Suç ve suçluluk tarih boyunca her sosyal yapıda karşımıza çıkan evrensel bir sorundur. “Suça itilmiş çocuk” ve “çocuk suçluluğu” da dilimizde artık yerleşmiş kavramlar olup, bu sorunun bir parçası olarak her zaman sosyologların, psikologların, eğitimcilerin, hukukçuların ve kanun koyucuların ilgisini çekmiştir. Ruhsal, zihinsel, fiziksel yönden tam bir olgunluğa erişmemiş, toplum içindeki rol ve görevlerini henüz kavrayamamış olarak nitelendirebileceğimiz ergenlik çağındaki çocukların suç işlemesi, toplumları suç ve suçluluk konusu üzerinde ayrı bir dikkatle eğilmeye itmiştir. Neredeyse her toplum, zaman içinde ceza ve hukuk sistemlerinde yenilenmeye giderek, çocuklara yetişkinlerden ayrı muamele etmeyi gerektiren değişiklikler yapma ihtiyacı duymuştur. Bu nedenle pek çok ülkede suça itilen çocuklar için ayrı mahkemeler kurulmuş ve çocuk haklarının korunması bu sayede güvence altına alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Burada amaç, çocuk adalet sistemi uygulamalarında cezalandırma yaklaşımı yerine; adli kolluk, soruşturma, kovuşturma ve ceza infaz aşamalarında çocuk haklarına ve çocuğun psiko-sosyal gelişimine uygun davranılarak çocukları topluma yeniden kazandırma yaklaşımını benimsemektir.
Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde ve dünyada çocuk mahkemelerinin kurulmasına temel oluşturan etkenler ışığında, çocuk mahkemelerinin tarihsel gelişimi, uygulama esasları ve ilgili politikalar ele alınacaktır. Suça itilmiş çocukların yeniden topluma kazandırılırken nasıl bir süreçten geçtiklerini sorgulayarak, çocuk mahkemelerinin onarıcı adalet sistemindeki işlevselliğini tartışmak, bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Crime and guilt is a universal problem that has been encountered in every social structure throughout history. “Criminal child” and “juvenile delinquency” are now embedded in our literature and have always attracted the attention of sociologists, psychologists, educators, lawyers and lawmakers as part of this problem. The crime of adolescence children who have not reached a full mentally, psychologically, physically maturity and have not yet grasped the roles and duties in the community, pushed societies to focus on crime and guilt with a special attention. Almost every society has been renewed in criminal and legal systems over time because of needed to make changes that require children to be treated separately from adults aiming to make them part of society as healthy individuals. For this reason, in many countries, separate courts have been set up for juvenile delinquents, and thus, the protection of children's rights has been tried to be guaranteed. The aim here is instead of punishment approach in juvenile justice system practices; adopting the approach of regaining children to society by acting in accordance with children's rights and the psycho-social development of the child during the judicial law enforcement, investigation, prosecution and penal execution stages.
In this study, in light of the factors that form the basis of the establishment of juvenile courts in our country and in the world, the historical development of juvenile courts, application basics and related policies will be discussed. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the functioning of juvenile courts in the restorative justice system, by questioning what kind of process the children who were driven to crime went through while being reintegrated into society.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | June 22, 2020 |
Submission Date | May 30, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Issue: 5 |
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