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APPLICATIONS OF NURSES AND MIDWIVES FOR TEACHING PELVIC MUSCLE EXERCISE TO WOMEN

Year 2023, , 157 - 170, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1134942

Abstract

Aim: The study aims to determine whether midwives and nurses working in
obstetrics clinics teach and practice Pelvic Muscle Exercise (PME) as an intervention
according to Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC).
Method: The research was conducted as descriptive. The universe of the study
consisted of 73 nurses and midwives working in the obstetrics clinics of a state and
university hospitals in a province in the Black Sea region. Sample selection was not
made in the study, the entire universe was included in the study.. Personal Information
Form and NIC’s Pelvic Muscle Exercise Activities Form were used to collect
research data. In the study, the data were expressed as numbers and percentages.
Results: According to NIC’s PME Activities Form, the rate of nurses and midwives
applying PME interventions to women varies between 4.1 and 72.6%. In the
form, “I inform the individual about determining the state of being able to notice
the discharge pressure.” intervention was the highest (80.8%) and “I inform women
that by placing a finger in the vagina and squeezing it, they can notice the Levator
ani and urogenital muscles.” has the lowest application rate (27.4%) stated.
Conclusions and Suggestions: As an important result of the study, the rate of
nurses and midwives applying the intervention steps of PME to women is quite
low, except for two items. The implementation of PME initiatives according to the
NIC will contribute to the achievement of international practice standards and
the creation of a common language in this field. At the same time, the use of these
initiatives will help improve women’s health and improve women’s quality of life.

References

  • Antônio, FI, Herbert, RD, Bø, K, Rosa-e, ACJS, Lara, LAS, de Menezes Franco, M, Ferreira, CHJ. (2018). Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in post-menopausal women who are not using hormone therapy than in women who are using hormone therapy: a randomised trial. Journal of physiot¬herapy, 64(3), 166-171.
  • Berzuk, K., & Shay, B. (2015). Effect of increasing awareness of pelvic floor muscle function on pelvic floor dysfun¬ction: a randomized controlled trial. International urogynecology journal, 26(6), 837-844.
  • Barber, M. D. (2016). Pelvic organ prolapse. Bmj, 354, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3853.
  • Brown, H. W., Hegde, A., Huebner, M., Neels, H., Barnes, H. C., Marquini, G. V., ... & Hayward, L. (2022). International urogynecology consultation chapter 1 committee 2: Epidemiology of pelvic organ prolapse: prevalence, inci¬dence, natural history, and service needs. International Urogynecology Journal, 33(2), 173-187.
  • Butcher, H. K., Bulechek, G. M., Dochterman, J. M. M., & Wagner, C. (2013). Nursing interventions classification (NIC). Elsevier Health Sciences
  • Cacciari LP, Dumoulin C, Hay-Smith EJ. (2019). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive cont¬rol treatments, for urinary incontinence in women: a cochrane systematic review abridged republication, 23(2):93-107.
  • Chen, Z., Wang, X., Jin, Y., & Feng, S. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practice of pelvic floor dysfunction among obstetrical healthcare workers in China: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Hu¬man Reproduction, 50(8), 102068.
  • Daly, D., Cusack, C., & Begley, C. (2019). Learning about pelvic floor muscle exercises before and during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. International Urogynecology Journal, 30(6), 965-975.
  • Davenport, MH, Nagpal, TS, Mottola, MF, Skow, RJ, Riske, L, Poitras, VJ, Sobierajski, F. (2018). Prenatal exercise (including but not limited to pelvic floor muscle training) and urinary incontinence during and following pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 52(21), 1397-1404.
  • Dumoulin, C., Pazzoto Cacciari, L., & Mercier, J. (2019). Keeping the pelvic floor healthy. Climacteric, 22(3), 257-262.
  • Fernandes, A. C. N. L., Palacios-Ceña, D., Hay-Smith, J., Pena, C. C., Sidou, M. F., de Alencar, A. L., & Ferreira, C. H. J. (2021). Women report sustained benefits from attending group-based education about pelvic floor muscles: A longitudinal qualitative study. Journal of Physiotherapy, 67(3), 210-216.
  • Ferla, L, Paiva, LL, Darki, C, Vieira, A. (2015). Comparison of the functionality of pelvic floor muscles in women who pra¬ctice the Pilates method and sedentary women: a pilot study. International urogynecology journal, 27(1), 123-128.
  • Fitz, FF, Costa, TF, Yamamoto, DM, Resende, APM., Stüpp, L, Sartori, MGF, Castro, RA. (2012). Impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition), 58(2), 155-159.
  • Freitas, LM, Bø, K, Fernandes, ACNL, Uechi, N, Duarte, TB, Ferreira, CHJ. (2018). Pelvic floor muscle knowledge and relationship with muscle strength in Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study. International urogynecology journal, 1-7.
  • Grimes WR, Stratton M. (2022). Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. PMID: 32644672.
  • İbiş, B. K., Dönmez, E. M., & Güneri, S. E. (2022). Kontinansın Korunmasında Pelvik Taban Egzersizleri. Irwin, DE, Kopp, ZS, Agatep, B, Milsom, I, Abrams, P. (2011). Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. BJU international, 108(7), 1132-1138.
  • Johnson, VY. (2001). How the principles of exercise physiology influence pelvic floor muscle training. Journal of WOCN, 28(3), 150-155.
  • Johnston SL. (2018). Pelvic floor dysfunction in midlife women. Climacteric, DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1568402.
  • Jones, C, ve Hawkes, R. (2015). Managing pregnancy-related pelvic floor dysfunction. Primary Health Care, 25(1).
  • Joshi A. ve Gopalkrishnan S. (2015). Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Exercises on Stress Incontinence among Rural Perimenopausal Women. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 6(1),315-319.
  • Kao, HT, Hayter, M, Hinchliff, S, Tsai, CH, Hsu, MT. (2015). Experience of pelvic floor muscle exercises among wo¬men in Taiwan: a qualitative study of improvement in urinary incontinence and sexuality. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(13-14), 1985-1994.
  • Kocaöz, S, Eroğlu, K, Sivaslıoğlu, AA. (2013). Role of pelvic floor muscle exercises in the prevention of stress uri¬nary incontinence during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 75(1), 34-40.
  • Lemos, AQ, Brasil, CA, Valverde, D, dos Santos Ferreira, J, Lordêlo, P, Sá, KN. (2018). The pilates method in the function of pelvic floor muscles: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 23(2), 270-277.
  • Luo, R, Dai, W, Tay, LH, Ng, FC, Koh, LT. (2017). Urinary incontinence in female oLouis-Charles, K., Biggie, K., Wolfin¬barger, A., Wilcox, B., & Kienstra, C. M. (2019). Pelvic floor dysfunction in the female athlete. Current sports medicine reports, 18(2), 49-52.utpatients in Singapore. International urogynecology journal, 1-6.
  • Matthew DB. (2016). Pelvic organ prolapse. BMJ 2016;354:i3853 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i3853
  • Messelink, B, Benson, T, Berghmans, B, Bø, K, Corcos, J, Fowler, C, Pemberton, J. (2005). Standardization of termino¬logy of pelvic floor muscle function and dysfunction: report from the pelvic floor clinical assessment group of the International Continence Society. Neurourology and Urodynamics: Official Journal of the International Continence Society, 24(4), 374-380.
  • Milsom, I, ve Gyhagen, M. (2018). The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Climacteric, 22(3), 217-222.
  • Milsom, I., & Gyhagen, M. (2019). Breaking news in the prediction of pelvic floor disorders. Best practice & resear¬ch Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 54, 41-48.
  • Moen, M, Noone, M, Vassallo, B, Lopata, R, Nash, M, Sum, B, Schy, S. (2007). Knowledge and performance of pelvic muscle exercises in women. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 13(3), 113-117.
  • Muhammad, J, Muhamad, R, Husain, NRN, Daud, N. (2019). Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Education and Factors Associated with Implementation among Antenatal Women in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Korean journal of family medicine, 40(1), 45.
  • NICE 2015. Urinary incontinence in women, nice.org.uk/guidance/qs77.
  • Okeahialam, N. A., Oldfield, M., Stewart, E., Bonfield, C., & Carboni, C. (2022). Pelvic floor muscle training: a practical guide. bmj, 378.
  • Price, N, Dawood, R, Jackson, SR. (2010). Pelvic floor exercise for urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Maturitas, 67(4), 309-315.
  • Salmon, VE, Hay-Smith, EJC, Jarvie, R, Dean, S, Oborn, E, Bayliss, SE, Pearson, M. (2017). Opportunities, challenges and concerns for the implementation and uptake of pelvic floor muscle assessment and exercises during the childbearing years: protocol for a critical interpretive synthesis. Systematic reviews, 6(1), 18.
  • Slade, SC, Hay‐Smith, J, Mastwyk, S, Morris, ME, Frawley, H. (2018). Strategies to assist uptake of pelvic floor muscle training for people with urinary incontinence: a clinician viewpoint. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 37(8), 2658-2668.
  • Terry, R., Jarvie, R., Hay-Smith, J., Salmon, V., Pearson, M., Boddy, K., ... & Dean, S. (2020). “Are you doing your pelvic floor?” An ethnographic exploration of the interaction between women and midwives about pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) during pregnancy. Midwifery, 83, 102647.
  • Teunissen, DT, Stegeman, MM, Bor, HH, Lagro-Janssen, TA. (2015). Treatment by a nurse practitioner in primary care improves the severity and impact of urinary incontinence in women. An observational study. BMC urology, 15(1), 51.
  • Verbeek, M., & Hayward, L. (2019). Pelvic floor dysfunction and its effect on quality of sexual life. Sexual medicine reviews, 7(4), 559-564.
  • Wang, X, Li, GY, Deng, ML. (2014). Pelvic floor muscle training as a persistent nursing intervention: Effect on deli¬very outcome and pelvic floor myodynamia. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1(1), 48-52.
  • Woodley, S. J., & Hay-Smith, E. J. C. (2021). Narrative review of pelvic floor muscle training for childbearing women why, when, what, and how. International Urogynecology Journal, 32(7), 1977-1988.

Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları

Year 2023, , 157 - 170, 29.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1134942

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışma, kadın doğum kliniklerinde çalışmakta olan ebe ve hemşirelerin
Pelvik Kas Egzersizi (PKE)’ni bir girişim olarak Hemşirelik Girişimleri Sınıflaması
(Nursing Intervention Classification-NIC)’na göre öğretme ve uygulatma
durumunu belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini, Karadeniz
bölgesinde yer alan bir ilin devlet ve üniversite hastanelerinin kadın doğum
kliniklerinde çalışmakta olan 73 hemşire ve ebe oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada örneklem
seçimine gidilmemiş, evrenin tamamı çalışmaya alınmıştır. Araştırmada veriler
Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve NIC’in Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Aktiviteleri Formu kullanılarak
toplanmıştır. Araştırmada veriler sayı ve yüzde olarak ifade edilmiştir.
Bulgular: NIC’in PKE Aktiviteleri Formuna göre hemşire ve ebelerin kadınlara
PKE girişimlerini uygulanma oranları %4.1-72.6 arasında değişmektedir. Formda
yer alan “Boşaltım baskısını fark edebilme durumunu belirleme hakkında bireyi
bilgilendiririm.” girişimi belirtilen en yüksek (%80.8) ve “Kadınları, bir parmaklarını
vajinaya koyarak ve sıkarak, Levator ani ve ürogenital kaslarını fark edebilecekleri
konusunda bilgilendiririm.” ise belirtilen en düşük (%27.4) uygulanma
oranına sahiptir.
Sonuçlar ve Öneriler: Araştırmanın önemli bir sonucu olarak hemşire ve ebelerin
PKE’nin girişim basamaklarını kadınlara uygulama oranları iki madde dışında
oldukça düşüktür. PKE girişimlerinin NIC’e göre uygulanması, uluslararası
uygulama standartlarına ulaşılmasına ve bu alanda ortak bir dil oluşturulmasına
katkı sağlayacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu girişimlerin kullanılması kadın sağlığının
geliştirilmesine ve kadınların yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasına yardımcı olacaktır.

References

  • Antônio, FI, Herbert, RD, Bø, K, Rosa-e, ACJS, Lara, LAS, de Menezes Franco, M, Ferreira, CHJ. (2018). Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in post-menopausal women who are not using hormone therapy than in women who are using hormone therapy: a randomised trial. Journal of physiot¬herapy, 64(3), 166-171.
  • Berzuk, K., & Shay, B. (2015). Effect of increasing awareness of pelvic floor muscle function on pelvic floor dysfun¬ction: a randomized controlled trial. International urogynecology journal, 26(6), 837-844.
  • Barber, M. D. (2016). Pelvic organ prolapse. Bmj, 354, doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3853.
  • Brown, H. W., Hegde, A., Huebner, M., Neels, H., Barnes, H. C., Marquini, G. V., ... & Hayward, L. (2022). International urogynecology consultation chapter 1 committee 2: Epidemiology of pelvic organ prolapse: prevalence, inci¬dence, natural history, and service needs. International Urogynecology Journal, 33(2), 173-187.
  • Butcher, H. K., Bulechek, G. M., Dochterman, J. M. M., & Wagner, C. (2013). Nursing interventions classification (NIC). Elsevier Health Sciences
  • Cacciari LP, Dumoulin C, Hay-Smith EJ. (2019). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive cont¬rol treatments, for urinary incontinence in women: a cochrane systematic review abridged republication, 23(2):93-107.
  • Chen, Z., Wang, X., Jin, Y., & Feng, S. (2021). Knowledge, attitude and practice of pelvic floor dysfunction among obstetrical healthcare workers in China: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Hu¬man Reproduction, 50(8), 102068.
  • Daly, D., Cusack, C., & Begley, C. (2019). Learning about pelvic floor muscle exercises before and during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. International Urogynecology Journal, 30(6), 965-975.
  • Davenport, MH, Nagpal, TS, Mottola, MF, Skow, RJ, Riske, L, Poitras, VJ, Sobierajski, F. (2018). Prenatal exercise (including but not limited to pelvic floor muscle training) and urinary incontinence during and following pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med, 52(21), 1397-1404.
  • Dumoulin, C., Pazzoto Cacciari, L., & Mercier, J. (2019). Keeping the pelvic floor healthy. Climacteric, 22(3), 257-262.
  • Fernandes, A. C. N. L., Palacios-Ceña, D., Hay-Smith, J., Pena, C. C., Sidou, M. F., de Alencar, A. L., & Ferreira, C. H. J. (2021). Women report sustained benefits from attending group-based education about pelvic floor muscles: A longitudinal qualitative study. Journal of Physiotherapy, 67(3), 210-216.
  • Ferla, L, Paiva, LL, Darki, C, Vieira, A. (2015). Comparison of the functionality of pelvic floor muscles in women who pra¬ctice the Pilates method and sedentary women: a pilot study. International urogynecology journal, 27(1), 123-128.
  • Fitz, FF, Costa, TF, Yamamoto, DM, Resende, APM., Stüpp, L, Sartori, MGF, Castro, RA. (2012). Impact of pelvic floor muscle training on the quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition), 58(2), 155-159.
  • Freitas, LM, Bø, K, Fernandes, ACNL, Uechi, N, Duarte, TB, Ferreira, CHJ. (2018). Pelvic floor muscle knowledge and relationship with muscle strength in Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study. International urogynecology journal, 1-7.
  • Grimes WR, Stratton M. (2022). Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. PMID: 32644672.
  • İbiş, B. K., Dönmez, E. M., & Güneri, S. E. (2022). Kontinansın Korunmasında Pelvik Taban Egzersizleri. Irwin, DE, Kopp, ZS, Agatep, B, Milsom, I, Abrams, P. (2011). Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. BJU international, 108(7), 1132-1138.
  • Johnson, VY. (2001). How the principles of exercise physiology influence pelvic floor muscle training. Journal of WOCN, 28(3), 150-155.
  • Johnston SL. (2018). Pelvic floor dysfunction in midlife women. Climacteric, DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1568402.
  • Jones, C, ve Hawkes, R. (2015). Managing pregnancy-related pelvic floor dysfunction. Primary Health Care, 25(1).
  • Joshi A. ve Gopalkrishnan S. (2015). Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Exercises on Stress Incontinence among Rural Perimenopausal Women. International Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 6(1),315-319.
  • Kao, HT, Hayter, M, Hinchliff, S, Tsai, CH, Hsu, MT. (2015). Experience of pelvic floor muscle exercises among wo¬men in Taiwan: a qualitative study of improvement in urinary incontinence and sexuality. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(13-14), 1985-1994.
  • Kocaöz, S, Eroğlu, K, Sivaslıoğlu, AA. (2013). Role of pelvic floor muscle exercises in the prevention of stress uri¬nary incontinence during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 75(1), 34-40.
  • Lemos, AQ, Brasil, CA, Valverde, D, dos Santos Ferreira, J, Lordêlo, P, Sá, KN. (2018). The pilates method in the function of pelvic floor muscles: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 23(2), 270-277.
  • Luo, R, Dai, W, Tay, LH, Ng, FC, Koh, LT. (2017). Urinary incontinence in female oLouis-Charles, K., Biggie, K., Wolfin¬barger, A., Wilcox, B., & Kienstra, C. M. (2019). Pelvic floor dysfunction in the female athlete. Current sports medicine reports, 18(2), 49-52.utpatients in Singapore. International urogynecology journal, 1-6.
  • Matthew DB. (2016). Pelvic organ prolapse. BMJ 2016;354:i3853 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i3853
  • Messelink, B, Benson, T, Berghmans, B, Bø, K, Corcos, J, Fowler, C, Pemberton, J. (2005). Standardization of termino¬logy of pelvic floor muscle function and dysfunction: report from the pelvic floor clinical assessment group of the International Continence Society. Neurourology and Urodynamics: Official Journal of the International Continence Society, 24(4), 374-380.
  • Milsom, I, ve Gyhagen, M. (2018). The prevalence of urinary incontinence. Climacteric, 22(3), 217-222.
  • Milsom, I., & Gyhagen, M. (2019). Breaking news in the prediction of pelvic floor disorders. Best practice & resear¬ch Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 54, 41-48.
  • Moen, M, Noone, M, Vassallo, B, Lopata, R, Nash, M, Sum, B, Schy, S. (2007). Knowledge and performance of pelvic muscle exercises in women. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 13(3), 113-117.
  • Muhammad, J, Muhamad, R, Husain, NRN, Daud, N. (2019). Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Education and Factors Associated with Implementation among Antenatal Women in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Korean journal of family medicine, 40(1), 45.
  • NICE 2015. Urinary incontinence in women, nice.org.uk/guidance/qs77.
  • Okeahialam, N. A., Oldfield, M., Stewart, E., Bonfield, C., & Carboni, C. (2022). Pelvic floor muscle training: a practical guide. bmj, 378.
  • Price, N, Dawood, R, Jackson, SR. (2010). Pelvic floor exercise for urinary incontinence: a systematic literature review. Maturitas, 67(4), 309-315.
  • Salmon, VE, Hay-Smith, EJC, Jarvie, R, Dean, S, Oborn, E, Bayliss, SE, Pearson, M. (2017). Opportunities, challenges and concerns for the implementation and uptake of pelvic floor muscle assessment and exercises during the childbearing years: protocol for a critical interpretive synthesis. Systematic reviews, 6(1), 18.
  • Slade, SC, Hay‐Smith, J, Mastwyk, S, Morris, ME, Frawley, H. (2018). Strategies to assist uptake of pelvic floor muscle training for people with urinary incontinence: a clinician viewpoint. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 37(8), 2658-2668.
  • Terry, R., Jarvie, R., Hay-Smith, J., Salmon, V., Pearson, M., Boddy, K., ... & Dean, S. (2020). “Are you doing your pelvic floor?” An ethnographic exploration of the interaction between women and midwives about pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) during pregnancy. Midwifery, 83, 102647.
  • Teunissen, DT, Stegeman, MM, Bor, HH, Lagro-Janssen, TA. (2015). Treatment by a nurse practitioner in primary care improves the severity and impact of urinary incontinence in women. An observational study. BMC urology, 15(1), 51.
  • Verbeek, M., & Hayward, L. (2019). Pelvic floor dysfunction and its effect on quality of sexual life. Sexual medicine reviews, 7(4), 559-564.
  • Wang, X, Li, GY, Deng, ML. (2014). Pelvic floor muscle training as a persistent nursing intervention: Effect on deli¬very outcome and pelvic floor myodynamia. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1(1), 48-52.
  • Woodley, S. J., & Hay-Smith, E. J. C. (2021). Narrative review of pelvic floor muscle training for childbearing women why, when, what, and how. International Urogynecology Journal, 32(7), 1977-1988.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Cansu Karadeniz Benli 0000-0002-9944-2233

Nedime Gül Doğan Özdemir 0000-0001-5617-6900

Özen Kulakaç 0000-0002-3698-5126

Early Pub Date April 29, 2023
Publication Date April 29, 2023
Submission Date July 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Karadeniz Benli, C., Doğan Özdemir, N. G., & Kulakaç, Ö. (2023). Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1134942
AMA Karadeniz Benli C, Doğan Özdemir NG, Kulakaç Ö. Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları. JSHS. April 2023;8(1):157-170. doi:10.47115/jshs.1134942
Chicago Karadeniz Benli, Cansu, Nedime Gül Doğan Özdemir, and Özen Kulakaç. “Hemşire Ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 1 (April 2023): 157-70. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1134942.
EndNote Karadeniz Benli C, Doğan Özdemir NG, Kulakaç Ö (April 1, 2023) Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 157–170.
IEEE C. Karadeniz Benli, N. G. Doğan Özdemir, and Ö. Kulakaç, “Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları”, JSHS, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 157–170, 2023, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1134942.
ISNAD Karadeniz Benli, Cansu et al. “Hemşire Ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (April 2023), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1134942.
JAMA Karadeniz Benli C, Doğan Özdemir NG, Kulakaç Ö. Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları. JSHS. 2023;8:157–170.
MLA Karadeniz Benli, Cansu et al. “Hemşire Ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2023, pp. 157-70, doi:10.47115/jshs.1134942.
Vancouver Karadeniz Benli C, Doğan Özdemir NG, Kulakaç Ö. Hemşire ve Ebelerin Kadınlara Pelvik Kas Egzersizi Öğretimine Yönelik Uygulamaları. JSHS. 2023;8(1):157-70.

Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansına sahiptir.