Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

SUÇUN SOSYAL PSİKOLOJİK MALİYETİ: SUÇ KORKUSU VE SUÇ KORKUSUNA NEDEN OLAN FAKTÖRLER

Year 2020, Issue: 5, 25 - 41, 22.06.2020

Abstract

Evrensel bir olgu olan suç, geleneksel toplumlardan daha çok modern toplumlarda görülmektedir. Günümüz dünyasında değişimin hız kazanmış olması beraberinde çeşitli sorunları da getirmektedir. Bu sorunların en önemlilerinden birisi suç oranlarında yaşanan artışlardır. Toplumda suç oranları arttıkça suç korkusu da paralel olarak artış göstermektedir. Suç korkusu, suçun sosyal ve psikolojik maliyeti olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Suç ve suç korkusu, insan için en temel ihtiyaçlardan birisi olan güven duygusunun tatminin edilememesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Suç korkusunun en az suç olgusunun kendisi kadar önemli bir sorun olduğunu söyleyebilmek mümkündür. Bu bağlamda öncelikle suç korkusunun temelindeki nedenlerin ortaya konulması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, teorik çerçevede suç korkusu ve buna neden olan faktörler ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca suç korkusuna neden olduğu düşünülen, yaş, cinsiyet, statü ve gelir gibi bireysel faktörlerin yanı sıra güvensizlik duygusu, mekân, medya ve kent yaşamı olmak üzere toplumsal faktörler üzerinde de durulmuştur. Toplumlar kendi bütünlüklerini sağlayabilmek için suç oranlarını en aza indirmek isterler. Ancak her zaman suç oranlarını en aza indirmek mümkün olmayabilmektedir. Suç oranları arttığında toplumdaki güven hissi azalmakta, güvensizlik hakim olmaya başlamaktadır. Bu da toplum içinde iletişim ve güven problemi yaşanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Günümüzde güven temelli geliştirilen sağlıklı iletişim ağının toplumsal bütünleşmede ne derece önemli olduğu fark edilmiş bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmada suç korkusu ile ilgili literatüre dayanarak konunun önemine dikkat çekmek ve konu ile ilgili çalışmalar yapacak olanlara ışık tutulmak istenmiştir.

References

  • Andre, C. (2016). Korkunun Psikolojisi: Fobiler, Korkular, Kaygılar, (Çev. İsmail Yerguz), İstanbul: Say Yayınları
  • Beck, U. (2014). Risk Toplumu: Başka Bir Modernliğe Doğru, (Çev. Kazım Özdoğan), Bülent Doğan, İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları
  • Bericat, E. (2015) “The Sociology of Emotions: Four Decades of Progress”, Current Sociology, Vol. 64(3), pp. 491–513.
  • Braungart, MM.; Braungart, RG.; Hoyer, WJ. (1980). Age, Sex, and Social Factors in Fear of Crime, Sociological Focus, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 55-66.
  • Burkovik, Y.; Tan, O. (2016). Korkacak Ne Var: Korkunun Psikolojisi, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları
  • Craske, Michelle G. (2003). Origins of Phobias and Anxiety Disorders: Why More Women Than Men?, Oxford, Elsevier
  • Çoklar, I.; Solak, N. (2017). “Suç Korkusu: Tanım, Ölçüm ve Belirleyiciler”, Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, S: 311-328, Cilt 5, Sayı: 10
  • Erkan, Nilgün Ç. (2015). “Büyük Kentlerde Kadınların Korku Mekânları”, Gündelik Hayat Sosyolojisi Açısından Suç ve Suç Korkusu, Edt. Adem Solak, Öner Solak, Ankara: Hegem Yayınları
  • Farral, S.; Gray, E.; Jackson, J. (2007). “Theorising the Fear of Crime: The Cultural and Social Significance of Insecurities about Crime”, Experience and Expression in the Fear of Crime Working Paper, No. 5
  • Furedi, F. (2017). Korku Kültürü: Risk Almamanın Riskleri, (Çev. Barış Yıldırım), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  • Garofalo, J. (1981). “The Fear of Crime: Causes and Consequences”, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 72, No: 2, USA, , pp. 839-857.
  • Gordon, Margaret T.; Riger, S.; LeBailly, Robert K.; Heath, L. (1980). “Crime, Women, and the Quality of Urban Life”, Women and the American City, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 143-160.
  • Gustafson, PE. (1998). “Gender Differences in Risk Perception: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives”, Risk Analysis, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 805-811.
  • İçli, Tülin G. (2007). Kriminoloji, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • Kemper, TD. (1987). “How Many Emotions Are There? Wedding the Social and the Autonomic Components”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 93, No. 2, , pp. 263-289.
  • LaGrange, RL.; Ferraro, KF. (1989). “Assessing Age and Gender Differencees in Perceived Risk and Fear of Crime”, Criminology, Vol. 27, No. 4, , pp. 697-719.
  • Marshall, G. (2009).Sosyoloji Sözlüğü, (Çev. Osman Akınhay; Derya Kömürcü), Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları
  • Mawby, R. I. (1986) “Fear of Crime and Concern Over the Crime Problem Among the Elderly”, Journal of Community Psychology, Volume 14, UK, pp. 300-306.
  • Pantazis, C. (2000). “Fear of Crime, Vulnerability and Poverty: Evidence from the British Crime”, The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 414-436.
  • Renzetti, Claire M.; Maier, Shana L. (2002). “Private” Crime in Public Housing: Violent Victimization, Fear of Crime and Social Isolation Among Women Public Housing Residents, CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles, pp. 46-65.
  • Sennett, Richard, (2019).Gözün Vicdanı: Kentin Tasarımı ve Toplumsal Yaşam, (Çev. Süha Sertabiboğlu & Can Kurultay), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  • Stanko, Elizabeth A.; Hobdell, K. (1993). “Assault on Men: Masculinity and Male Victimization”, The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 33, No. 3, , pp. 400-415.
  • Stanko, Elizabeth A. (1995). Women, Crime, and Fear, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 539, Reactions to Crime and Violence, pp. 46-58.
  • Tandoğan, O.; İlhan, Bilge Ş. (2016). “Fear of Crime in Public Spaces: From the View of Women Living in Cities”, Procedia Engineering, World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium, pp. 2011-2018.
  • The Good Childhood Report, ET: 23.05.2020, www.childrenssociety.org.uk/good-childhood-report

SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL COST OF CRIME: FEAR OF CRIME AND FACTORS THAT CAUSE THE FEAR OF CRIME

Year 2020, Issue: 5, 25 - 41, 22.06.2020

Abstract

Crime, a universal phenomenon, is seen more in modern societies than in traditional ones. The fact that change has slowed down in today's world brings along various problems. One of the most important of these problems is the increase in crime rates. As crime rates increase in society, fear of crime also increases in parallel. Fear of crime is described as the social and psychological cost of crime. The fear of crime and crime plays an important role in the unsatisfactory feeling of trust, which is one of the most basic needs for man. It is possible to say that the fear of crime is at least as important as the crime phenomenon itself. In this context, firstly, the reasons behind the fear of crime should be revealed. In this study, it is tried to reveal the fear of crime and the factors that cause it in the theoretical framework. In addition, individual factors such as age, gender, status and income, which are thought to cause fear of crime, are also emphasized, as well as social factors including insecurity, space, media and urban life. Communities want to minimize crime rates to ensure their integrity. However, it is not always possible to minimize crime rates. When crime rates increase, the sense of trust in the society decreases and insecurity begins to prevail. This causes communication and trust problems in the society. Today, it has been noticed how important the healthy communication network developed based on trust is in social integration. For this reason, in the study, it was aimed to draw attention to the importance of the subject and to shed light on those who will conduct studies on the subject, based on the literature on fear of crime.

References

  • Andre, C. (2016). Korkunun Psikolojisi: Fobiler, Korkular, Kaygılar, (Çev. İsmail Yerguz), İstanbul: Say Yayınları
  • Beck, U. (2014). Risk Toplumu: Başka Bir Modernliğe Doğru, (Çev. Kazım Özdoğan), Bülent Doğan, İstanbul: İthaki Yayınları
  • Bericat, E. (2015) “The Sociology of Emotions: Four Decades of Progress”, Current Sociology, Vol. 64(3), pp. 491–513.
  • Braungart, MM.; Braungart, RG.; Hoyer, WJ. (1980). Age, Sex, and Social Factors in Fear of Crime, Sociological Focus, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 55-66.
  • Burkovik, Y.; Tan, O. (2016). Korkacak Ne Var: Korkunun Psikolojisi, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları
  • Craske, Michelle G. (2003). Origins of Phobias and Anxiety Disorders: Why More Women Than Men?, Oxford, Elsevier
  • Çoklar, I.; Solak, N. (2017). “Suç Korkusu: Tanım, Ölçüm ve Belirleyiciler”, Nesne Psikoloji Dergisi, S: 311-328, Cilt 5, Sayı: 10
  • Erkan, Nilgün Ç. (2015). “Büyük Kentlerde Kadınların Korku Mekânları”, Gündelik Hayat Sosyolojisi Açısından Suç ve Suç Korkusu, Edt. Adem Solak, Öner Solak, Ankara: Hegem Yayınları
  • Farral, S.; Gray, E.; Jackson, J. (2007). “Theorising the Fear of Crime: The Cultural and Social Significance of Insecurities about Crime”, Experience and Expression in the Fear of Crime Working Paper, No. 5
  • Furedi, F. (2017). Korku Kültürü: Risk Almamanın Riskleri, (Çev. Barış Yıldırım), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  • Garofalo, J. (1981). “The Fear of Crime: Causes and Consequences”, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 72, No: 2, USA, , pp. 839-857.
  • Gordon, Margaret T.; Riger, S.; LeBailly, Robert K.; Heath, L. (1980). “Crime, Women, and the Quality of Urban Life”, Women and the American City, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 143-160.
  • Gustafson, PE. (1998). “Gender Differences in Risk Perception: Theoretical and Methodological Perspectives”, Risk Analysis, Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 805-811.
  • İçli, Tülin G. (2007). Kriminoloji, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık
  • Kemper, TD. (1987). “How Many Emotions Are There? Wedding the Social and the Autonomic Components”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 93, No. 2, , pp. 263-289.
  • LaGrange, RL.; Ferraro, KF. (1989). “Assessing Age and Gender Differencees in Perceived Risk and Fear of Crime”, Criminology, Vol. 27, No. 4, , pp. 697-719.
  • Marshall, G. (2009).Sosyoloji Sözlüğü, (Çev. Osman Akınhay; Derya Kömürcü), Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları
  • Mawby, R. I. (1986) “Fear of Crime and Concern Over the Crime Problem Among the Elderly”, Journal of Community Psychology, Volume 14, UK, pp. 300-306.
  • Pantazis, C. (2000). “Fear of Crime, Vulnerability and Poverty: Evidence from the British Crime”, The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 414-436.
  • Renzetti, Claire M.; Maier, Shana L. (2002). “Private” Crime in Public Housing: Violent Victimization, Fear of Crime and Social Isolation Among Women Public Housing Residents, CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles, pp. 46-65.
  • Sennett, Richard, (2019).Gözün Vicdanı: Kentin Tasarımı ve Toplumsal Yaşam, (Çev. Süha Sertabiboğlu & Can Kurultay), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  • Stanko, Elizabeth A.; Hobdell, K. (1993). “Assault on Men: Masculinity and Male Victimization”, The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 33, No. 3, , pp. 400-415.
  • Stanko, Elizabeth A. (1995). Women, Crime, and Fear, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 539, Reactions to Crime and Violence, pp. 46-58.
  • Tandoğan, O.; İlhan, Bilge Ş. (2016). “Fear of Crime in Public Spaces: From the View of Women Living in Cities”, Procedia Engineering, World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium, pp. 2011-2018.
  • The Good Childhood Report, ET: 23.05.2020, www.childrenssociety.org.uk/good-childhood-report
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Dolunay Şenol 0000-0003-3716-0430

Özge Gülver

Publication Date June 22, 2020
Submission Date May 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Şenol, D., & Gülver, Ö. (2020). SUÇUN SOSYAL PSİKOLOJİK MALİYETİ: SUÇ KORKUSU VE SUÇ KORKUSUNA NEDEN OLAN FAKTÖRLER. Toplum Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(5), 25-41.

“Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” (J-SCS) is published in Turkish and English. “Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” (J-SCS) is published only in electronic form through its website and adopts open access policy. The journal is published twice a year, in June and December. No fees are charged for publications, no fees are paid to the editors, the editorial board and the referees and their owners. It is accepted that the authors who submit articles to the contact address for publication in the journal should read and acknowledge this copyright statement.

“Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” is open to the work of all researchers who have the title “PhD” or “PhD student”. It is not obligatory that the second, third and fourth authors of the article have the title “PhD” or “PhD student”. An article should has been written by max. four authors. The articles prepared in accordance with the writing rules are presented to the referee for review after they have passed the editorial review. The reviewer may ask for a correction to the article, directly refuse or accept it. For the articles declined as a result of the reviewer evaluation, a second reviewer may be requested by the author, If the editors’ board finds that the request is appropriate, the article will be sent to a second reviewer.

The articles previously published in another publication or in the evaluation stage by another publication are not accepted into “Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” publication process. All the ethical and legal responsibilities related to the published articles belong to the authors.