Küreselleşen Kentler: Ulusötesi Çağda Mekan Siyasetine Kuramsal bir Bakış

Abstract

Son yirmi yıldır kent küresel ve yerel süreçlerin dinamik ve diyalektik eklemlenmesini analiz edebileceğimiz önemli mekanlardan biri olmaya başladı. “Bilgi kenti”, “girişimci kent,” “ulusaşırı kent”, “dünya kenti,” ve “küresel kent” gibi ortaya atılan yeni kavramlar da günümüz kent çalışmalarının küreselleşme ile kentsel süreçler ve kentleri şekillendiren küresel ve yerel güçler arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya yönelik artan ilgiye işaret etmektedir. Bu kavramların arasında ise küreselleşme ve kentler üzerine yapılan çalışmaları en çok etkileyen “dünya kenti/küresel kent” yaklaşımı olmuştur. Dünya kenti/küresel kent kavramı sadece akademik çalışmaları etkilemekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda güçlü tüzel ve özel kurumların ve aktörlerin kent politikalarını belirleyen en önemli yaklaşım haline de gelmiştir. Bu makale, akademik ve politik olarak böylesine etkili hale gelmiş bir yaklaşımın kuramsal çerçevesinin ve iddialarının yakından incelenmesi gerektiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu çalışma, dünya kenti/küresel kent çalışmalarının aşırı yapısalcı ve küresel ve yerel toplumsal aktörlerin güç ve çıkar temelli mücadelerini gözardı eden “yukarıdan aşağıya” küreselleşme yaklaşımını eleştirmektedir. Bunun yerine küreselleşmeye ve kentleri küreselleştirme çabalarına tarihsel, politik ve aktör odaklı bir yaklaşım sunmaya çalışmaktadır

Keywords

• Küreselleşme, Kentler, Dünya kenti, Küresel kent

Globalization of Cities: Towards Conceptualizing a New Politics of Place-Making in a Transnational Era

Abstract

Within the past two decades, city has emerged as a critical site for analyzing dynamic and dialectic articulations of global and local processes. The proliferation of concepts such as “informational city, “entrepreneurial city”, “transnational city”, “world city,” and “global city’ reflect a growing concern in contemporary urban studies to understand and theorize the link between contemporary globalization and urbanization processes and the dynamic interplay between global and local forces in shaping cities. Among these frameworks, “world city/global city” approach played the leading role in providing a framework for recent research on the relationship between globalization and cities. “World city/global city” approach also became the main framework in shaping the urban policy agendas of many powerful public and private institutions and actors around the world. This article argues that the global prominence of this approach not only in academia but also in public debates attends to its significance and warrants a close inquiry of its claims and analyses. The article criticizes the world city/global city approach for its overly structuralist and top-down account of globalization of cities and for neglecting the interplay between the global and local actors. It attempts to develop an alternative approach that offers a historical, political, and actor-oriented perspective on globalization and global city-making in the major cities of the world

Keywords

• Globalization, Cities, World city, Global city

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