Circular Economy, Solid Waste Recovery, and Growth: An Empirical Analysis for Sustainable Development in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic

Year 2023, , 373 - 385, 28.10.2023

Seyit Ali Miçooğulları , Maya Moalla

https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.1354297

Abstract

Bu makale, Türkiye ekonomisinin döngüsel ekonomi perspektifinde katı atık geri dönüşümü ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye'nin Cumhuriyet'in 100. yılını yaklaşırken karşıladığı bu önemli dönemde, sürdürülebilir ve kapsayıcı bir ekonomik büyüme hedefi hem ekonomik hem de çevresel açıdan büyük öneme sahiptir. Katı atık geri dönüşümü, günümüzde sadece atıkları azaltmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda doğal kaynakların korunmasına ve ekonomik büyümeye olumlu bir katkı sağlayan bir süreç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışma 1994Q1 ile 2020Q4 arasındaki çeyrek verileri kullanarak, katı atık geri dönüşümünün Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkilerini ayrıntılı bir şekilde analiz etmektedir. Yapılan analizler, Bootstrap Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme (BARDL) metodolojisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir ve sonuçlar hem kısa vadeli hem de uzun vadeli dönemlerde katı atık geri dönüşümünün ekonomik büyümeyi olumlu bir şekilde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu, katı atık geri dönüşümünün döngüsel ekonominin temel bir bileşeni olduğunu ve Türkiye'nin sürdürülebilir büyüme hedeflerine ulaşmasına katkı sağlayabileceğini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca, bu sonuçlara dayanarak politika önerileri sunmaktadır. Öneriler arasında, döngüsel ekonomiye daha hızlı bir geçişin teşvik edilmesi, teknolojik yeniliklere ve altyapı geliştirmelere yatırım yapılması, farkındalık ve eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi, kamu ve özel sektör iş birliğinin desteklenmesi, yenilikçi finansman yaklaşımlarının benimsenmesi ve kapsamlı yasal düzenlemelerin yapılması yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın bulguları ve önerileri, Türkiye'nin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmasına yardımcı olabilir ve Türkiye'nin Cumhuriyet'in 100. yılını karşıladığı bu dönemde gelecek nesillere daha iyi bir yaşam ve çevre bırakma vizyonunu desteklemektedir.

Keywords

Cumhuriyet, Katı atık geri dönüşümü, Döngüsel ekonomi, Sürdürülebilir kalkınma, ARDL Metodolojisi

Circular Economy, Solid Waste Recovery, and Growth: An Empirical Analysis for Sustainable Development in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic

Abstract

This article aims to examine the relationship between solid waste recycling and economic growth within the framework of the circular economy perspective in Turkiye. As Turkiye approaches its 100th anniversary of the Republic, achieving a sustainable and inclusive economic growth goal is of paramount importance. Solid waste recycling is now recognized as a process that not only reduces waste but also contributes positively to both economic growth and environmental preservation. In this context, the study utilizes quarterly data from 1994Q1 to 2020Q4 to comprehensively analyze the impact of solid waste recycling on the Turkish economy. The analyses were conducted using the Bootstrap Autoregressive Distributed Lag (BARDL) methodology. The results confirm that solid waste recycling has a positive influence on economic growth in both the short and long terms. This underscores the essential role of solid waste recycling as a fundamental component of the circular economy, emphasizing its potential to contribute to Turkiye's sustainable growth goals. Additionally, the study offers policy recommendations based on these findings. These recommendations include accelerating the transition to a circular economy, investing in technological innovations and infrastructure enhancements, organizing awareness and education programs, fostering collaboration between the public and private sectors, adopting innovative financing approaches, and establishing comprehensive legal regulations. In conclusion, the findings and recommendations of this study can contribute to Turkiye's achievement of sustainable economic growth and development goals, particularly as it approaches the 100th anniversary of the Republic. Prioritizing solid waste recycling as part of the circular economy vision can help create a better living environment and a sustainable future for the upcoming generations.

Keywords

Republic, Solid Waste Recycling, Circular Economy, Sustainable Development, BARDL Methodology

References

• Aksay, C. S., Ketenoğlu, O., & Latif, K. U. R. T. (2005). Küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 1(25), 29-42.
• Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., & Mestre, R. (1998). Error‐correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single‐equation framework. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 19(3), 267-283.
• Caiyi, L., Xiaoyong, L., & Zhenyu, L. (2022). The nexus between e-commerce growth and solid-waste emissions in china: Open the pathway of green development of e-commerce. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 963264.
• De Jesus, A., Antunes, P., Santos, R. And Mendonça, S. (2018). Eco-innovation in the transition to a circular economy: An analytical literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 2999-3018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.111.
• De Jesus, A., Lammi, M., Domenech, T., Vanhuyse, F., Mendonça, S. (2021). Eco-ınnovation diversity in a circular economy: Towards circular ınnovation studies. Sustainability, 13, 10974. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910974
• Ekins, P., Domenech Aparisi, T., Drummond, P., Bleischwitz, R., Hughes, N., & Lotti, L. (2020). The circular economy: What, why, how and where, managing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities. Manag. Environ. energy transitions Reg. cities, 1-89.
• Eralp, A., ve Gökmen, Ş. (2023). Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliğinin Türkiye’nin kentsel atığı için test edilmesi. Sosyal Bilimlerde Toplumsal Sorunlara Bakış, 67.
• Gardiner, R., & Hajek, P. (2020). Municipal waste generation, R&D intensity, and economic growth nexus–A case of EU regions. Waste Management, 114, 124-135.
• George, D. A., Lin, B. C. A., & Chen, Y. (2015). A circular economy model of economic growth. Environmental Modelling & Software, 73, 60-63.
• Goh, S. K., Yong, J. Y., Lau, C. C., & Tang, T. C. (2017). Bootstrap ARDL on energy-growth relationship for 22 OECD countries. Applied Economics Letters, 24(20), 1464-1467.
• Hoornweg, D., Bhada-Tata, P., 2012. What a waste: A global review of solid waste management. Urban Development Series; Knowledge Papers no. 15. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17388
• Huang, J., Tang, Z., Liu, D., & He, J. (2020). Ecological response to urban development in a changing socio-economic and climate context: Policy implications for balancing regional development and habitat conservation. Land Use Policy, 97, 104772.
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2021). Climate change 2021 the physical science basis: Summary for policymakers. ISBN 978-92-9169-158-6.
• Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (2019): Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the. E. S. Brondizio, J. Settele, S. Díaz, and H. T. Ngo (ed.). IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831673.
• Kaza, S., Yao, L., Bhada-Tata, P., Van Woerden, F., 2018. What a waste 2.0: A global snapshot of solid waste management to 2050. The World Bank.
• Korhonen, J., Honkasalo, A. And Seppälä, J. (2018). Circular economy: The concept and its limitations. Ecological Economics, 143, 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.041.
• Kuvvetli Yavaş, H. (2023). Ekonomide bir paradigma değişimi olarak döngüsel ekonomi. Ülger Bulut Karaca (Ed.) Türkiye’de sıfır atık: Tespitler, beklentiler ve fırsatlar (6-34) İstanbul: Arel Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Lee, S., Kim, J., & Chong, W. K. (2016). The causes of the municipal solid waste and the greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector in the United States. Waste Management, 56, 593-599 . McDowall, W., Geng, Y., Huang, B., Bartekova, E., Bleischwitz, R., Turkeli, S., Kemp, R. & Domenech, T. (2017). Circular economy policies in China and Europe. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21 (3), https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12597.
• McNown, R., Sam, C. Y., & Goh, S. K. (2018). Bootstrapping the autoregressive distributed lag test for cointegration. Applied Economics, 50(13), 1509-1521.
• Moraga, G., Huysveld, S., Mathieux, F., Blengini, G. A., Alaerts, L., Van Acker, K., & Dewulf, J. (2019). Circular economy indicators: What do they measure? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, 452-461.
• Morseletto, P. (2023). Sometimes linear, sometimes circular: States of the economy and transitions to the future. Journal of Cleaner Production, 390, 136138 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136138.
• Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1999). An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis (Vol. 9514). Cambridge, UK: Department of Applied Economics, University of Cambridge.
• Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
• Philippidis, G., Sartori, M., Ferrari, E., & M'Barek, R. (2019). Waste not, want not: A bio-economic impact assessment of household food waste reductions in the EU. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 146, 514-522.
• Potting, J., Hekkert, M. P., Worrell, E., & Hanemaaijer, A. (2017). Circular economy: Measuring innovation in the product chain. Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, (2544).
• Rahman, M. M., Rahman, S. M., Rahman, M. S., Hasan, M. A., Shoaib, S. A., & Rushd, S. (2021). Greenhouse gas emissions from solid waste management in Saudi Arabia—Analysis of growth dynamics and mitigation opportunities. Applied Sciences, 11(4), 1737.
• Razzaq, A., Sharif, A., Najmi, A., Tseng, M. L., & Lim, M. K. (2021). Dynamic and causality interrelationships from municipal solid waste recycling to economic growth, carbon emissions and energy efficiency using a novel bootstrapping autoregressive distributed lag. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 166, 105372.
• Shah, W. U. H., Yasmeen, R., Sarfraz, M., & Ivascu, L. (2023). The repercussions of economic growth, industrialization, foreign direct investment, and technology on municipal solid waste: Evidence from OECD economies. Sustainability, 15(1), 836.
• Shahbaz, M., Raghutla, C., Song, M., Zameer, H., & Jiao, Z. (2020). Public-private partnerships investment in energy as new determinant of CO2 emissions: The role of technological innovations in China. Energy Economics, 86, 104664.
• Shahbaz, M., Shafiullah, M., Papavassiliou, V. G., & Hammoudeh, S. (2017). The CO2–growth nexus revisited: A nonparametric analysis for the G7 economies over nearly two centuries. Energy Economics, 65, 183-193.
• Sharif, A., Afshan, S., & Qureshi, M. A. (2019). Idolization and ramification between globalization and ecological footprints: Evidence from quantile-on-quantile approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 11191-11211.
• TÜİK (2020) Waste Statistics https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Atik-Istatistikleri-2020-37198 Erişim Tarihi: 10 Haziran 2023.
• Uddin, G. A., Salahuddin, M., Alam, K., & Gow, J. (2017). Ecological footprint and real income: Panel data evidence from the 27 highest emitting countries. Ecological Indicators, 77, 166-175.
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization. (2017). Circular Economy. https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2017-07/Circular_Economy_UNIDO_0.pdf
• World Bank (2019): Available at: https://datatopics.worldbank.org/what-awaste/tre nds_in_solid_waste_management.html. Access date: June 07, 2023.
• World Bank (2022). Global economic prospects. ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-1844-8. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1843-1.
• Zivot, E., & Andrews, D. W. K. (2002). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(1), 25-44.