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Mental Health Problems and Perception of Social Support in Pregnant Women in the Covid-19 Process

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1 - IV. HEMŞİRELİĞİ GÜÇLENDİRME SEMPOZYUMU ÖZEL SAYI, 1 - 9, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.951659

Abstract

Pregnancy is a life event often associated with positive emotions. However, this process can be experienced as a stressful life event because it involves physical, psychological and social changes that some women cannot easily adapt to. Exposure of pregnant women to situations such as medical complications, natural disasters and disease outbreaks during pregnancy, which is a period when mental problems increase, can increase mental health problems. Since December 2019, there has been a devastating global health crisis with the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The increasing morbidity and mortality rates associated with this viral infection and the social and physical measures taken to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have brought serious disruptions to people's social connections and normal routines of daily life. These social support interruptions during pregnancy, which is one of the vital crisis periods, play a role in increasing the stress factor of the individual. Social support acts as a protective factor against negative mental health challenges resulting from epidemics and natural disasters. There is also evidence that social support moderates the impact of cognitive appraisal, attitude, and perceived stress on well-being. On the one hand, the responsibility of pregnancy and the mental adaptation of the woman to these roles, on the other hand, the insufficient data on the effects of COVID-19 on the fetus and question marks such as how the birth will take place can cause anxiety and mental disorders in pregnant women. It has been reported that social support mechanisms are important in anxiety and mental health problems experienced by pregnant women and that pregnant women need nurse/midwife follow-up. In this review, mental health problems encountered during pregnancy during the COVID-19 epidemic, the importance of social support and nursing approach will be discussed.

References

  • ACOG. Outpatient assessment and management for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19). (2020). Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2021, Erişim Adresi:https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/files/pdfs/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/covid-19 algorithm.pdf.
  • Allotey, J., Stallings, E., & Bonet, M., (2020). Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ , 370:m3320.
  • Aydın, R., Kızılkaya, T., Aytaç, S. H., & Taşlar, N. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinde; Gebelik, Doğum ve Doğum Sonu Dönemde Kadınların Sosyal Destek Gereksinimi ve Ebelik Yaklaşımları. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
  • Brik, M., Sandonis, M. A., Fernández, S., Suy, A., Parramon‐Puig, G., Maiz, N., ... & Carreras, E. (2021). Psychological impact and social support in pregnant women during lockdown due to SARS‐CoV2 pandemic: A cohort study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.
  • D'Antonio, F., Sen, C., Di Mascio, D., Galindo, A., Villalain, C., Herraiz, I., ... & the behalf of the World, O. (2021). Maternal and perinatal outcomes in high compared to low risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (phase 2): the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 3(4), 100329.
  • Dashraath, P., Wong, J.L.J., & Lim, M.X.K., (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 222,521-31. Di Mascio, D., Sen, C., & Saccone, G., (2020). Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19. J Perinat Med, 48, 950–8.
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N., (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res., 112954
  • Huntley, BJF., Huntley, ES., & Di Mascio, D., (2020). Rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and vertical transmission in pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2020;136:303-12
  • Khan, S., Peng, L., Siddique, R., Nabi, G., Xue, M., Liu, J., & Han, G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 41(6), 748–750.
  • Khoury, J. E., Atkinson, L., Bennett, T., Jack, S. M., & Gonzalez, A. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health during pregnancy: The importance of cognitive appraisal and social support. Journal of affective disorders, 282, 1161-1169.
  • Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., & Di Nicola, M. (2020). Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain Behav. Immunity.
  • Nnadozıe, J. C., & Nweke, G. E. (2017). Self esteem, socıal support and postpartum depressıon. Journal Of International Social Research, 10(51), 552-56. RCOG. Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy. 2020.
  • Rees, S., Channon, S., & Waters, C.S., 2019. The impact of maternal prenatal and postnatal anxiety on children’s emotional problems: a systematic review. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 28, 257–280.
  • Şimşek, H. N., Demirci, H., & Bolsoy, N. (2018). Sosyal destek sistemleri ve ebelik. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 97-103. WAPM (World Association of Perinatal Medicine) Working Group on COVID-19 (2020). Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 infection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 57, 232–41. 6.
  • Wei, S. Q., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Liu, S., & Auger, N. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ, 193(16), E540-E548.
  • WHO. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (2020). Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen.
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J.M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Journal of American Medical Assosication, 323(13), 1239-1242.

COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1 - IV. HEMŞİRELİĞİ GÜÇLENDİRME SEMPOZYUMU ÖZEL SAYI, 1 - 9, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.951659

Abstract

Gebelik genellikle olumlu duygularla ilişkilendirilen bir yaşam olayıdır. Ancak, bu süreç bazı kadınların kolayca adapte olamadığı fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal değişiklikleri içermesi nedeniyle stresli bir yaşam olayı olarak deneyimlenebilmektedir. Ruhsal sorunların arttığı bir dönem olan gebelik sırasında gebelerin tıbbi komplikasyonlar, doğal afetler ve hastalık salgınları gibi durumlara maruz kalmaları ruh sağlığı sorunlarını artırabilmektedir. Aralık 2019'dan bu yana yeni koronavirüs hastalığının (COVID-19) ortaya çıkması ile yıkıcı bir küresel sağlık krizi yaşanmaktadır. Bu viral enfeksiyonla ilişkili artan morbidite ve mortalite oranlarını ve COVID-19'un yayılmasını önlemek için alınan sosyal ve fiziksel önlemler, kişilerin sosyal bağlantılarına ve günlük hayatın normal rutinlerine ciddi kesintiler getirmiştir. Yaşamsal kriz dönemlerinden biri olan gebelik sürecinde görülen bu sosyal destek kesintileri, bireyin stres faktörünün artmasında rol oynamaktadır. Sosyal destek salgın hastalıklar ve doğal afetlerden kaynaklanan olumsuz ruh sağlığı zorluklarına karşı koruyucu bir faktör olarak hareket etmektedir. Sosyal desteğin bilişsel değerlendirme, tutum ve algılanan stresin refah üzerindeki etkisini hafiflettiğine dair kanıtlar da vardır. Bir taraftan gebeliğin verdiği sorumluluk ve kadının bu rollere ilişkin ruhsal uyumu, diğer taraftan da COVID-19’un fetüs üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin verilerin yetersiz olması, doğumun nasıl gerçekleşeceği gibi soru işaretleri gebelerde kaygı ve ruhsal bozukluklara yol açabilmektedir. Gebelerin yaşadığı kaygı ve ruh sağlığı sorunlarında sosyal destek mekanizmalarının önem arz ettiği ve gebelerin hemşire/ebe takibine ihtiyaç duyduğu bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde gebelikte karşılaşılan ruh sağlığı sorunları, buna yönelik sosyal desteğin önemi ve hemşirelik yaklaşımı ele alınacaktır.

References

  • ACOG. Outpatient assessment and management for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19). (2020). Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2021, Erişim Adresi:https://www.acog.org/-/media/project/acog/acogorg/files/pdfs/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/covid-19 algorithm.pdf.
  • Allotey, J., Stallings, E., & Bonet, M., (2020). Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ , 370:m3320.
  • Aydın, R., Kızılkaya, T., Aytaç, S. H., & Taşlar, N. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinde; Gebelik, Doğum ve Doğum Sonu Dönemde Kadınların Sosyal Destek Gereksinimi ve Ebelik Yaklaşımları. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).
  • Brik, M., Sandonis, M. A., Fernández, S., Suy, A., Parramon‐Puig, G., Maiz, N., ... & Carreras, E. (2021). Psychological impact and social support in pregnant women during lockdown due to SARS‐CoV2 pandemic: A cohort study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.
  • D'Antonio, F., Sen, C., Di Mascio, D., Galindo, A., Villalain, C., Herraiz, I., ... & the behalf of the World, O. (2021). Maternal and perinatal outcomes in high compared to low risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (phase 2): the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, 3(4), 100329.
  • Dashraath, P., Wong, J.L.J., & Lim, M.X.K., (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 222,521-31. Di Mascio, D., Sen, C., & Saccone, G., (2020). Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19. J Perinat Med, 48, 950–8.
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N., (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res., 112954
  • Huntley, BJF., Huntley, ES., & Di Mascio, D., (2020). Rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and vertical transmission in pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol 2020;136:303-12
  • Khan, S., Peng, L., Siddique, R., Nabi, G., Xue, M., Liu, J., & Han, G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 infection on pregnancy outcomes and the risk of maternal-to-neonatal intrapartum transmission of COVID-19 during natural birth. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 41(6), 748–750.
  • Khoury, J. E., Atkinson, L., Bennett, T., Jack, S. M., & Gonzalez, A. (2021). COVID-19 and mental health during pregnancy: The importance of cognitive appraisal and social support. Journal of affective disorders, 282, 1161-1169.
  • Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., & Di Nicola, M. (2020). Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain Behav. Immunity.
  • Nnadozıe, J. C., & Nweke, G. E. (2017). Self esteem, socıal support and postpartum depressıon. Journal Of International Social Research, 10(51), 552-56. RCOG. Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy. 2020.
  • Rees, S., Channon, S., & Waters, C.S., 2019. The impact of maternal prenatal and postnatal anxiety on children’s emotional problems: a systematic review. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 28, 257–280.
  • Şimşek, H. N., Demirci, H., & Bolsoy, N. (2018). Sosyal destek sistemleri ve ebelik. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 97-103. WAPM (World Association of Perinatal Medicine) Working Group on COVID-19 (2020). Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-COV-2 infection. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 57, 232–41. 6.
  • Wei, S. Q., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Liu, S., & Auger, N. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ, 193(16), E540-E548.
  • WHO. Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). (2020). Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2021, Erişim Adresi: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen.
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J.M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Journal of American Medical Assosication, 323(13), 1239-1242.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Mevlüde Alpaslan Arar 0000-0002-8586-2800

Fatma Yıldırım 0000-0002-1996-4278

Ebru Şahin 0000-0001-7798-0690

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Submission Date June 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 - IV. HEMŞİRELİĞİ GÜÇLENDİRME SEMPOZYUMU ÖZEL SAYI

Cite

APA Alpaslan Arar, M., Yıldırım, F., & Şahin, E. (2021). COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.951659
AMA Alpaslan Arar M, Yıldırım F, Şahin E. COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI. JSHS. December 2021;6(1):1-9. doi:10.47115/jshs.951659
Chicago Alpaslan Arar, Mevlüde, Fatma Yıldırım, and Ebru Şahin. “COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6, no. 1 (December 2021): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.951659.
EndNote Alpaslan Arar M, Yıldırım F, Şahin E (December 1, 2021) COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6 1 1–9.
IEEE M. Alpaslan Arar, F. Yıldırım, and E. Şahin, “COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI”, JSHS, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2021, doi: 10.47115/jshs.951659.
ISNAD Alpaslan Arar, Mevlüde et al. “COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 6/1 (December 2021), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.951659.
JAMA Alpaslan Arar M, Yıldırım F, Şahin E. COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI. JSHS. 2021;6:1–9.
MLA Alpaslan Arar, Mevlüde et al. “COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1-9, doi:10.47115/jshs.951659.
Vancouver Alpaslan Arar M, Yıldırım F, Şahin E. COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE GEBELERDE GÖRÜLEN RUH SAĞLIĞI SORUNLARI VE SOSYAL DESTEK ALGISI. JSHS. 2021;6(1):1-9.

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