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Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri

Year 2022, , 279 - 290, 29.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1038657

Abstract

İlk kez Çin’in Vuhan şehrinde Aralık 2019 tarihinde görülüp Mart 2020 tarihinde WHO tarafından pandemi olarak bildirilen koronavirüs salgını o tarihten bu yana tüm dünyayı etkisi altına almıştır. Koronavirüs hastalığı yeni tip koronavirüs olarak adlandırılan SARS-Cov-2 virüsünün neden olduğu, soğuk algınlığı semptomları, zatüre, çoklu organ yetmezliği, yaygın damar içi pıhtılaşma gibi semptomları bulunan ve ölümcül olabilen bir hastalıktır. Şu anda Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun tedavisinde antiviral, antibakteriyel, antimalaryal ajanlar kullanılmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra DNA-RNA bazlı, viral vektör tabanlı, inaktif virüs gibi SARS-CoV-2 aşıları geliştirilmiş ve geliştirilmeye devam etmektedir. Öte yandan bağışıklığın güçlenmesinde son derece etkin olan bazı immünonutrientler, Covid-19 enfeksiyonunun seyrinin iyileşmesinde ve semptomlarının hafiflemesinde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu derleme yazıda, arjinin, glutamin ve omega-3 yağ asitlerinin Covid-19 enfeksiyonundaki etkinliğinin incelendiği çalışmalar ile ulusal/uluslararası kılavuzlar ele alınmıştır.

References

  • Akhtar, S., Das, J. K., Ismail, T., Wahid, M., Saeed, W., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. Nutrition Reviews, 79(3), 289-300.
  • Barazzoni, R., Bischoff, S. C., Breda, J., Wickramasinghe, K., Krznarić, Ž., Nitzan, D., Pirlich, M., & Singer, P. (2020). ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV2 infection. Clin Nutr, 39(6), 1631-1638.
  • Budhwar, S., Sethi, K., & Chakraborty, M. (2020). A rapid advice guideline for the prevention of novel coronavirus through nutritional intervention. Curr Nutr Rep, 9(3), 119-128.
  • Cai, T., Yu, Z., Wang, Z., Liang, C., & Richard, S. (2021). Arginine methylation of SARS-Cov-2 nucleocapsid protein regulates RNA binding, its ability to suppress stress granule formation, and viral replication. J Biol Chem, 297(1), 1-16.
  • Canzano, P., Brambilla, M., Porro, B., Cosentino, N., Tortorici, E., Vicini, S., Cascella, A., Pengo, M. F., Veglia, F., Fiorelli, S., Bonomi, A., Cavalca, V., Trabattoni, D., Andreini, D., Sale, E. O., Parati, G., Tremoli, E., & Camera, M. (2021). Platelet and endothelial activation as potential mechanisms behind the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 patients. Basic Transl Sci, 6(3), 202-218.
  • Cawood, A. L., Walters, E. R., Smith, T. R., Sipaul, R. H., & Stratton, R. J. (2020). A review of nutrition support guidelines for individuals with or recovering from covıd-19 in the community. Nutrients, 12(11), 1-13.
  • Cengiz, M., Uysal, B. B., İkitimur, H., Özcan, E., İslamoğlu, M. S., Aktepe, E., Yavuzer, H., & Yavuzer, S. (2020). Effect of oral l-glutamine supplementation on covid-19 treatment. Clin Nutr Exp, 33, 24-31.
  • Chang, J. P. C., Pariante, C. M., & Su, K. P. (2020). Omega-3 fatty acids in the psychological and physiological resilience against covıd-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 161, 1-3.
  • Chromchenkova, E. P., Bokov, D. O., Bessonov, V. V., Samylina, I. A., Kakhramanova, S. D., Chevidaev, V. V., Sokhin, D. M., Balobanova, N. P., Evgrafov, A. A., Krasnyuk, I. I., Kudashkina, N. V., Marakhova, A. I., & Moiseev, D. V. (2020). Coltsfoot leaves (Tussilago farfara L.) a promising source of essential amino acids. Syst Rev Pharm, 11(6), 221-225.
  • Dean, M. J., Ochoa, J. B., Sanchez-Pino, M. D., Zabaleta, J., Garai, J., Del Valle, L., ... & Ochoa, A. C. (2021). Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an impaired type I interferon response and elevated levels of arginase producing granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells. Frontiers in immunology, 12, 1-11.
  • Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., D’Angelo, A., & Di Pierro, F. (2021). Nutraceutical approach to preventing coronavirus disease 2019 and related complications. Front Immunol, 12, 1-10.
  • Detopoulou, P., Demopoulos, C. A., & Antonopoulou, S. (2021). Micronutrients, phytochemicals and mediterranean diet: a potential protective role against covıd-19 through modulation of paf actions and metabolism. Nutrients, 13(2), 1-25.
  • Djuricic, I., & Calder, P. C. (2021). Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health: an update for 2021. Nutrients, 13(7), 1-23.
  • Doaei, S., Gholami, S., Rastgoo, S., Gholamalizadeh, M., Bourbour, F., Bagheri, S. E., Samipoor, F., Akbari, M. E., Shadnoush, M., Ghorat, F., Jarrahi, S. A. M., Mirsadeghi, N. A., Hajipour, A., Joola, P., Moslem, A., & Goodarzi, M. O. (2021). The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with covıd-19: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med, 19(1), 1-9.
  • Dos Santos Ferreira, R., Dos Santos, C., Mendonça, L. A. B. M., Carvalho, C. M. E., & Franco, O. L. (2021). Immunonutrition effects on coping with covıd-19. Food Funct, 12(17), 7637-7650.
  • Fadlyana, E., Rusmil, K., Tarigan, R., Rahmadi, A. R., Prodjosoewojo, S., Sofiatin, Y., ... & Kartasasmita, C. B. (2021). A phase III, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: An interim analysis in Indonesia. Vaccine, 39(44), 6520-6528.
  • Gambardella, J., Khondkar, W., Morelli, M. B., Wang, X., Santulli, G., & Trimarco, V. (2020). Arginine and endothelial function. Biomedicines, 8(8), 1-25.
  • Goc, A., Niedzwiecki, A., & Rath, M. (2021). Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ace2-controlled sars-cov-2 binding and cellular entry. Sci Rep, 11(1), 1-12.
  • Grimes, J. M., Khan, S., Badeaux, M., Rao, R. M., Rowlinson, S. W., & Carvajal, R. D. (2020). Arginine depletion as a therapeutic approach for patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis, 102, 566-570.
  • Hathaway III, D., Pandav, K., Patel, M., Riva-Moscoso, A., Singh, B. M., Patel, A., Min, Z. C., Singh-Makkar, S., Sana, M. K., Sanchez-Dopazo, R., Desir, R., Fahem, M. M. M., Manella, S., Rodriguez, I., Alvarez, A., & Abreu, R. (2020). Omega 3 fatty acids and covıd-19: a comprehensive review. Infect Chemother, 52(4), 478-495.
  • Jiang, H., Zhang, J. C., Zeng, J., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Lu, C. D., Deng, L., Deng, H., Wang, K., Sun, M., Zhou, P., Yuan, T., & Chen, W. (2020). Gut, metabolism and nutritional support for covıd-19: experiences from china. Burns Trauma, 8, 1-10.
  • Kim, J., Zhang, J., Cha, Y., Kolitz, S., Funt, J., Chong, R. E., Barrett, S., Kusko, R., Zeskind, B., & Kaufman, H. (2020). Advanced bioinformatics rapidly identifies existing therapeutics for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (covıd-19). J Transl Med, 18(1), 1-9.
  • Liao, S. Y., Linderholm, A., Showalter, M. R., Chen, C. H., Fiehn, O., & Kenyon, N. J. (2021). L‐arginine as a potential glp-1-mediated immunomodulator of th17 related cytokines in people with obesity and asthma. Obes Sci Pract, 7(3), 339-345.
  • Louca, P., Murray, B., Klaser, K., Graham, M. S., Mazidi, M., Leeming, E. R., ... & Menni, C. (2021). Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app. BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 4(1), 149-157.
  • Martindale, R., Patel, J., Taylor, B., Warren, M., McClave, S. (2020). Nutrition therapy in the patient with covid-19 disease requiring icu care. Reviewed and Approved by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. (https://www.sccm.org/getattachment/Disaster/ Nutrition-Therapy-COVID-19-SCCM-ASPEN.pdf?lang=en-US)
  • Name, J. J., Vasconcelos, A. R., Souza, A. C. R., & Fávaro, W. J. (2021). Vitamin d, zinc and glutamine: synergistic action with oncotherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and covıd 19. Int J Mol Med, 47(11), 1-10.
  • Özsoy, S., & Saka, M. (2021). Covid-19 tanılı yoğun bakım hastalarında omega-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri desteğinin etkileri. Bes Diy Derg, 49(2), 65-72.
  • Rees, C. A., Rostad, C. A., Mantus, G., Anderson, E. J., Chahroudi, A., Jaggi, P., Wrammert, J., Ochoa, J. B., Ochoa, A., Basu, R. K., Heilman, S., Harris, F., Lapp, S. A., Hussaini, L., Vos, M. B., Brown, L. A., & Morris, C. R. (2021). Altered amino acid profile in patients with sars-cov-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 118(25), 1-3.
  • Reizine, F., Lesouhaitier, M., Gregoire, M., Pinceaux, K., Gacouin, A., Maamar, A., Painvin, B., Camus, C., Tulzo, Y. L., Tattevin, P., Revest, M., Bot, A. L., Ballerie, A., Cador-Rousseau, B., Lederlin, M., Lebouvier, T., Launey, Y.,
  • Latour, M., Verdy, C., Rossille, D., Gallou, S. L., Dulong, J., Moreau, C., Bendavid, C., Roussel, M., Cogne, M., Tarte, K., & Tadié, J. M. (2021). Sars-cov-2-induced ards associates with mdsc expansion, lymphocyte dysfunction, and arginine shortage. J Clin Immunol, 41(3), 515-525.
  • Rogero, M. M., Leão, M. D. C., Santana, T. M., de MB Pimentel, M. V., Carlini, G. C., da Silveira, T. F., Gonçalves, R. C., & Castro, I. A. (2020). Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with covıd-19. Free Radic Biol Med, 156, 190-199.
  • Rozga, M., Cheng, F. W., Moloney, L., & Handu, D. (2021). Effects of micronutrients or conditional amino acids on covıd-19-related outcomes: an evidence analysis center scoping review. J Acad Nutr Diet, 121(7), 1354-1363.
  • Sacchi, A., Grassi, G., Notari, S., Gili, S., Bordoni, V., Tartaglia, E., ... & Agrati, C. (2021). Expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells contributes to platelet activation by L-arginine deprivation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cells, 10(8), 2111.
  • Samadi, M., Shirvani, H., & Rahmati-Ahmadabad, S. (2020). A study of possible role of exercise and some antioxidant supplements against coronavirus disease 2019 (covıd-19): a cytokines related perspective. Apunts Sports Medicine, 55(207), 115-117.
  • Santos, H. O., Tinsley, G. M., da Silva, G. A., & Bueno, A. A. (2020). Pharmaconutrition in the clinical management of covıd-19: a lack of evidence-based research but clues to personalized prescription. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 1-18.
  • Sedighiyan, M., Abdollahi, H., Karimi, E., Badeli, M., Erfanian, R., Raeesi, S., Haşimi, R., Vahabi, Z., Asanjarani, B., Mansuri, F., & Abdolahi, M. (2021). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with covid-19: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract, DOI:10.1111/ijcp.14854.
  • Thibault, R., Seguin, P., Tamion, F., Pichard, C., & Singer, P. (2020). Nutrition of the covıd-19 patient in the intensive care unit (icu): a practical guidance. Crit Care, 24(1), 1-8.
  • Turkish Dietetic Association. Turkish Dietetic Association’s Recommendations on Nutrition and COVID-19. (http:// www.efad.org/media/1956/turkish-dietetic-association-nutrition-recommendations-about-coronaviruscovid-19.pdf)
  • Vignesh, R., Velu, V., & Sureban, S. M. (2021). Could nutraceutical approaches possibly attenuate the cytokine storm in covıd-19 patients?. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 11, 1-6.
  • Wu, G., Meininger, C. J., McNeal, C. J., Bazer, F. W., & Rhoads, J. M. (2021). Role of l-arginine in nitric oxide synthesis and health in humans. Wu. G. (ed.), Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health içinde (s. 167-187). Cham: Springer.
  • Zapata B, R., Müller, J. M., Vásquez, J. E., Ravera, F., Lago, G., Cañón, E., Castaneda, D., Pradenas, M., & Ramírez- Santana, M. (2021). Omega-3 index and clinical outcomes of severe covıd-19: preliminary results of a crosssectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(15), 1-8.

The Importance of Immunonutrients in The Covid-19 Pandemic: Arginine, Glutamine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Year 2022, , 279 - 290, 29.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1038657

Abstract

The coronavirus epidemic, which was first seen in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and reported as a pandemic by WHO in March 2020, has affected the whole world since then. Coronavirus disease is a disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, called the new type of coronavirus, with symptoms such as cold symptoms, pneumonia, multi-organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and can be fatal. Currently, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial agents are used in the treatment of Covid-19 infection. In addition, DNA-RNA-based, viral vector-based, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines such as inactivated virus have been developed and continue to be developed. On the other hand, some immunonutrients, which are extremely effective in strengthening immunity, come to the fore in improving the course of Covid-19 infection and alleviating its symptoms. In this review article, studies examining the effectiveness of arginine, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids in Covid-19 infection and national/international guidelines are discussed.

References

  • Akhtar, S., Das, J. K., Ismail, T., Wahid, M., Saeed, W., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2021). Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. Nutrition Reviews, 79(3), 289-300.
  • Barazzoni, R., Bischoff, S. C., Breda, J., Wickramasinghe, K., Krznarić, Ž., Nitzan, D., Pirlich, M., & Singer, P. (2020). ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV2 infection. Clin Nutr, 39(6), 1631-1638.
  • Budhwar, S., Sethi, K., & Chakraborty, M. (2020). A rapid advice guideline for the prevention of novel coronavirus through nutritional intervention. Curr Nutr Rep, 9(3), 119-128.
  • Cai, T., Yu, Z., Wang, Z., Liang, C., & Richard, S. (2021). Arginine methylation of SARS-Cov-2 nucleocapsid protein regulates RNA binding, its ability to suppress stress granule formation, and viral replication. J Biol Chem, 297(1), 1-16.
  • Canzano, P., Brambilla, M., Porro, B., Cosentino, N., Tortorici, E., Vicini, S., Cascella, A., Pengo, M. F., Veglia, F., Fiorelli, S., Bonomi, A., Cavalca, V., Trabattoni, D., Andreini, D., Sale, E. O., Parati, G., Tremoli, E., & Camera, M. (2021). Platelet and endothelial activation as potential mechanisms behind the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 patients. Basic Transl Sci, 6(3), 202-218.
  • Cawood, A. L., Walters, E. R., Smith, T. R., Sipaul, R. H., & Stratton, R. J. (2020). A review of nutrition support guidelines for individuals with or recovering from covıd-19 in the community. Nutrients, 12(11), 1-13.
  • Cengiz, M., Uysal, B. B., İkitimur, H., Özcan, E., İslamoğlu, M. S., Aktepe, E., Yavuzer, H., & Yavuzer, S. (2020). Effect of oral l-glutamine supplementation on covid-19 treatment. Clin Nutr Exp, 33, 24-31.
  • Chang, J. P. C., Pariante, C. M., & Su, K. P. (2020). Omega-3 fatty acids in the psychological and physiological resilience against covıd-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 161, 1-3.
  • Chromchenkova, E. P., Bokov, D. O., Bessonov, V. V., Samylina, I. A., Kakhramanova, S. D., Chevidaev, V. V., Sokhin, D. M., Balobanova, N. P., Evgrafov, A. A., Krasnyuk, I. I., Kudashkina, N. V., Marakhova, A. I., & Moiseev, D. V. (2020). Coltsfoot leaves (Tussilago farfara L.) a promising source of essential amino acids. Syst Rev Pharm, 11(6), 221-225.
  • Dean, M. J., Ochoa, J. B., Sanchez-Pino, M. D., Zabaleta, J., Garai, J., Del Valle, L., ... & Ochoa, A. C. (2021). Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an impaired type I interferon response and elevated levels of arginase producing granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells. Frontiers in immunology, 12, 1-11.
  • Derosa, G., Maffioli, P., D’Angelo, A., & Di Pierro, F. (2021). Nutraceutical approach to preventing coronavirus disease 2019 and related complications. Front Immunol, 12, 1-10.
  • Detopoulou, P., Demopoulos, C. A., & Antonopoulou, S. (2021). Micronutrients, phytochemicals and mediterranean diet: a potential protective role against covıd-19 through modulation of paf actions and metabolism. Nutrients, 13(2), 1-25.
  • Djuricic, I., & Calder, P. C. (2021). Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health: an update for 2021. Nutrients, 13(7), 1-23.
  • Doaei, S., Gholami, S., Rastgoo, S., Gholamalizadeh, M., Bourbour, F., Bagheri, S. E., Samipoor, F., Akbari, M. E., Shadnoush, M., Ghorat, F., Jarrahi, S. A. M., Mirsadeghi, N. A., Hajipour, A., Joola, P., Moslem, A., & Goodarzi, M. O. (2021). The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with covıd-19: a randomized clinical trial. J Transl Med, 19(1), 1-9.
  • Dos Santos Ferreira, R., Dos Santos, C., Mendonça, L. A. B. M., Carvalho, C. M. E., & Franco, O. L. (2021). Immunonutrition effects on coping with covıd-19. Food Funct, 12(17), 7637-7650.
  • Fadlyana, E., Rusmil, K., Tarigan, R., Rahmadi, A. R., Prodjosoewojo, S., Sofiatin, Y., ... & Kartasasmita, C. B. (2021). A phase III, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: An interim analysis in Indonesia. Vaccine, 39(44), 6520-6528.
  • Gambardella, J., Khondkar, W., Morelli, M. B., Wang, X., Santulli, G., & Trimarco, V. (2020). Arginine and endothelial function. Biomedicines, 8(8), 1-25.
  • Goc, A., Niedzwiecki, A., & Rath, M. (2021). Polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids inhibit ace2-controlled sars-cov-2 binding and cellular entry. Sci Rep, 11(1), 1-12.
  • Grimes, J. M., Khan, S., Badeaux, M., Rao, R. M., Rowlinson, S. W., & Carvajal, R. D. (2020). Arginine depletion as a therapeutic approach for patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis, 102, 566-570.
  • Hathaway III, D., Pandav, K., Patel, M., Riva-Moscoso, A., Singh, B. M., Patel, A., Min, Z. C., Singh-Makkar, S., Sana, M. K., Sanchez-Dopazo, R., Desir, R., Fahem, M. M. M., Manella, S., Rodriguez, I., Alvarez, A., & Abreu, R. (2020). Omega 3 fatty acids and covıd-19: a comprehensive review. Infect Chemother, 52(4), 478-495.
  • Jiang, H., Zhang, J. C., Zeng, J., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Lu, C. D., Deng, L., Deng, H., Wang, K., Sun, M., Zhou, P., Yuan, T., & Chen, W. (2020). Gut, metabolism and nutritional support for covıd-19: experiences from china. Burns Trauma, 8, 1-10.
  • Kim, J., Zhang, J., Cha, Y., Kolitz, S., Funt, J., Chong, R. E., Barrett, S., Kusko, R., Zeskind, B., & Kaufman, H. (2020). Advanced bioinformatics rapidly identifies existing therapeutics for patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (covıd-19). J Transl Med, 18(1), 1-9.
  • Liao, S. Y., Linderholm, A., Showalter, M. R., Chen, C. H., Fiehn, O., & Kenyon, N. J. (2021). L‐arginine as a potential glp-1-mediated immunomodulator of th17 related cytokines in people with obesity and asthma. Obes Sci Pract, 7(3), 339-345.
  • Louca, P., Murray, B., Klaser, K., Graham, M. S., Mazidi, M., Leeming, E. R., ... & Menni, C. (2021). Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app. BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 4(1), 149-157.
  • Martindale, R., Patel, J., Taylor, B., Warren, M., McClave, S. (2020). Nutrition therapy in the patient with covid-19 disease requiring icu care. Reviewed and Approved by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. (https://www.sccm.org/getattachment/Disaster/ Nutrition-Therapy-COVID-19-SCCM-ASPEN.pdf?lang=en-US)
  • Name, J. J., Vasconcelos, A. R., Souza, A. C. R., & Fávaro, W. J. (2021). Vitamin d, zinc and glutamine: synergistic action with oncotherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and covıd 19. Int J Mol Med, 47(11), 1-10.
  • Özsoy, S., & Saka, M. (2021). Covid-19 tanılı yoğun bakım hastalarında omega-3 çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri desteğinin etkileri. Bes Diy Derg, 49(2), 65-72.
  • Rees, C. A., Rostad, C. A., Mantus, G., Anderson, E. J., Chahroudi, A., Jaggi, P., Wrammert, J., Ochoa, J. B., Ochoa, A., Basu, R. K., Heilman, S., Harris, F., Lapp, S. A., Hussaini, L., Vos, M. B., Brown, L. A., & Morris, C. R. (2021). Altered amino acid profile in patients with sars-cov-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 118(25), 1-3.
  • Reizine, F., Lesouhaitier, M., Gregoire, M., Pinceaux, K., Gacouin, A., Maamar, A., Painvin, B., Camus, C., Tulzo, Y. L., Tattevin, P., Revest, M., Bot, A. L., Ballerie, A., Cador-Rousseau, B., Lederlin, M., Lebouvier, T., Launey, Y.,
  • Latour, M., Verdy, C., Rossille, D., Gallou, S. L., Dulong, J., Moreau, C., Bendavid, C., Roussel, M., Cogne, M., Tarte, K., & Tadié, J. M. (2021). Sars-cov-2-induced ards associates with mdsc expansion, lymphocyte dysfunction, and arginine shortage. J Clin Immunol, 41(3), 515-525.
  • Rogero, M. M., Leão, M. D. C., Santana, T. M., de MB Pimentel, M. V., Carlini, G. C., da Silveira, T. F., Gonçalves, R. C., & Castro, I. A. (2020). Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with covıd-19. Free Radic Biol Med, 156, 190-199.
  • Rozga, M., Cheng, F. W., Moloney, L., & Handu, D. (2021). Effects of micronutrients or conditional amino acids on covıd-19-related outcomes: an evidence analysis center scoping review. J Acad Nutr Diet, 121(7), 1354-1363.
  • Sacchi, A., Grassi, G., Notari, S., Gili, S., Bordoni, V., Tartaglia, E., ... & Agrati, C. (2021). Expansion of myeloid derived suppressor cells contributes to platelet activation by L-arginine deprivation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cells, 10(8), 2111.
  • Samadi, M., Shirvani, H., & Rahmati-Ahmadabad, S. (2020). A study of possible role of exercise and some antioxidant supplements against coronavirus disease 2019 (covıd-19): a cytokines related perspective. Apunts Sports Medicine, 55(207), 115-117.
  • Santos, H. O., Tinsley, G. M., da Silva, G. A., & Bueno, A. A. (2020). Pharmaconutrition in the clinical management of covıd-19: a lack of evidence-based research but clues to personalized prescription. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10(4), 1-18.
  • Sedighiyan, M., Abdollahi, H., Karimi, E., Badeli, M., Erfanian, R., Raeesi, S., Haşimi, R., Vahabi, Z., Asanjarani, B., Mansuri, F., & Abdolahi, M. (2021). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with covid-19: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Clin Pract, DOI:10.1111/ijcp.14854.
  • Thibault, R., Seguin, P., Tamion, F., Pichard, C., & Singer, P. (2020). Nutrition of the covıd-19 patient in the intensive care unit (icu): a practical guidance. Crit Care, 24(1), 1-8.
  • Turkish Dietetic Association. Turkish Dietetic Association’s Recommendations on Nutrition and COVID-19. (http:// www.efad.org/media/1956/turkish-dietetic-association-nutrition-recommendations-about-coronaviruscovid-19.pdf)
  • Vignesh, R., Velu, V., & Sureban, S. M. (2021). Could nutraceutical approaches possibly attenuate the cytokine storm in covıd-19 patients?. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 11, 1-6.
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There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Şeyda Kaya 0000-0003-0333-8966

Perim Türker 0000-0002-4254-3711

Publication Date August 29, 2022
Submission Date December 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kaya, Ş., & Türker, P. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 279-290. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1038657
AMA Kaya Ş, Türker P. Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri. JSHS. August 2022;7(2):279-290. doi:10.47115/jshs.1038657
Chicago Kaya, Şeyda, and Perim Türker. “Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin Ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7, no. 2 (August 2022): 279-90. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1038657.
EndNote Kaya Ş, Türker P (August 1, 2022) Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7 2 279–290.
IEEE Ş. Kaya and P. Türker, “Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri”, JSHS, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 279–290, 2022, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1038657.
ISNAD Kaya, Şeyda - Türker, Perim. “Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin Ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7/2 (August 2022), 279-290. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1038657.
JAMA Kaya Ş, Türker P. Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri. JSHS. 2022;7:279–290.
MLA Kaya, Şeyda and Perim Türker. “Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin Ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 2, 2022, pp. 279-90, doi:10.47115/jshs.1038657.
Vancouver Kaya Ş, Türker P. Covid-19 Pandemisinde İmmünonütrientlerin Önemi: Arjinin, Glutamin ve Omega-3 Yağ Asitleri. JSHS. 2022;7(2):279-90.

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