Sociology of Crime and Its Representation in the News Discourse

Abstract

This study discusses the perspectives on crime and the debates about the construction and the representation of crime in the news discourse. During the 19th century, debates about crime were mostly shaped by individual pathology which concentrated on physical characteristics, biological heritage and mental disorders. However, these debates became distinguished in the sociology field by the beginning of 20th century for the first time. This shift in the debates about crime would set the framework of the mainstream criminology approach in academy until the 1970s. Rather than relying on a sociological perspective, this approach remained within the boundaries of positivist understanding and focused on exploring the causes of crime via individual. However, the 1960s witnessed the questioning of this paradigm and by 1970s, sociological analyses and resolutions of crime came to existence with the help of socio-economical system criticisms. These discussions which intersect with the critical media studies relying mainly on ‘dominant ideology’ focus on the sociological construction processes and the representation patterns of crime.

Keywords

• crime,criminology,poverty,news discourse

Suçun Sosyolojisi ve Haber Söyleminde Temsili

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, suça ilişkin perspektifler ve suçun haber söyleminde inşa ve temsili tartışmaları ele alınmaktadır. Fiziksel özelliklere, biyolojik kalıtıma ve zihinsel hastalıklara odaklanan bireysel patoloji düşüncesinin tayin edici olduğu 19. yüzyıldaki suç tartışması ilk kez 20. yüzyıl başlarında sosyoloji alanında temayüz etti. Suç tartışmasındaki bu evrim, 1970’li yıllara kadar akademide kriminolojik görüş üretmenin çerçevesini belirleyecekti. Sosyolojik bir perspektif oluşturmaktan ziyade pozitivist tahayyülün sınırları dahilinde kalan tartışmalar, birey üzerinden suçun nedenlerini keşfetmeye odaklandı. Bu paradigma, 1960’lı yıllardan itibaren irdelendi ve 1970’lerle birlikte sosyo-ekonomik sistemsel eleştiri ile sosyolojik çözümleme ve önermeler ortaya çıktı. Esas olarak ‘egemen ideoloji’ tezine dayanan eleştirel medya çalışmalarıyla kesişen tartışmalarda, suçun toplumsal inşa süreçleri ve temsil biçimleri inceleme konusu edilmektedir.

Keywords

• suç,kriminoloji,yoksulluk,haber söylemi

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