Dayanıklılık Kavramına Alternatif olarak Çevresel Adalet: Hindistan Örneği

Abstract

Dayanıklılık kavramı, iklim göçünü de içeren kalkınma tartışmalarının çeşitli alanlarında- çok da eleştirilmeden- giderek daha sık kullanılmaktadır. Fakat kavram, genellikle göz ardı edilen birçok sorunu içermektedir: İçeriği değişken, belirsiz ve şeffaf olmayan bir kavramdır. İklim değişikliğine uyum riskini ve sorumluluğunu devletten bireylerin omuzlarına yükler. Ayrıca mevcut adaletsizlikleri arttırır. Böylece kavram, statükonun devamına yol açar ve sosyo-ekonomik ve çevresel sorunların yapısal nedenlerini görmezlikten gelir. Bu makale, dayanıklılık kavramının çevresel sorunları çözmek için sınırlı bir kavram olduğunu ve bu sorunların dayanıklılık kavramından daha kapsayıcı ve adil bir sosyo-ekolojik mercek olan çevresel adalet kavramı ile ele alınıp çözülmesi gerektiğini savlamaktadır. Makalede Hindistan’daki iklim göçü örneği irdelenerek neden dayanıklılık kavramı yerine çevresel adalet kavramının kullanılmasının gerektiği tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

• Dayanıklılık
• iklim göçü
• çevresel adalet

Environmental Justice as an Alternative to Resilience: India as an Example

Abstract

The notion of resilience is being increasingly used, without much criticism, in various areas of the development debate, involving climate migration. Nevertheless, the concept incorporates several weaknesses which are often ignored: it is a vague and non-transparent concept with shifting meanings, transfers the risk and responsibility of adaptation from the state onto the shoulders of individuals, and duplicates existing injustices. Thus, it promotes the continuation of the status quo and overlooks the structural causes of socio-economic and environmental problems. This paper argues that resilience is a limited framework to deal with environmental harms and that environmental degradation should be dealt with in a framework of environmental justice because it provides a more comprehensive and just socio-ecological lens for the critical assessment and solution of environmental problems. The paper studies the phenomenon of climate migration in India and investigates why an environmental justice framework should be employed for analyzing and proposing solutions to environmental damage instead of resilience.

Keywords

• resilience
• climate migration
• environmental justice

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