Research Article

A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise

Volume: 22 Number: 4 October 20, 2023
EN TR

A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise

Abstract

American exceptionalism, which has been supposed to have a divine historiography, accentuates and represents various aspects of Americanness that manifest destiny and strong challenges. Its sense of independence and moral superiority stems from the mythos that prioritizes its uniqueness and responsibility as part of its formation process. This ideology, in particular, suggests that the prior history of these people is pointed toward the “New World” in order to build and glamorize their distinctive future. This study offers an overview of the connection between the ideology of American exceptionalism and the 8-rock families, as chosen people, in Toni Morrison’s novel Paradise. Morrison, in Paradise, portrays a black immigration movement that demands a long-term imperial settlement modeled by white American society. Facing the failure of Reconstruction, her characters strive to maintain their freedom and independence through self-imposed, forceful segregation. The assumption that grounds the study, therefore, is that the 8-rock families, the founders of Ruby Town, pattern the ideological formation of American exceptionalism, despite their coal-black skin color and inferior status in cultural paradigms, by adopting a policy of racial segregation. The solidification, as in the American case, implies that self-proclaimed New Founders are responsible for building an independent and superior community that embraces the doctrines of disenfranchisement and racism in America. In addressing this reciprocity and its outcomes, Morrison has confirmed that just like good things, discrimination and ideas of superiority are learned, and Ruby residents have learned to use their skin color as a tool of domination.

Keywords

References

  1. Benjamin, W. (1968). Illuminations. Arendt, H. (Ed.). Theses on the philosophy of history. New York: Harcourt.
  2. Byers, T. B. (1997). A city upon a hill: American literature and the ideology of exceptionalism. American Studies in Scandinavia, 29 (2), 85-105.
  3. Dalsgard, K. (2001). The one all-black town worth the pain: (African) American exceptionalism, historical narration, and the critique of nationhood in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. African American Review, 35 (2), 233-248.
  4. Davidson, R. (2001). Racial stock and 8-rocks: communal historiography in Toni Morrison’s “Paradise”. Twentieth Century Literature, 47 (3), 355-373.
  5. Gauthier, M. (2005). The other side of “Paradise”: Toni Morrison’s (un)making of myths history. African American Review, 39 (3), 395-414.
  6. Griffith, J. R. (2011). In the end is the beginning: Toni Morrison’s post-modern, post-ethical vision of paradise. Christianity and Literature, 60 (4), 581-610.
  7. Huntington, S. P. (2004). Who are we? The challenges to America’s national identity. Simon: New York.
  8. Kearly, P. R. (2000). Toni Morrison’s Paradise and the politics of community. The Journal of American Culture, 23 (2), 9-16.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 20, 2023

Submission Date

August 2, 2023

Acceptance Date

October 14, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 22 Number: 4

APA
Süt Güngör, P. (2023). A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1247-1259. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1336393
AMA
1.Süt Güngör P. A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. GAUN-JSS. 2023;22(4):1247-1259. doi:10.21547/jss.1336393
Chicago
Süt Güngör, Pınar. 2023. “A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby As Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 (4): 1247-59. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1336393.
EndNote
Süt Güngör P (October 1, 2023) A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 4 1247–1259.
IEEE
[1]P. Süt Güngör, “A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise”, GAUN-JSS, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1247–1259, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.21547/jss.1336393.
ISNAD
Süt Güngör, Pınar. “A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby As Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/4 (October 1, 2023): 1247-1259. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1336393.
JAMA
1.Süt Güngör P. A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. GAUN-JSS. 2023;22:1247–1259.
MLA
Süt Güngör, Pınar. “A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby As Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 4, Oct. 2023, pp. 1247-59, doi:10.21547/jss.1336393.
Vancouver
1.Pınar Süt Güngör. A Microcosm of American Exceptionalism: Eigth-Rocks in Ruby as Chosen People in Toni Morrison’s Paradise. GAUN-JSS. 2023 Oct. 1;22(4):1247-59. doi:10.21547/jss.1336393