Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

TÜKETİM KARŞITI YAŞAM TARZLARI: FREEGANİZM, GÖNÜLLÜ SADELİK VE MİNİMALİZM

Year 2020, Issue: 6, 38 - 64, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48131/jscs.820039

Abstract

Günümüz toplumlarında tüketim gündelik yaşamın odağında yer almaktadır. Önceleri basit ihtiyaçların karşılanması anlamına gelen tüketim giderek daha karmaşık bir hal almaktadır. Tüketim zaman içerisinde temel ihtiyaçların yanında haz, gösteriş, statü, kimlik ve itibar için de yapılır hale gelmektedir. Tüketimin zaman ve mekân sınırlamalarından çıkarılıp sanal bir hal alması süreci daha da hızlandırmakta aşırı tüketim davranışı her geçen gün daha çok birey tarafından benimsenmeye başlamaktadır. Ancak çoğu zaman tüketimin kendilerine sunduğu cazibeli dünyaya kapılan bireyler aşırı tüketimin oluşturabileceği olumsuz sonuçları pek düşünmemektedir. Tüketimdeki bu artışın sonuçları gerek bireysel gerek toplumsal gerekse çevresel düzeyde birtakım tahribatlara yol açmaktadır. Oluşan bu tahribatları önlemek adına bazı bireyler alternatif yaşam tarzı arayışları içine girmektedir. Bugün dünya çapında oldukça popüler hale gelen bu yaşam tarzları geniş kesimler tarafından tercih edilmeye başlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tüketim karşıtı yaşam tarzları ele alınmaktadır. Tüketim konusunda yürütülen araştırmaların çoğu tüketimin olumsuz etkileri üzerine odaklanmakta; tüketim karşıtı yaşam tarzları ve hareketler yeterince incelenmemektedir. Bu yüzden çalışmada tüketim karşıtı yaşam tarzları incelenerek alana farklı bir yönde katkı sunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada freeganizm, gönüllü sadelik ve minimalizm gibi yaşam tarzlarının ortaya çıkış nedenleri, benimsedikleri fikirler ve yaşam şekilleri betimlenmektedir. Birbirinden farklı özelliklere sahip olan bu yaşam tarzlarının çıkış noktası tüketim karşıtlığı iken takındıkları tavır sürdürülebilir ve kaliteli bir yaşam üzerinde odaklanmaktadır.

References

  • Aksoy, M. & Solunoğlu, A. (2015). Gıda İsrafı ve freegan food akımı. I. Eurasia International Tourism Congress: Current Issues, Trends, and Indicators, 165–172.
  • Alexander, S. (2011). The voluntary simplicity movement: Reimagining the good life beyond consumer culture. International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability, 7(3), 133–150.
  • Barnard, V. A. (2016). Freegans: Diving into the Wealth of Food Waste in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Barton, D. L. (1981), Voluntary simplicity lifestyles and energy conservation. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(3), 243–252.
  • Barton, D. L. (2008). Voluntary simplicity lifestyles and energy conservation. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 243–252.
  • Barton, D. L. & Rogers, M. E. (1980). Voluntary Simplicity, in J. C. Olson & A. Abor (Eds.), Advances in Consumer Research Volume 07, Association for Consumer Research (pp. 28-34).
  • Başçı, E. (2014), A Revisited Concept of Anti-Consumption for Marketing. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 160-168. Baudrillard, J. (2015). Tüketim Toplumu: Söylenceleri/yapıları. (Çev. Alaeddin Şenel), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bauman, Z. (2006), Küreselleşme. 2. Basım, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bayat, M. & Sezer, A. (2018). Bireylerin gönüllü sade yaşam tarzları ve yaşam doyumlarının geleneksellik değeri açısından değerlendirilmesi: Düzce Üniversitesi örneği. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 11(1), 69-–87.
  • Boujbel, L. & D’Astous, A. (2012). Voluntary simplicity and life satisfaction: exploring the mediating role of consumption desires. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11, 487–494.
  • Corman, L. (2011), Getting their hands dirty: Raccoons, freegans, and urban “trash”. Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 9(3), 28-61.
  • Craig-Lees, M. & Hill, C. (2002). Understanding voluntary simplifiers. Psychology & Marketing, 19(2), 187–210.
  • Dopierala, R. (2017). Minimalism - A New Mode of Consumption? The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity, (4), 67–83.
  • Elgin, D. & Mitchell, A. (1977). Voluntary simplicity. The Co-evolution Quarterly, 3, 4–19.
  • Etzioni, A. (1998). Voluntary simplicity: Characterization, select psychological implications and societal consequences, Journal of Economic Psychology, 19, 619–643.
  • Etzioni, A. (1999). Voluntary Simplicity: A new social movement? In William E. Halal & Kenneth B. Taylor (Eds.), Twenty-First Century Economics, (pp. 107-128). New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Fournier, S. (1998), Consumers and Their Brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–373.
  • Freegan.info (2020). Strategies for sustainable living Beyond capitalism. URL: www.freegan.info. Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2020.
  • Giddens, A. & Sutton, P. (2014). Sosyolojide Temel Kavramlar. (Çev. Ali Esgin). Ankara: Phoneix Yayınları.
  • Gökdayı, İ. (1997). Çevrenin geleceği: Yaklaşımlar ve politikalar. Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını.
  • Gregg, R. B. (1936). The value of voluntary simplicity. Wallingford, UK: Pendle Hill.
  • Gross, J. (2009). Capitalism and its discontents: Back-to-the-lander and freegan foodways in rural Oregon, Food and Foodways 17(2):57-79.
  • Huneke, Mary E. (2005). The face of the unconsumer: An empirical examination of the practice of voluntary simplicity in the United States, Psychology & Marketing, 22(7), 527–550.
  • Iwata, O. (2006). An evaluation of consumerism and lifestyle as correlates of avoluntary simplicity lifestyle. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(5), 557–568.
  • Iyer, R., & Muncy, J. A. (2008). Service Recovery in Marketing Education: It’s What We Do That Counts. Journal of Marketing Education, 30(1), 21–32.
  • Jacoby, J., Berning K. C. & Dietvorst F. T. (1977). What about disposition? Journal of Marketing, 41(2), 22–28.
  • Johnston, T. C., (2003), Voluntary simplicity: Definitions and dimensions. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 7(1), 19-36.
  • Karaboğa, T. (2016). Televizyon dizilerinde tüketim olgusu. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 2072-2101.
  • Karakaş, M. (2006). Tüketim Toplumu. İçinde Tevfik Erdem (Ed.), Feodaliteden Küreselleşmeye: Temel Kavram ve Süreçler. Ankara: Lotus Yayınevi.
  • Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Kasser, T. & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and the relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. In P. Schmuck, & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 116–131). Goettingen: Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Kaynak, R. & Ekşi, S. (2011). Ethnocentrism, religiosity, environmental and health consciousness: Motivators for anti-consumers. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics. 4 (8), 31-50.
  • Kuzu, A. & Özveren, H. (2011). Tüketilen tüketici. SAÜ Fen Edebiyat Dergisi, 13(1), 61-72.
  • Lee, M., Motion, J. & Conroy, D. (2009). Anti-consumption and brand avoidance. Journal of Business Research, 169-180.
  • Lloyd, K. & Pennington, W. (2020). Towards a theory of minimalism and wellbeing. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5, 121–136.
  • Lunt, P. & Livingston, S. (1992). Mass consumption and personal identity. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Monopolis, A. N. (2010). Voluntary simplicity, authentic happiness, and ecological sustainability. University of California, Santa Barbara: California, PHD.
  • More, V.C. (2011), Dumpster dinners: An ethnographic study of freeganism, The Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography, 1, 43-55.
  • Nar, M. (2015). Küreselleşmenin tüketim kültürü üzerindeki etkisi: Teknoloji tüketimi. Journal of International Social Research, 941-954.
  • Nelson, MR. Rademacher, MA. & Paek H-J. (2007). Downshifting consumer upshifting citizen: An examination of a local freecycle community. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 611(1): 141–156.
  • Nguyen, H. P., Chen, S. & Mukherjee, S. (2014), Reverse stigma in the Freegan community, Journal of Business Research, (67), 1877-1884.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (1999). Tüketim Kültürü: Yetinen toplumdan tüketen topluma dönüşümü. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Örs, H. (2016). Gönüllü sade yaşam kavramının tarihteki ilk uygulamaları: Selçuklu-Osmanlı dönemi ahilik sisteminde gönüllü sade yaşam. Journal of Management, 3(3), 272-283.
  • Özgül, E. (2010). Tüketicilerin değer yapıları, gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı ve sürdürülebilir tüketim üzerindeki etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 117-150.
  • Özgül, E. (2011). Tüketicilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin hedonik tüketim ve gönüllü sade yaşam tarzları açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(1), 25-38.
  • Palafox, C. L. (2020). When less is more: minimalism and the environment. Environmental and Earth Law Journal, 10, 64-88.
  • Penaloza L. & Price LL. (1993). Consumer resistance: a conceptual overview. Adv. Consum Res 1993; 20(1), 123–8.
  • Pentina, I.& Amos, C., (2010), The freegan phenomenon: anti-consumption or consumer resistance? European Journal of Marketing, 45 (11/12), 1768-1778.
  • Richins, M. L. & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303–315.
  • Ritzer, G. (2011), Küresel Dünya. (Çev. M. Pekdemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Rodriguez, J. (2018), The US minimalist movement: radical political practice? Review of Radical Political Economics, 50(2), 286-296.
  • Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K., & Lehman, D. R. (2002). Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1178–1197.
  • Shama, A. (1981). Coping with Staglation: Voluntary Simplicity. Journal of Marketing, 45(3), 120–134.
  • Shaw D. & Moraes C. (2009). Voluntary simplicity: An exploration of market interactions. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(2), 215-223.
  • Shaw, D. & T. Newholm. (2002). Voluntary simplicity and the ethics of consumption. Psychology& Marketing, 19(2), 167-185.
  • Thomas, S. R. (2010), Do freegans commit theft? Legal Studies, 30(1), 98-125.
  • Uygun, M., Akın, P. D. & Güner, E. (2018). Gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı, alışveriş motivasyonu ve marka deneyimi arasındaki ilişkiler. Turkish Journal of Marketing, 3(3), 199-222.
  • Walther, C. S. & Sandlin, J. A. (2013). Green capital and social reproduction within families practicing voluntary simplicity in the US. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(1), 36–45.
  • Walther, C. S., Sandlin, J. A. & Wuensch, K. (2016). Voluntary simplifiers, spirituality and happiness. Humanity & Society, 40(1), 22-42.
  • Williams, R. (2016). Anahtar Sözcükler. (Çev. Savaş Kılıç). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Zalega T., (2015), New consumer trends, In Burchard-Dziubińska M. (ed.), Towards a green economy. From ideas to practice, (pp. 79–92). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.
  • Zavestoski, S. (2002). Guest editorial: Anti-consumption. Psychology Marketting, 19(2), 121-126.
Year 2020, Issue: 6, 38 - 64, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.48131/jscs.820039

Abstract

References

  • Aksoy, M. & Solunoğlu, A. (2015). Gıda İsrafı ve freegan food akımı. I. Eurasia International Tourism Congress: Current Issues, Trends, and Indicators, 165–172.
  • Alexander, S. (2011). The voluntary simplicity movement: Reimagining the good life beyond consumer culture. International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability, 7(3), 133–150.
  • Barnard, V. A. (2016). Freegans: Diving into the Wealth of Food Waste in America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Barton, D. L. (1981), Voluntary simplicity lifestyles and energy conservation. Journal of Consumer Research, 8(3), 243–252.
  • Barton, D. L. (2008). Voluntary simplicity lifestyles and energy conservation. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 243–252.
  • Barton, D. L. & Rogers, M. E. (1980). Voluntary Simplicity, in J. C. Olson & A. Abor (Eds.), Advances in Consumer Research Volume 07, Association for Consumer Research (pp. 28-34).
  • Başçı, E. (2014), A Revisited Concept of Anti-Consumption for Marketing. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 160-168. Baudrillard, J. (2015). Tüketim Toplumu: Söylenceleri/yapıları. (Çev. Alaeddin Şenel), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bauman, Z. (2006), Küreselleşme. 2. Basım, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bayat, M. & Sezer, A. (2018). Bireylerin gönüllü sade yaşam tarzları ve yaşam doyumlarının geleneksellik değeri açısından değerlendirilmesi: Düzce Üniversitesi örneği. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 11(1), 69-–87.
  • Boujbel, L. & D’Astous, A. (2012). Voluntary simplicity and life satisfaction: exploring the mediating role of consumption desires. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11, 487–494.
  • Corman, L. (2011), Getting their hands dirty: Raccoons, freegans, and urban “trash”. Journal for Critical Animal Studies, 9(3), 28-61.
  • Craig-Lees, M. & Hill, C. (2002). Understanding voluntary simplifiers. Psychology & Marketing, 19(2), 187–210.
  • Dopierala, R. (2017). Minimalism - A New Mode of Consumption? The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity, (4), 67–83.
  • Elgin, D. & Mitchell, A. (1977). Voluntary simplicity. The Co-evolution Quarterly, 3, 4–19.
  • Etzioni, A. (1998). Voluntary simplicity: Characterization, select psychological implications and societal consequences, Journal of Economic Psychology, 19, 619–643.
  • Etzioni, A. (1999). Voluntary Simplicity: A new social movement? In William E. Halal & Kenneth B. Taylor (Eds.), Twenty-First Century Economics, (pp. 107-128). New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Fournier, S. (1998), Consumers and Their Brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343–373.
  • Freegan.info (2020). Strategies for sustainable living Beyond capitalism. URL: www.freegan.info. Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2020.
  • Giddens, A. & Sutton, P. (2014). Sosyolojide Temel Kavramlar. (Çev. Ali Esgin). Ankara: Phoneix Yayınları.
  • Gökdayı, İ. (1997). Çevrenin geleceği: Yaklaşımlar ve politikalar. Ankara: Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını.
  • Gregg, R. B. (1936). The value of voluntary simplicity. Wallingford, UK: Pendle Hill.
  • Gross, J. (2009). Capitalism and its discontents: Back-to-the-lander and freegan foodways in rural Oregon, Food and Foodways 17(2):57-79.
  • Huneke, Mary E. (2005). The face of the unconsumer: An empirical examination of the practice of voluntary simplicity in the United States, Psychology & Marketing, 22(7), 527–550.
  • Iwata, O. (2006). An evaluation of consumerism and lifestyle as correlates of avoluntary simplicity lifestyle. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(5), 557–568.
  • Iyer, R., & Muncy, J. A. (2008). Service Recovery in Marketing Education: It’s What We Do That Counts. Journal of Marketing Education, 30(1), 21–32.
  • Jacoby, J., Berning K. C. & Dietvorst F. T. (1977). What about disposition? Journal of Marketing, 41(2), 22–28.
  • Johnston, T. C., (2003), Voluntary simplicity: Definitions and dimensions. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 7(1), 19-36.
  • Karaboğa, T. (2016). Televizyon dizilerinde tüketim olgusu. International Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 2072-2101.
  • Karakaş, M. (2006). Tüketim Toplumu. İçinde Tevfik Erdem (Ed.), Feodaliteden Küreselleşmeye: Temel Kavram ve Süreçler. Ankara: Lotus Yayınevi.
  • Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Kasser, T. & Ryan, R. M. (2001). Be careful what you wish for: Optimal functioning and the relative attainment of intrinsic and extrinsic goals. In P. Schmuck, & K. M. Sheldon (Eds.), Life goals and well-being: Towards a positive psychology of human striving (pp. 116–131). Goettingen: Hogrefe & Huber.
  • Kaynak, R. & Ekşi, S. (2011). Ethnocentrism, religiosity, environmental and health consciousness: Motivators for anti-consumers. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics. 4 (8), 31-50.
  • Kuzu, A. & Özveren, H. (2011). Tüketilen tüketici. SAÜ Fen Edebiyat Dergisi, 13(1), 61-72.
  • Lee, M., Motion, J. & Conroy, D. (2009). Anti-consumption and brand avoidance. Journal of Business Research, 169-180.
  • Lloyd, K. & Pennington, W. (2020). Towards a theory of minimalism and wellbeing. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 5, 121–136.
  • Lunt, P. & Livingston, S. (1992). Mass consumption and personal identity. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Monopolis, A. N. (2010). Voluntary simplicity, authentic happiness, and ecological sustainability. University of California, Santa Barbara: California, PHD.
  • More, V.C. (2011), Dumpster dinners: An ethnographic study of freeganism, The Journal for Undergraduate Ethnography, 1, 43-55.
  • Nar, M. (2015). Küreselleşmenin tüketim kültürü üzerindeki etkisi: Teknoloji tüketimi. Journal of International Social Research, 941-954.
  • Nelson, MR. Rademacher, MA. & Paek H-J. (2007). Downshifting consumer upshifting citizen: An examination of a local freecycle community. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 611(1): 141–156.
  • Nguyen, H. P., Chen, S. & Mukherjee, S. (2014), Reverse stigma in the Freegan community, Journal of Business Research, (67), 1877-1884.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (1999). Tüketim Kültürü: Yetinen toplumdan tüketen topluma dönüşümü. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
  • Örs, H. (2016). Gönüllü sade yaşam kavramının tarihteki ilk uygulamaları: Selçuklu-Osmanlı dönemi ahilik sisteminde gönüllü sade yaşam. Journal of Management, 3(3), 272-283.
  • Özgül, E. (2010). Tüketicilerin değer yapıları, gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı ve sürdürülebilir tüketim üzerindeki etkileri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 117-150.
  • Özgül, E. (2011). Tüketicilerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin hedonik tüketim ve gönüllü sade yaşam tarzları açısından değerlendirilmesi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(1), 25-38.
  • Palafox, C. L. (2020). When less is more: minimalism and the environment. Environmental and Earth Law Journal, 10, 64-88.
  • Penaloza L. & Price LL. (1993). Consumer resistance: a conceptual overview. Adv. Consum Res 1993; 20(1), 123–8.
  • Pentina, I.& Amos, C., (2010), The freegan phenomenon: anti-consumption or consumer resistance? European Journal of Marketing, 45 (11/12), 1768-1778.
  • Richins, M. L. & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303–315.
  • Ritzer, G. (2011), Küresel Dünya. (Çev. M. Pekdemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Rodriguez, J. (2018), The US minimalist movement: radical political practice? Review of Radical Political Economics, 50(2), 286-296.
  • Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K., & Lehman, D. R. (2002). Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1178–1197.
  • Shama, A. (1981). Coping with Staglation: Voluntary Simplicity. Journal of Marketing, 45(3), 120–134.
  • Shaw D. & Moraes C. (2009). Voluntary simplicity: An exploration of market interactions. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(2), 215-223.
  • Shaw, D. & T. Newholm. (2002). Voluntary simplicity and the ethics of consumption. Psychology& Marketing, 19(2), 167-185.
  • Thomas, S. R. (2010), Do freegans commit theft? Legal Studies, 30(1), 98-125.
  • Uygun, M., Akın, P. D. & Güner, E. (2018). Gönüllü sade yaşam tarzı, alışveriş motivasyonu ve marka deneyimi arasındaki ilişkiler. Turkish Journal of Marketing, 3(3), 199-222.
  • Walther, C. S. & Sandlin, J. A. (2013). Green capital and social reproduction within families practicing voluntary simplicity in the US. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(1), 36–45.
  • Walther, C. S., Sandlin, J. A. & Wuensch, K. (2016). Voluntary simplifiers, spirituality and happiness. Humanity & Society, 40(1), 22-42.
  • Williams, R. (2016). Anahtar Sözcükler. (Çev. Savaş Kılıç). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Zalega T., (2015), New consumer trends, In Burchard-Dziubińska M. (ed.), Towards a green economy. From ideas to practice, (pp. 79–92). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.
  • Zavestoski, S. (2002). Guest editorial: Anti-consumption. Psychology Marketting, 19(2), 121-126.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Seda Taş 0000-0002-5366-5204

Publication Date December 28, 2020
Submission Date November 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Taş, S. (2020). TÜKETİM KARŞITI YAŞAM TARZLARI: FREEGANİZM, GÖNÜLLÜ SADELİK VE MİNİMALİZM. Toplum Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi(6), 38-64. https://doi.org/10.48131/jscs.820039

“Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” (J-SCS) is published in Turkish and English. “Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” (J-SCS) is published only in electronic form through its website and adopts open access policy. The journal is published twice a year, in June and December. No fees are charged for publications, no fees are paid to the editors, the editorial board and the referees and their owners. It is accepted that the authors who submit articles to the contact address for publication in the journal should read and acknowledge this copyright statement.

“Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” is open to the work of all researchers who have the title “PhD” or “PhD student”. It is not obligatory that the second, third and fourth authors of the article have the title “PhD” or “PhD student”. An article should has been written by max. four authors. The articles prepared in accordance with the writing rules are presented to the referee for review after they have passed the editorial review. The reviewer may ask for a correction to the article, directly refuse or accept it. For the articles declined as a result of the reviewer evaluation, a second reviewer may be requested by the author, If the editors’ board finds that the request is appropriate, the article will be sent to a second reviewer.

The articles previously published in another publication or in the evaluation stage by another publication are not accepted into “Journal of Social and Cultural Studies” publication process. All the ethical and legal responsibilities related to the published articles belong to the authors.