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Continuous and Social Support at Birth

Year 2022, , 617 - 628, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1101425

Abstract

Childbirth are significant moments in the life of woman, families, and societies. During this crucial moment, women need the help and comfort of a supporter. In addition to the medical support of the woman during the birth, it is significant to have a constant supporter (health professionals, family members, spouse, friend doula) during the childbirth. The continuous support of the woman during childbirth reduces the fear of childbirth, shortens the duration of labor, decreases the interventions in delivery, and increases the woman's birth satisfaction. For this reason, every woman needs to receive uninterrupted support during childbirth. Women need to receive continuous support throughout the entire birth process in terms of increasing the satisfaction of the woman and the quality of the care provided.

References

  • ACOG, (2019a). Approaches to Limit İntervention During Labor and Birth. Committee Opinion 766, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(2): 164-173.
  • ACOG, (2019b). Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 1. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 123:693–711.
  • Alexander, A., Mustafa, A., Emil, S.A., Amekah, E., Engmann, C., Adanu, R., Moyer, C.A., (2013). Socıal Support Durıng Delıvery In Rural Central Ghana: A Mıxed Methods Study Of Women’s Preferences For And Agaınst Inclusıon Of A Lay Companıon In The Delıvery Room. Journal of Biosocial Science, 1-17.
  • Aslan, Ş., Okumuş, F., (2017). Primipar Kadınların Doğum Deneyim Algıları Üzerine Doğum Beklentilerinin Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 4(1): 32-40.
  • Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses, (2018). Continuous Labor Support for Every Woman. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47(1):73-4.
  • Atghaee, M., Esmat, N., (2012). The Effect Of Imagination Of The Pain Of Vaginal Delivery And Cesarean Section On The Selection Of Normal Vaginal Delivery In Pregnant Women Attending Clinics In Kerman University Of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal Of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 14(7): 44-50.
  • Attarha, M., Kehavarz, Z., Bakhtiari, M., Jamilian, M., (2016). The Outcome of Midwife-Mother Relationship in Delivery Room: A Qualitative Content Analysis. Health, 8: 336-343.
  • Aune, I., Holsether, O.V., Kristensen, A.T., (2018). Midwifery care based on a precautionary approach Promoting normal births in maternity wards: The thoughts and experiences of midwives. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 16:132-137.
  • Bäckström, C., Wahn, EH., (2011). Support during labour: first-time fathers’ descriptions of requested and received support during the birth of their child. Midwifery, 27:67–73.
  • Bakhta, Y., Lee, R.A., (2010). Survey of Russian women regarding the presence of a companion during labor. Internaitional Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 109:201–3.
  • Bassah, N., Nkengbeza, N.F., Ambe, N.C., Ebob-Anya, B.A., (2020). Postpartum Mothers’ Perspectives of Comfort Measures used by Nurses and Midwives during Labor and Delivery in a Secondary Level Hospital Maternity in Cameroon. Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 3(2): 31-37.
  • Bayrami, R., Valizadeh, L., Zaherei, F., (2011). Nulliparous women experience the pain of normal birth: a qualitative study. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33(3):14
  • Berghella, V., & Di Mascio, D. (2020). Evidence-based labor management: before labor (Part 1). American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 2(1), 100080.
  • Bianchi, A. L., & Adams, E. D. (2004). Doulas, Labor Support, and Nurses. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 19(4).
  • Bohren, M.A., Hofmeyr, G.J., Sakala, C., Fukuzawa, R.K., Cuthbert, A., (2017). Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6;7(7).
  • Davidson, M., London, M., Ladewig, P., (eds.)., (2020). Old’s Maternal-Newborn Nursing Women’s Health Across The Lifespan. 11th ed. USA: Pearson.
  • Dencker, A., Berggvist, L., Berg, M., Greenbrook, J.T., Nilsson, C., Lundgren, I., (2020). Measuring women’s experiences of decision-making and aspects of midwifery support: a confirmatory factor analysis of the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20:199.
  • DONA International. What is a Doula? https://www.dona.org/what-is-a-doula/, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2021.
  • Finnbogad´ ottir, H., Crang Svalenius, E., Persson, E.K., (2003). Expectantfirst-time father’s experiences of pregnancy. Midwifery, 19:96–105.
  • Flagg, J.S., Pillitteri, A., (Eds). (2018). Maternal and Child Health Nursing. 8th ed. Chine: Wolters Kluwer.
  • Gale, J., Fothergill-Bourbonnais, F., & Chamberlain, M. (2001). Measuring nursing support during childbirth. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 26(5), 264-271.
  • Ghonemy, G.E., Abd El Moneim, E.F., Abdelsalam, Z.A., (2017). Effect of Hospital-Based Providers Continuous Support on Progress of Active Phase of Labor. SOJ Nursing & Health Care, 3(1):1-6.
  • Goer, H., & Romano, A. (2012). Optimal care in childbirth: The case for a physiologic approach. Seattle, WA:Classic Day.
  • Green, J., Hotelling, B.A., (2014). Healthy Birth Practice #3: Bring a Loved One, Friend, or Doula for Continuous Support. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 23(4):194–197.
  • Greiner, K.S., Hersh, A.R., Hersh, S.R., Remer, J.M., Gallagher, A.C., Caughey, A.B., Tilden, E.L., (2019). The Cost-Effectiveness of Professional Doula Care for a Woman’s First Two Births: A Decision Analysis Model. Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health, 64:410–420.
  • Gruber, K.J., Cupito, S.H., Dobson, C.F., (2013). Impact of doulas on healthy birth outcomes. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 22(1): 49-58.
  • Hilldingsson, I., Karlström, A., Rubertssonn, C., Larsson, B., (2021). Quality of intrapartum care assessed by women participating in a midwifery model of continuity of care. European Journal of Midwifery, 5(1).
  • Hodnett, E.D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G.J., Sakala, C., (2013). Continuous Support for Women During Childbirth. Cochrane Library Protocoles, 12(7).
  • Hunter, L. P. (2002). Being with woman: A guiding concept for the care of laboring women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 31(6), 650-657.
  • Hunter, L.P., (2009). A descriptive study of “being with woman” during labor and birth. J Midwifery Womens Health 54(2):111–118.
  • Iliadou, M., (2012). Supporting women in labour. Health Sciences Journal, 6(3): 385–391.
  • Indraccolo, U., Calabrese, S., Di Iorio, R., Corosu, L., Marinoni, E., Indraccolo, S.R., (2010). Impact of the medicalization of labor on mode of delivery. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 37(4):273–7.
  • Javadnoori, M., Afshari, P., Montazeri, S., Latifi, S.M., (2008). The effect of continuous labor support by accompanying person during labor process. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 7(56):32-38.
  • Kabakian-Khasholian, T., El-Nemer, A., Bashour, H., (2015). Perceptions about labor companionship at public teaching hospitals in three Arab countries. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, 1(29):223–6.
  • Karaçam, Z., Akyüz, E.Ö., (2011). Doğum Eyleminde Verilen Destekleyici Bakım ve Ebe / Hemşirenin Rolü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florance Nightingale Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19(1): 45-53.
  • Khasholian, T.K., Bashour, H., El-Nemer, A., Kharouf, M., Elsheikh, O., (2018). Implementation of a labour companionship model in three public hospitals in Arab middle-income countries. Acta Paediatrica, 107(471): 35-43.
  • Khodabakhshi-koolaee, A., Koosha, F.R., Mosalanejad, L., (2019). Effect of an Accompanying Midwife on Maternal Resilience and Preferred Route of Delivery in Pregnant Women. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research, 3(4): 7-12.
  • Klaus, M., Kennell, J., Berkowitz, G., Klaus, P., (1992). Maternal assistance and support in labor: Father, nurse, midwife, or doula. Clinical Consultations in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(4):211–217.
  • Klomp, T., Witteveen, A.B., Hutton, A.E., Lagro-Janssen, A.L., (2017). A Qualitative İnterwiev Study into Experiences of Labor Pain Among Women in Midwife-Led Care in Netherlands. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 38(2): 94-102.
  • Kordi, M., Bakhshi, M., Tara, F., (2014). The Effect of Continuous Support during Labor on Labor Progress in Primigravida. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 14: 7-14.
  • Kozhimannil, K.B., Antanasio, L.B., Jou, J., Joarnt, L.K., Johnson, P.J., Gjerdinken, D.K., (2017). Potential benefits of increased access to doula support during childbirth. The American Journal of Managed Care, 20(8): 340–352.
  • Malata, A., Chirwa, E., (2011). Childbirth İnformation Feeds for First Time Malawian Mothers Who Attended Antenatal Clinics. Malawi Medical Journal, 23(2): 43-47.
  • Mamo A., Abebe, L., Bergen, N., Asfaw, S., Bulcha, G., Asefa, Y., Erko, E., Bedru, K.H., Lakew, M., Kurji, J., Kulkami, M.A., Labonte, R., Birhanu, Z., Morankar, S., (2021). Maternal Social Support and Determinants of Health Facility Delivery in Rural Ethiopia. Research Square, 1-26.
  • McGrath, S.K., Kennell, J.H., (2008). A randomized controlled trial of continuous labor support for middle-class couples: effect on cesarean delivery rates. Birth, 35(2):92–7.
  • Mete, S., Uludağ, E., (2017). Doğumda Destekleyici Bakımda Hypnobirting Felsefesinin Kullanılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 10(1): 52-59
  • Mukamurigo, J.U., Marie Berg, M., Ntaganira, J., Nyirazinyoye, L., Dencker, A., (2017). Associations Between Perceptions of Care and Women’s Childbirth Experience: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda. Biomed Central (BMC) Pregnancy and Childbirth 17: 181.
  • Nafaji, T.F., Roudsari, R.L., Ebrahimipour, H., (2017). The best encouraging persons in labor: A content analysis of Iranian mothers' experiences of labor support. PLoS ONE, 12(7).
  • Nikula, P., Laukkala, H., Pölkki, T., (2015). Mother’s perceptions of labor support. American Journal of Maternal and Child Nursing, 40(6): 373–380.
  • Papagni, K., Buckner, E., (2006). Doula Support and Attitudes of Intrapartum Nurses: A Qualitative Study from the Patient's Perspective. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 15(1): 11-18.
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DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK

Year 2022, , 617 - 628, 30.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1101425

Abstract

Doğum kadınların, ailelerin ve toplumların yaşamında önemli olan anlardan biridir. Bu önemli an sırasında kadınlar bir destekçinin yardımına ve rahatlatmasına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Doğumda kadının medikal olarak desteklenmesinin yanı sıra doğumda sürekli bir destekçinin (sağlık profesyonelleri, aile üyeleri, eşi, arkadaş doula) bulunmasının önemi büyüktür. Kadının doğumda sürekli destek alması doğum korkusunun azalmasını, doğum süresinin kısalmasını, doğum eylemine olan müdahalelerin azalmasını, kadının doğum memnuniyetinin artmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle her kadının doğumda kesintisiz destek almasının önemi büyüktür. Kadının tüm doğum süreci boyunca kesintisiz destek alması kadının doğum memnuniyeti ve verilen bakımın kalitesinin artması açısından önemlidir.

References

  • ACOG, (2019a). Approaches to Limit İntervention During Labor and Birth. Committee Opinion 766, Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(2): 164-173.
  • ACOG, (2019b). Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 1. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 123:693–711.
  • Alexander, A., Mustafa, A., Emil, S.A., Amekah, E., Engmann, C., Adanu, R., Moyer, C.A., (2013). Socıal Support Durıng Delıvery In Rural Central Ghana: A Mıxed Methods Study Of Women’s Preferences For And Agaınst Inclusıon Of A Lay Companıon In The Delıvery Room. Journal of Biosocial Science, 1-17.
  • Aslan, Ş., Okumuş, F., (2017). Primipar Kadınların Doğum Deneyim Algıları Üzerine Doğum Beklentilerinin Etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Meslekleri Dergisi, 4(1): 32-40.
  • Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses, (2018). Continuous Labor Support for Every Woman. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 47(1):73-4.
  • Atghaee, M., Esmat, N., (2012). The Effect Of Imagination Of The Pain Of Vaginal Delivery And Cesarean Section On The Selection Of Normal Vaginal Delivery In Pregnant Women Attending Clinics In Kerman University Of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal Of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 14(7): 44-50.
  • Attarha, M., Kehavarz, Z., Bakhtiari, M., Jamilian, M., (2016). The Outcome of Midwife-Mother Relationship in Delivery Room: A Qualitative Content Analysis. Health, 8: 336-343.
  • Aune, I., Holsether, O.V., Kristensen, A.T., (2018). Midwifery care based on a precautionary approach Promoting normal births in maternity wards: The thoughts and experiences of midwives. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 16:132-137.
  • Bäckström, C., Wahn, EH., (2011). Support during labour: first-time fathers’ descriptions of requested and received support during the birth of their child. Midwifery, 27:67–73.
  • Bakhta, Y., Lee, R.A., (2010). Survey of Russian women regarding the presence of a companion during labor. Internaitional Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 109:201–3.
  • Bassah, N., Nkengbeza, N.F., Ambe, N.C., Ebob-Anya, B.A., (2020). Postpartum Mothers’ Perspectives of Comfort Measures used by Nurses and Midwives during Labor and Delivery in a Secondary Level Hospital Maternity in Cameroon. Asian Research Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 3(2): 31-37.
  • Bayrami, R., Valizadeh, L., Zaherei, F., (2011). Nulliparous women experience the pain of normal birth: a qualitative study. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 33(3):14
  • Berghella, V., & Di Mascio, D. (2020). Evidence-based labor management: before labor (Part 1). American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 2(1), 100080.
  • Bianchi, A. L., & Adams, E. D. (2004). Doulas, Labor Support, and Nurses. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 19(4).
  • Bohren, M.A., Hofmeyr, G.J., Sakala, C., Fukuzawa, R.K., Cuthbert, A., (2017). Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6;7(7).
  • Davidson, M., London, M., Ladewig, P., (eds.)., (2020). Old’s Maternal-Newborn Nursing Women’s Health Across The Lifespan. 11th ed. USA: Pearson.
  • Dencker, A., Berggvist, L., Berg, M., Greenbrook, J.T., Nilsson, C., Lundgren, I., (2020). Measuring women’s experiences of decision-making and aspects of midwifery support: a confirmatory factor analysis of the revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20:199.
  • DONA International. What is a Doula? https://www.dona.org/what-is-a-doula/, Erişim Tarihi: 26 Ekim 2021.
  • Finnbogad´ ottir, H., Crang Svalenius, E., Persson, E.K., (2003). Expectantfirst-time father’s experiences of pregnancy. Midwifery, 19:96–105.
  • Flagg, J.S., Pillitteri, A., (Eds). (2018). Maternal and Child Health Nursing. 8th ed. Chine: Wolters Kluwer.
  • Gale, J., Fothergill-Bourbonnais, F., & Chamberlain, M. (2001). Measuring nursing support during childbirth. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 26(5), 264-271.
  • Ghonemy, G.E., Abd El Moneim, E.F., Abdelsalam, Z.A., (2017). Effect of Hospital-Based Providers Continuous Support on Progress of Active Phase of Labor. SOJ Nursing & Health Care, 3(1):1-6.
  • Goer, H., & Romano, A. (2012). Optimal care in childbirth: The case for a physiologic approach. Seattle, WA:Classic Day.
  • Green, J., Hotelling, B.A., (2014). Healthy Birth Practice #3: Bring a Loved One, Friend, or Doula for Continuous Support. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 23(4):194–197.
  • Greiner, K.S., Hersh, A.R., Hersh, S.R., Remer, J.M., Gallagher, A.C., Caughey, A.B., Tilden, E.L., (2019). The Cost-Effectiveness of Professional Doula Care for a Woman’s First Two Births: A Decision Analysis Model. Journal of Midwifery & Womens Health, 64:410–420.
  • Gruber, K.J., Cupito, S.H., Dobson, C.F., (2013). Impact of doulas on healthy birth outcomes. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 22(1): 49-58.
  • Hilldingsson, I., Karlström, A., Rubertssonn, C., Larsson, B., (2021). Quality of intrapartum care assessed by women participating in a midwifery model of continuity of care. European Journal of Midwifery, 5(1).
  • Hodnett, E.D., Gates, S., Hofmeyr, G.J., Sakala, C., (2013). Continuous Support for Women During Childbirth. Cochrane Library Protocoles, 12(7).
  • Hunter, L. P. (2002). Being with woman: A guiding concept for the care of laboring women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 31(6), 650-657.
  • Hunter, L.P., (2009). A descriptive study of “being with woman” during labor and birth. J Midwifery Womens Health 54(2):111–118.
  • Iliadou, M., (2012). Supporting women in labour. Health Sciences Journal, 6(3): 385–391.
  • Indraccolo, U., Calabrese, S., Di Iorio, R., Corosu, L., Marinoni, E., Indraccolo, S.R., (2010). Impact of the medicalization of labor on mode of delivery. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 37(4):273–7.
  • Javadnoori, M., Afshari, P., Montazeri, S., Latifi, S.M., (2008). The effect of continuous labor support by accompanying person during labor process. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal, 7(56):32-38.
  • Kabakian-Khasholian, T., El-Nemer, A., Bashour, H., (2015). Perceptions about labor companionship at public teaching hospitals in three Arab countries. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, 1(29):223–6.
  • Karaçam, Z., Akyüz, E.Ö., (2011). Doğum Eyleminde Verilen Destekleyici Bakım ve Ebe / Hemşirenin Rolü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florance Nightingale Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19(1): 45-53.
  • Khasholian, T.K., Bashour, H., El-Nemer, A., Kharouf, M., Elsheikh, O., (2018). Implementation of a labour companionship model in three public hospitals in Arab middle-income countries. Acta Paediatrica, 107(471): 35-43.
  • Khodabakhshi-koolaee, A., Koosha, F.R., Mosalanejad, L., (2019). Effect of an Accompanying Midwife on Maternal Resilience and Preferred Route of Delivery in Pregnant Women. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research, 3(4): 7-12.
  • Klaus, M., Kennell, J., Berkowitz, G., Klaus, P., (1992). Maternal assistance and support in labor: Father, nurse, midwife, or doula. Clinical Consultations in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(4):211–217.
  • Klomp, T., Witteveen, A.B., Hutton, A.E., Lagro-Janssen, A.L., (2017). A Qualitative İnterwiev Study into Experiences of Labor Pain Among Women in Midwife-Led Care in Netherlands. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 38(2): 94-102.
  • Kordi, M., Bakhshi, M., Tara, F., (2014). The Effect of Continuous Support during Labor on Labor Progress in Primigravida. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 14: 7-14.
  • Kozhimannil, K.B., Antanasio, L.B., Jou, J., Joarnt, L.K., Johnson, P.J., Gjerdinken, D.K., (2017). Potential benefits of increased access to doula support during childbirth. The American Journal of Managed Care, 20(8): 340–352.
  • Malata, A., Chirwa, E., (2011). Childbirth İnformation Feeds for First Time Malawian Mothers Who Attended Antenatal Clinics. Malawi Medical Journal, 23(2): 43-47.
  • Mamo A., Abebe, L., Bergen, N., Asfaw, S., Bulcha, G., Asefa, Y., Erko, E., Bedru, K.H., Lakew, M., Kurji, J., Kulkami, M.A., Labonte, R., Birhanu, Z., Morankar, S., (2021). Maternal Social Support and Determinants of Health Facility Delivery in Rural Ethiopia. Research Square, 1-26.
  • McGrath, S.K., Kennell, J.H., (2008). A randomized controlled trial of continuous labor support for middle-class couples: effect on cesarean delivery rates. Birth, 35(2):92–7.
  • Mete, S., Uludağ, E., (2017). Doğumda Destekleyici Bakımda Hypnobirting Felsefesinin Kullanılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 10(1): 52-59
  • Mukamurigo, J.U., Marie Berg, M., Ntaganira, J., Nyirazinyoye, L., Dencker, A., (2017). Associations Between Perceptions of Care and Women’s Childbirth Experience: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Rwanda. Biomed Central (BMC) Pregnancy and Childbirth 17: 181.
  • Nafaji, T.F., Roudsari, R.L., Ebrahimipour, H., (2017). The best encouraging persons in labor: A content analysis of Iranian mothers' experiences of labor support. PLoS ONE, 12(7).
  • Nikula, P., Laukkala, H., Pölkki, T., (2015). Mother’s perceptions of labor support. American Journal of Maternal and Child Nursing, 40(6): 373–380.
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There are 68 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Emine Kınık 0000-0002-5701-4046

Handan Özcan 0000-0002-7131-1856

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Submission Date April 12, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Kınık, E., & Özcan, H. (2022). DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(3), 617-628. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1101425
AMA Kınık E, Özcan H. DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK. JSHS. December 2022;7(3):617-628. doi:10.47115/jshs.1101425
Chicago Kınık, Emine, and Handan Özcan. “DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7, no. 3 (December 2022): 617-28. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1101425.
EndNote Kınık E, Özcan H (December 1, 2022) DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7 3 617–628.
IEEE E. Kınık and H. Özcan, “DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK”, JSHS, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 617–628, 2022, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1101425.
ISNAD Kınık, Emine - Özcan, Handan. “DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 7/3 (December 2022), 617-628. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1101425.
JAMA Kınık E, Özcan H. DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK. JSHS. 2022;7:617–628.
MLA Kınık, Emine and Handan Özcan. “DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 7, no. 3, 2022, pp. 617-28, doi:10.47115/jshs.1101425.
Vancouver Kınık E, Özcan H. DOĞUMDA KESİNTİSİZ VE SOSYAL DESTEK. JSHS. 2022;7(3):617-28.

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