccentric action in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(6), 1923-1934. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00148.2009
  • Nosaka, K., Clarkson, P. M., & Apple, F. S. (1992). Time course of serum protein changes after strenuous exercise of the forearm flexors. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 119(2), 183-188. https://europepmc.org/article/med/1740632
  • Philippou, A., Maridaki, M., Bogdanis, G., Halapas, A., & Koutsilieris, M. (2009). Changes in the mechanical properties of human quadriceps muscle after eccentric exercise. in vivo, 23(5), 859-865. https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/invivo/23/5/859.full.pdf
  • Pournot, H., Bieuzen, F., Duffield, R., Lepretre, P. M., Cozzolino, C., & Hausswirth, C. (2011). Short term effects of various water immersions on recovery from exhaustive intermittent exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 111, 1287-1295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1754-6
  • Proske, U., & Allen, T. J. (2005). Damage to skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 33(2), 98-104.
  • Russell, S., Jenkins, D., Smith, M., Halson, S., & Kelly, V. (2019). The application of mental fatigue research to elite team sport performance: New perspectives. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(6), 723-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.008
  • Sarıkaya, M., Kılınçarslan, G., Kayantaş, İ., Avcı, P., & Bayrakdar, A. (2023). Basketbolcularda Statik Isınma Egzersizlerinin Dikey Sıçrama ve Denge Performansina Akut Etkisinin İncelenmesi. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 12(3), 378-385. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1291818
  • Sargin, K., & Selçuk, M. (2018). Investigation of Some Biomatoric and Physiological Effects of People's Plays in Individuals in Regenarian Folk Player Exercises (Van Sample). Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(6), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i6.3185
  • Takeda, M., Sato, T., Hasegawa, T., Shintaku, H., Kato, H., Yamaguchi, Y., & Radak, Z. (2014). The effects of cold water immersion after rugby training on muscle power and biochemical markers. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(3), 616. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126300/pdf/jssm-13-616.pdf
  • Wahyuni, T., Dieny, F. F., Candra, A., & Tsani, A. F. A. (2019, November). The Effect of Rehydration with Variation Fluid Temperature on Hydration Status Among Football Athletes. In 5th International Conference on Physical Education, Sport, and Health (ACPES 19) (pp. 282-287). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/acpes-19.2019.64
  • Warhol, M. J., Siegel, A. J., Evans, W. J., & Silverman, L. M. (1985). Skeletal muscle injury and repair in marathon runners after competition. The American journal of pathology, 118(2), 331. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1887882/
  • Warren, G. L., Ingalls, C. P., Lowe, D. A., & Armstrong, R. B. (2001). Excitation-contraction uncoupling: major role in contraction-induced muscle injury. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 29(2), 82-87. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/fulltext/2001/04000/.00008.aspx

Farklı Iki Toparlanma Yönteminin Kas Hasarına Etkisi

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 300 - 305, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1488751

Abstract

Bu çalışma yüksek yoğunlukta yapılan antrenmanlardan sonra Farklı iki toparlanma yönteminin toparlanma üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 18-26 yaş aralığın da 20 erkek amatör futbol oyuncusu katılmıştır. Sporculardan kas hasarı egzersiz protokolünden önce (EÖ) dinlenik şartlarda Kreatin kinaz (CK) ve Alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Deney gruplarına sırasıyla önce soğuk su protokolü uygulanmış, bu protokolün bitmesinden 10 gün sonra ise sıcak su protokolü uygulanmıştır. Burada, aynı sporcular üzerinde iki farklı toparlamanın kas hasarına etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sıcak su ve soğuk su uygulaması ölçüm değerleri arasında ALT değişkeni için anlamlı farklılıklar olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Sıcak su ve soğuk su uygulaması ölçüm değerleri arasında CK değişkeni için p<0,05 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılıklar olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak; Yapılan literatür incelemelerinde yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz ve müsabakalardan sonra sporcularda belirgin bir şekilde iskelet kas hasarı oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Oluşan hasarın tolere edilmesinde sıcak su uygulamasının soğuk su uygulamasına göre daha etkili yöntem olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir.

References

  • Akgün, N. (1993). Egzersiz Fizyolojisi. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.2(1), 48-121.
  • Alemdaroğlu, U. (2011). Egzersiz sonrası toparlanma: Toparlanma çeşitleri ve yöntemleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 3(1). https://gcris.pau.edu.tr/bitstream/11499/54296/2/sporbilimleri3-1-6.pdf
  • Allen, D. G., Lannergren, J., & Westerblad, H. (1995). Muscle cell function during prolonged activity: cellular mechanisms of fatigue. Experimental Physiology: Translation and Integration, 80(4), 497-527. https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1995.sp003864
  • Andersson, H. M., Raastad, T., Nilsson, J., Paulsen, G., Garthe, I. N. A., & Kadi, F. (2008). Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer: effects of active recovery. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(2), 372-380. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b8497
  • Ascensão, A., Rebelo, A., Oliveira, E., Marques, F., Pereira, L., & Magalhães, J. (2008). Biochemical impact of a soccer match—analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery. Clinical biochemistry, 41(10-11), 841-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.008
  • Balık, Ö. (2021). Yüksek Yoğunluklu Egzersiz Sonrası Farklı İki Toparlanma Yönteminin Kas Hasarına Etkisi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Van.
  • Banfi, G., Lombardi, G., Colombini, A., & Melegati, G. (2010). Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes. Sports medicine, 40, 509-517. https://doi.org/10.2165/11531940-000000000-00000
  • Banfi, G., Melegati, G., & Valentini, P. (2007). Effects of cold-water immersion of legs after training session on serum creatine kinase concentrations in rugby players. British journal of sports medicine, 41(5), 339-339. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.033951
  • Burt, D. G., & Twist, C. (2011). The effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on cycling time-trial performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(8), 2185-2192. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e86148
  • Canli, U., Ari, Y., & Özmutlu, İ. (2018). The Effects of Morphological Structure and Fatigue on the Passing Skill in Pre-Pubescent Basketball Players. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(n12a), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i12a.3921
  • Clarkson, P. M., Kearns, A. K., Rouzier, P., Rubin, R., & Thompson, P. D. (2006). Serum creatine kinase levels and renal function measures in exertional muscle damage. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38(4), 623-627. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000210192.49210.fc
  • Coffey, V., Leveritt, M., & Gill, N. (2004). Effect of recovery modality on 4-hour repeated treadmill running performance and changes in physiological variables. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 7(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80038-0
  • Corona, B. T., Balog, E. M., Doyle, J. A., Rupp, J. C., Luke, R. C., & Ingalls, C. P. (2010). Junctophilin damage contributes to early strength deficits and EC coupling failure after eccentric contractions. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 298(2), C365-C376. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00365.2009
  • Çakır, E. (2017). Soğuk Su İmmersiyonunun Kas Hasarına Etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara
  • Çelebi, B. (2018) The Effect of Different Recovery Protocols After Training on the Prevention of Muscle Injury in Athletes. Gazi University Institute of Health Sciences. Master Thesis.
  • Goodall, S., & Howatson, G. (2008). The effects of multiple cold water immersions on indices of muscle damage. Journal of sports science & medicine, 7(2), 235. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3761456/
  • Hikida, R. S., Staron, R. S., Hagerman, F. C., Sherman, W. M., & Costill, D. L. (1983). Muscle fiber necrosis associated with human marathon runners. Journal of the neurological sciences, 59(2), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-510X(83)90037-0
  • Kellmann, M., Bertollo, M., Bosquet, L., Brink, M., Coutts, A. J., Duffield, R., ... & Beckmann, J. (2018). Recovery and performance in sport: consensus statement. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 13(2), 240-245. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0759
  • Kirby, T. J., Triplett, N. T., Haines, T. L., Skinner, J. W., Fairbrother, K. R., & McBride, J. M. (2012). Effect of leucine supplementation on indices of muscle damage following drop jumps and resistance exercise. Amino acids, 42, 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-0928-9
  • Kocaağa, T. (2014). Egzersize bağlı kas hasarının denge performansına etkisi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Bolu.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Ellingsgaard, H. E. L. G. A., & Bangsbo, J. (2005). Physical demands during an elite female soccer game: importance of training status. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(7), 1242-1248. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000170062.73981.94
  • Lauritzen, F., Paulsen, G., Raastad, T., Bergersen, L. H., & Owe, S. G. (2009). Gross ultrastructural changes and necrotic fiber segments in elbow flexor muscles after maximal voluntary eccentric action in humans. Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(6), 1923-1934. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00148.2009
  • Nosaka, K., Clarkson, P. M., & Apple, F. S. (1992). Time course of serum protein changes after strenuous exercise of the forearm flexors. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 119(2), 183-188. https://europepmc.org/article/med/1740632
  • Philippou, A., Maridaki, M., Bogdanis, G., Halapas, A., & Koutsilieris, M. (2009). Changes in the mechanical properties of human quadriceps muscle after eccentric exercise. in vivo, 23(5), 859-865. https://iv.iiarjournals.org/content/invivo/23/5/859.full.pdf
  • Pournot, H., Bieuzen, F., Duffield, R., Lepretre, P. M., Cozzolino, C., & Hausswirth, C. (2011). Short term effects of various water immersions on recovery from exhaustive intermittent exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 111, 1287-1295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1754-6
  • Proske, U., & Allen, T. J. (2005). Damage to skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 33(2), 98-104.
  • Russell, S., Jenkins, D., Smith, M., Halson, S., & Kelly, V. (2019). The application of mental fatigue research to elite team sport performance: New perspectives. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(6), 723-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.008
  • Sarıkaya, M., Kılınçarslan, G., Kayantaş, İ., Avcı, P., & Bayrakdar, A. (2023). Basketbolcularda Statik Isınma Egzersizlerinin Dikey Sıçrama ve Denge Performansina Akut Etkisinin İncelenmesi. The Online Journal of Recreation and Sports, 12(3), 378-385. https://doi.org/10.22282/tojras.1291818
  • Sargin, K., & Selçuk, M. (2018). Investigation of Some Biomatoric and Physiological Effects of People's Plays in Individuals in Regenarian Folk Player Exercises (Van Sample). Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(6), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i6.3185
  • Takeda, M., Sato, T., Hasegawa, T., Shintaku, H., Kato, H., Yamaguchi, Y., & Radak, Z. (2014). The effects of cold water immersion after rugby training on muscle power and biochemical markers. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(3), 616. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4126300/pdf/jssm-13-616.pdf
  • Wahyuni, T., Dieny, F. F., Candra, A., & Tsani, A. F. A. (2019, November). The Effect of Rehydration with Variation Fluid Temperature on Hydration Status Among Football Athletes. In 5th International Conference on Physical Education, Sport, and Health (ACPES 19) (pp. 282-287). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/acpes-19.2019.64
  • Warhol, M. J., Siegel, A. J., Evans, W. J., & Silverman, L. M. (1985). Skeletal muscle injury and repair in marathon runners after competition. The American journal of pathology, 118(2), 331. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1887882/
  • Warren, G. L., Ingalls, C. P., Lowe, D. A., & Armstrong, R. B. (2001). Excitation-contraction uncoupling: major role in contraction-induced muscle injury. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 29(2), 82-87. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/fulltext/2001/04000/.00008.aspx
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Training, Exercise Physiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ergün Çakır 0000-0001-5895-5297

Early Pub Date September 20, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date May 23, 2024
Acceptance Date August 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çakır, E. (2024). The Effect of Two Different Recovery Methods on Muscle Damage. Herkes için Spor Ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 6(3), 300-305. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1488751

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