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A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes
Abstract
H. G. Wells, one of the pioneering utopian and dystopian authors of the late Victorian Age, delineates a political conjuncture into which London and the rest of the world may evolve two centuries later. The novel depicts a future in which the working class is socially oppressed in a new order where a world government that holds the reign of power globally and capitalism has gained an ultimate victory historically. Moreover, in this dystopic representation, the social life in the countryside has ended and the whole population is concentrated in the city. This study aims to demonstrate that, in The Sleeper Awakes, the mechanism of domination does not only have a formative power in the social sphere but also is extended towards nature. Furthermore, it is manifested that the domination over these two spheres is far from being independent of each other; on the contrary, they are mutually supportive processes. In this context, this paper uses social ecology, led by Murray Bookchin, as the theoretical framework in reading the novel. Departing from this theory, the reasons for the alienation of second nature from first nature, and the political and social outcomes of this alienation in the work have been demonstrated. Correspondingly, the implications of the centralization of both the population and political power with respect to human-nature relationships have been delved into. In addition to these, nature is shown to be objectified within a hierarchical web of relations in a system that cements the social hierarchies. Thus, this study puts forward that The Sleeper Awakes, a text that foregrounds the ideological and political discussions, may also address the ecological preoccupations.
Keywords
References
- Arendt, H. (1973). The origins of totalitarianism. San Diego: Harvest Book.
- Barry, J. (2003). Murray Bookchin. In J. A. Palmer (Ed.), Fifty key thinkers on the environment. 241- 146. London: Routledge.
- Best, S. (1998). Murray Bookchin’s theory of social ecology: An appraisal of “The Ecology of Freedom”. Organization & Environment, 11(3), 334-353.
- Bookchin, M. (1980). Towards an ecological society. Montreal: Black Rose Books.
- Bookchin, M. (1982). The ecology of freedom: The emergence and dissolution of hierarchy. Palo Alto: Cheshire Books.
- Bookchin, M. (2006). Social ecology and communalism. Oakland: AK Press.
- Booker, M. K. (1994). Dystopian literature: A theory and research guide. London: Greenwood.
- Crutzen, P. J.& Stormer E.F.(2000). The “Anthropocene”. IGBP Newsletter, 41, 17-18.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
July 31, 2022
Submission Date
February 5, 2022
Acceptance Date
June 19, 2022
Published in Issue
Year 2022 Volume: 21 Number: 3
APA
Altaç, İ. S. (2022). A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(3), 1367-1377. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1068630
AMA
1.Altaç İS. A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes. GAUN-JSS. 2022;21(3):1367-1377. doi:10.21547/jss.1068630
Chicago
Altaç, İsmail Serdar. 2022. “A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21 (3): 1367-77. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1068630.
EndNote
Altaç İS (July 1, 2022) A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21 3 1367–1377.
IEEE
[1]İ. S. Altaç, “A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes”, GAUN-JSS, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1367–1377, July 2022, doi: 10.21547/jss.1068630.
ISNAD
Altaç, İsmail Serdar. “A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 21/3 (July 1, 2022): 1367-1377. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1068630.
JAMA
1.Altaç İS. A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes. GAUN-JSS. 2022;21:1367–1377.
MLA
Altaç, İsmail Serdar. “A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 21, no. 3, July 2022, pp. 1367-7, doi:10.21547/jss.1068630.
Vancouver
1.İsmail Serdar Altaç. A Social Ecological Reading of H. G. Wells’s The Sleeper Awakes. GAUN-JSS. 2022 Jul. 1;21(3):1367-7. doi:10.21547/jss.1068630