THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF BORIC ACID AND LITHIUM CARBONATE ON SINTERING AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN SINGLE FIRING WALL TILE

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of boric acid and lithium carbonate on microstructure and sintering characteristics of wall tile after firing. Amount of Li2 (CO3) (0.1-0.3-0.6-0.9-1.2-4 wt.%) were added in wall tile corresponding to each constant amount of added of H3BO3 (0.1-0.3-0.6-0.9-1.2-2 wt.%). All samples were fired in 1135 0C 35 minutes in an industrial fast firing kiln. Dry strength, fired strength, water absorption and colorimeter values of all samples were determined after firing. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, optical dilatometer measurements were performed in order to determine the microstructure and melting temperature for prescribed purpose (1-2-7-8-11-32-37). Standard (1) and alternative (8) receipe’s thermogravimetric and diferantial thermal analyses were performed. 37 (2% H3BO3 + 4% Li2 (CO3) recipe’s sintering starting temperature was 984 0C. In the recipe 8 (0.3% H3BO3 + 0.1% Li2(CO3) is an alternative to the standard wall tile, which can be used with higher strength values. 

Keywords

• Flux,Sintering,Microstructure,Boric acid,Litium carbonate,Wall tile

References

1. [1] MEZQUITA, A., BOIX, J., MONFORT, E., MALLOL G, 2014, Energy Saving In Ceramic Tile Kilns: Cooling Gas Heat Recovery, Aplied Termal Engineering. 65. 101-110.
2. [2] CENGİZ, Ö., KARA, A., Tek Pişim Duvar Karosu Bünyelerinde Borik Asit İlavesinin Sinterleme Davranışına Etkileri, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Özel Sayı, 29-35
3. [3] SOMANY, S., TRIVEDI, G.G., SRIDHAR, T., GOEL, A., MOHANTY, D., PITCHUMANI, B., 2014, Increase In Vitrified Tile Production By The Use of Borate Flux, Qualicer. Spain.
4. [4] MORENO A., GARCİA -TEN J., BOU E., GOZALBO A., 2000., Using Boron As an Auxiliary Flux in Porcelain Tile Compocitions, 77-91. Qualicer. Spain.
5. [5] TULYAGANOV, D.U., AGATHOPOULOS, S., FERNANDES, H.R., FERREIRA, J.M.F., 2005, Influence of Lithium Oxide as Auxiliary Flux on The Properties of Triaxial Porcelain Bodies. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26. 1131-1139.
6. [6] LOW.M., MATHEWS T., GARROD, T., ZHOU, T.,1997, Processing of spodumene-modified mullite ceramics, Journal of Materials Science, 32. 3807-3812
7. [7] YET, G., KARA, A. ,2007, Bor ve Türevlerinin Yer Karosu Çamur Reolojisi ve Sinterleme Davranışları Üzerine Etkileri. IV.Uluslararası Katılımlı Seramik, Cam, Emaye, Sır ve Boya Semineri, 505-520.
8. [8] ÇİĞDEMİR, G., KARA, A., KARA, F. ,2005, Porselen Karo Bünyelerine Borik Asit İlavesinin Etkileri.I. Ulusal Bor Çalıştayı, 19-24.

9. [9] TS EN 14411/Grup BIII. Su Emmesi E>10% olan Kuru Preslenmiş Seramik Karolar, 2006.
10. [10] VILCHES, E.S., 2002, Technical Considerations on Porcelain Tile Products and Their Manufacturing Process, Volume 1. 57-83. Qualicer. Spain.
11. [11] IQBAL Y., LEE W.E., 2000, Microstructural Evolution in Triaxial Porcelain, J.Am. Ceram.Soc. 83[12]. 3121-27.
12. [12] EPPLER, R.A. ,1963, Glass Formation and Recrystallization in The Lithium Metasilicate Region of The System Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2, Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 46(2):100.
13. [13] CARUS, L.A., BRAGANÇA, S.R. ,2013, Investigation of Spodumene-bearing Rock as a Flux for Bone China Production, Material Research 16(6). 1398-1404.
14. [14] KURAMA. S., KARA A., KURAMA H., 2007, Investigationnof Borax Waste Behaviour in The Wall Tile Production, Journal of European Ceramic Society. 27. 1715-1720.
15. [15] LOW, I. MATHEWS, E. GARROD, T., ZHOU, D., PHILIPS, D.N. and PILLAI, X.M., Processing of Spodumen-Modified Mullite Ceramics.,1997, J.Mater Sci. 32. 3817-3812.
16. [16] SIDNEI, J.G,S, JOSE N.F.,2003, Sintering Behavior of Porous Wall Tile Bodies During Fast Single-Firing Process. Materials Resarch, 8,197-200