Türkiye için Pronotalist Nüfus Politikasi Arayışı

Abstract

Türkiye 2000’li yıllara kadar yüksek doğurganlık ve düşük ölümlülük oranlarına şahit olmuştur. Genç nüfus yapısı, büyüyen nüfus için altyapı ihtiyacı ve üreem sağlığı Türkiye’nin tarihi boyunca politika yapıcıların gündeminde olmuştur. Toplam doğurganlık oranının yenilenme düzeyinin altına inmesinden sonra, son yıllarda yeni bir politika çerçevesi arayışı konusunda canlı tartışmalar görünür hale gelmiştir. 1923 yılında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulduğundan 1960’lı yılların başına kadar pronatalist politikalar etkili olmuştur. 1962 yılında ilk Kalkınma Planı’ndan sonraki politika değişikliği 2000 yılına kadar antinatalist bir yönde olmuştur. 2000 ve 2012 yılları arasında net olarak bir politika kategorisine konulamayan dönem sonrasında Hükümetin tercihi pronatalist politikalar yönünde olmuş ve bu amaç için bürokrasi yeni politikalar geliştirmesi konusunda hareketlendirilmiştir. Bu makale, Türkiye’nin doğurganlık politikalarını ve demografik dönüşüm sürecini özetleyerek muhtemel yeni politika seçeneklerini değerlendirmektedir

Keywords

• Aile Politikası, Doğurganlık, Toplumsal Cinsiyet & Aile, Çocuk Bakımı, İş Hayatı & Aile Dengesi

In Search for a Pronatalist Population Policy for Turkey

Abstract

Turkey has witnessed high fertility rates and low mortality rates until 2000s. Young population structure, need for infrastructure for growing population and reproductive health issues were always on the agenda of policy makers throughout the history of Turkey. After the decline in total fertility rate below replacement level, vibrant discussions and search for a new policy framework began to be visible in the recent years. After the establishment of new Republic in Turkey in 1923 pronatalist policies were active until the beginning 1960s. After the First Development Plan in 1962, policy shift was towards an antinatalist direction until 2000. After a short period between 2000 and 2012 which can not be put any category in terms of fertility policy government clearly declared its position favouring pronatalist policies and mobilised bureaucracy for developing new policy options. This paper summarizes the fertility policies and demographic transition of Turkey and evaluates possible policy options

Keywords

• Family Policy, Fertility, Gender & Family, Child care, Work & Family Balance

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